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Немецкий язык практическая грамматика. Учебное пособие на немецком языке для студентов первого курса факультета иностранных языков педагогических унив

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НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
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 6HW]HQ6LHZRQ|WLJGHQULFKWLJHQ$UWLNHOHLQ
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6WHLQ LVWHWZD 0LOOLDUGHQ -DKUHDOW (U ILHODOV 0HWHRULW DXI(UGHYRUHWZD-DKUHQ ,Q(LV$UNWLVEOLHEHUVHLWKHUNRQVHUYLHUW8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ OLHIHUQ  %HZHLV YRQ  K|FKVWHU :DKUVFKHLQOLFKNHLW YRU  0LOOLDUGHQ -DKUHQJDE HV DXI  0DUV  SULPLWLYH /HEHZHVHQ ± 8UEDNWHULHQ2IIHQEOHLEW)UDJH+DEHQ0DUVXQG(UGHQOHEHQ LQ$OOJHPHLQVDPH:XU]HO"
206
ÜBUNGSTEIL
 hEHUVHW]HQ6LHLQV'HXWVFKH
Ⱦɟɥɚɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟ Ɇɨɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɫɨɪɹɬɫɹ Ɇɚɦɚ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ
ɫɨɬɰɨɦ ɚɩɚɩɚ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɫɬɢ əɯɨɱɭ ɩɨɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɫɩɚɩɨɣɬɚɤɤɚɤɟɝɨɰɟɥɵɣɞɟɧɶɧɟɛɵɥɨɞɨɦɚɚɛɪɚɬɝɪɨɦɤɨ ɩɥɚɱɟɬɉɨɷɬɨɦɭɜɫɟɦɶɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɫɫɨɪɵ Ɏɪɚɧɤɥɟɬ
 Ɇɨɹ ɦɚɦɚ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɤɭɞɚɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɜɤɢɧɨ ɜɬɟɚɬɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɝɨɫɬɢ ɇɨ ɨɬɟɰ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɥɵɣ ɢɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ©ɑɬɨɭɦɟɧɹɦɚɥɨɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɫɬɟɣɧɚɪɚɛɨɬɟ"ª
ɉɟɬɪɚɥɟɬ
 Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɚɩɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɧ ɧɟɪɜɧɢɱɚɟɬ ɢɡɡɚ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɯɩɨɬɨɦɦɚɦɚɤɪɢɱɢɬɱɬɨɜɞɟɬɫɤɨɣɛɟɫɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɩɨɪ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɡɡɚ ɬɟɥɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɂɬɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɟɱɟɪɏɚɣɤɟɥɟɬ
 ɍɧɚɫ ɞɨɦɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɸɬɧɨ ȼɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɦɚɦɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɜɤɭɫɧɵɣ ɭɠɢɧ ɚɩɚɩɚ ɢɹ ɢɞɟɦ ɝɭɥɹɬɶ ɫɫɨɛɚɤɨɣ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɟɞɵ ɹɟɳɟ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɝɭ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɣɧɢɛɭɞɶɮɢɥɶɦ ɚɩɨɬɨɦɢɞɭ ɜɤɪɨɜɚɬɶȻɪɢɬɬɟɥɟɬ
Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɦɟɸɬɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɩɨɣɬɢ ɤɭɞɚɧɢɛɭɞɶɜɟɱɟɪɨɦɂɬɨɝɞɚɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬɜɨɩɪɨɫȺɦɨɠɧɨɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶɪɟɛɟɧɤɚɨɞɧɨɝɨ"Ɉɬɜɟɬɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɟɧ±ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɧɟɬ
Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɱɟɝɨ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɝɨɞɭɠɢɡɧɢɢɱɬɨɨɧɯɨɱɟɬɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɩɥɚɱɟɦɢɤɪɢɤɨɦ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɯɨɥɨɞɚɠɚɪɵɝɨɥɨɞɚɢɥɢɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɜɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɧɟɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɍɯɨɞɡɚɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦɦɨɠɟɬɜɡɹɬɶɧɚɫɟɛɹɞɨɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪɛɚɛɭɲɤɚɢɥɢɞɟɞɭɲɤɚɬɟɬɹɢɥɢɞɹɞɹɬɟɱɥɟɧɵ ɫɟɦɶɢɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɍɃɨɪɝɚɧɟɬɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɬɚɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢɧɨ ɨɧɨɤɨɧɱɢɥɪɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ 5HDOVFKXOH ɢɯɨɱɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɨɦ Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɠɟ ɯɨɬɹɬ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɣ ɨɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ Ƀɨɪɝ ɝɨɞ ɢɫɤɚɥ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ $XVELOGXQJVSODW] ɢɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɧɚɲɟɥ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɹɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɚɹɢɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɟɦɭɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɃɨɪɝɩɨɤɚɡɚɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɥɢɲɤɨɦɦɚɥɨ
207
НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
 əɟɯɚɥ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸɧɨ ɩɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɟɭɦɟɧɹ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɜɚɪɢɹ Ɇɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɹɬɶ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɚɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɫɟɦɶ əɫɩɟɲɢɥ ɇɟɩɨɞɚɥɟɤɭ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɟɦɨɧɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ $XWRZHUNVWDWW Ɇɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɡɚɥɱɬɨɫɦɨɠɟɬɨɬɪɟɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɦɚɲɢɧɭɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɬɪɨɦɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɧɹȼɟɞɶɟɫɥɢ ɫɥɨɦɚɧɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ0RWRU NDSXWW ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ Ɇɚɫɬɟɪ ɜɵɡɜɚɥ ɬɚɤɫɢɢɹɩɨɟɯɚɥɧɚɧɟɦɧɚɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ
 hEHUVHW]HQ6LHLQV'HXWVFKH
ɉɪɟɞɪɚɫɫɭɞɤɢ
Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɫɬɪɭɞɨɦɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɟɛɟɫɭɩɪɭɝɭ Ʉɪɚɫɢɜɵɣɦɭɠɱɢɧɚɪɟɞɤɨɛɵɜɚɟɬɯɨɪɨɲɢɦɦɭɠɟɦ Ȼɨɝɚɬɵɟɦɭɠɱɢɧɵɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɭɪɨɞɥɢɜɵ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɧɚɹɞɟɜɭɲɤɚɫɬɚɧɟɬɯɨɪɨɲɟɣɠɟɧɨɣ Ʉɪɚɫɢɜɚɹɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɱɚɳɟɜɫɟɝɨɝɥɭɩɚ Ɍɨɥɫɬɵɟɞɟɬɢɡɞɨɪɨɜɟɟ
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Als wir in München ankamen, goss es in Strömen.
Immer, wenn uns Großmutter besucht, bringt sie uns Schokolade mit.
Wenn ich in diesem Jahr nach Deutschland komme, werde ich unbedingt den
Zwinger (die Dresdner Gemäldegalerie) besuchen.
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