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Немецкий язык практическая грамматика. Учебное пособие на немецком языке для студентов первого курса факультета иностранных языков педагогических унив

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 *HEHQ 6LH ,KUHQ )UHXQGHQ 5DWVFKOlJH IU HLQ JHVXQGHV /HEHQXQG]ZDULQYHUVFKLHGHQHQ,PSHUDWLYIRUPHQ
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ɉɨɟɡɠɚɣ ɞɨɦɨɣ ɍɠɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɨ Ⱦɨ ɫɜɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɵɉɪɢɫɹɞɟɦ ɡɞɟɫɶɋɵɝɪɚɟɦ ɜɬɟɧɧɢɫ ɉɟɬɪ ɜɫɬɚɜɚɣ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɉɨɦɨɝɢɬɟ ɦɧɟ ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɞɢɫɶ ɫɸɞɚ  ɉɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɟ ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ ɚɞɪɟɫ ɋɢɞɢ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ ȿɲɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ȿɲɶ ɫɭɩ ɉɟɣ ɱɚɣ ɇɟ ɫɩɟɲɢ ɇɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢ ɩɨɡɞɧɨɞɨɦɨɣ ɇɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɣ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɱɶɸ ɇɟ ɱɢɬɚɣ ɜɩɨɫɬɟɥɢ ɇɟɡɚɛɵɜɚɣɬɟ ɷɬɨɝɨɇɟ ɛɟɝɢ ɬɚɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨȻɭɞɶ ɫɩɨɤɨɟɧ ȼɵɦɨɣɫɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ Ɉɬɤɪɨɣ ɨɤɧɨ ɢɢɞɢ ɫɩɚɬɶ ɂɞɢ ɫɸɞɚ ɉɨɤɚɠɢ ɦɧɟ ɤɧɢɝɭɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɣɬɟɫɶɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭɡɵɤɨɣ
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НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
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ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɫɥɨɜɚ Ɂɚɩɢɲɟɦɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɟɦɬɟɤɫɬ ɇɟɞɟɥɚɣɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɂɫɩɪɚɜɶɫɜɨɸɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɉɪɨɱɬɢɫɜɨɣɩɪɢɦɟɪ Ⱦɚɣɬɟɦɧɟɷɬɭɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ ɉɢɲɢɬɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ȼɨɡɶɦɢɟɟɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲ  Ȼɟɫɟɞɭɣɬɟɬɢɲɟ ɇɟɞɟɥɚɣɬɟɨɲɢɛɨɤɜɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɂɞɢɤɞɨɫɤɟ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɥɟɠɧɨ  Ɂɚɤɪɨɣɬɟɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɣɬɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨ  Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟɫɵɝɪɚɟɦɢɫɩɨɟɦ ɉɪɨɱɬɢɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟɤɫɬ ɑɢɬɚɣɬɟɝɪɨɦɤɨɢɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɨ ɇɚɪɢɫɭɣɷɬɨɬɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ Ɋɟɲɚɣɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ Ⱥɫɟɣɱɚɫɞɟɬɢɩɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɤɚɠɞɨɟɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɜɜɚɲɢɯ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɯ
hEHUVHW]HQ6LHLQV'HXWVFKH
Ɋɟɰɟɩɬɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ
ɁɚɧɢɦɚɣɫɹɫɩɨɪɬɨɦȾɟɥɚɣɩɨɭɬɪɚɦɡɚɪɹɞɤɭ ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɣɫɜɨɣɜɟɫ ɋɩɢɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɜɨɫɟɦɶɱɚɫɨɜ
ɉɨɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɣɫɹɨɬɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɹ ȿɲɶɮɪɭɤɬɵɜɦɟɫɬɨɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɚ
ɉɟɣɱɚɳɟɧɟɫɥɚɞɤɢɣɱɚɣɢɥɢɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸɜɨɞɭɛɟɡɝɚɡɚ VWLOOHV:DVVHUɜɦɟɫɬɨɤɨɥɵɢɥɢɥɢɦɨɧɚɞɚ
ɑɚɳɟɭɥɵɛɚɣɫɹɢɛɭɞɶɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɨɦ
0HUNHQ 6LH VLFK GLH hEHUVHW]XQJ YRQ ɞɚɜɚɣ, ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ GXUFK wollen wir + Infinitiv.
 Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɥɭɲɚɟɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ⱦɚɜɚɣ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɟɦ ɜɤɨɧɰɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɡɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɬɨɠɟɩɪɢɦɟɦɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɷɬɨɦɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɢȾɚɜɚɣ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɦ ɪɵɛɭ ɚɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɫɤɭɩɚɟɦɫɹ Ⱦɚɜɚɣ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦɩɨɩɭɬɢɞɨɦɨɣɬɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɦ ɧɢɤɬɨɧɟɩɨɦɟɲɚɟɬȾɚɜɚɣ ɩɨɣɞɟɦ ɜɟɱɟɪɨɦ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɨɤ Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ Ⱦɚɜɚɣ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɣɞɟɦ ɡɚ Ƚɚɧɫɨɦ Ɂɚɜɬɪɚ ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɦ ɩɪɨɝɭɥɤɭ ɜɝɨɪɵ Ⱦɚɜɚɣ ɬɟɩɟɪɶɜɵɩɶɟɦɤɨɮɟ
172

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ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɧɚɭɪɨɤɚɯ
ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ,
ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɟɧɚɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ
ɧɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɣɬɟɧɚɭɪɨɤɟɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɝɨɩɨɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ
ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɣɬɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɜɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ
ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶɫɧɚɱɚɥɚɩɨɧɹɬɶɨɛɳɢɣɫɦɵɫɥɬɟɤɫɬɚGHU,QKDOW ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɟɫɫɨɛɨɣɫɥɨɜɚɪɶɢɢɳɢɬɟɧɭɠɧɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɜɧɟɦ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɣɬɟɧɟɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɟɫɥɨɜɚɜɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ
ɧɟɥɟɧɢɬɟɫɶɢɧɟɨɬɜɥɟɤɚɣɬɟɫɶɧɚɧɟɧɭɠɧɵɟɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɣɬɟɧɚɡɚɧɹɬɢɢɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ ɛɭɞɶɬɟɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɜɟɠɥɢɜɵ
ÜBUNGSTEIL
=HWWHOVFKUHLEHQLVWDXFKHLQH.XQVW
(LQ=HWWHOIUGHQ6RKQ
Ʉɚɪɫɬɟɧ! ȼɫɬɚɧɶ, ɭɦɨɣɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɡɚɜɬɪɚɤɚɣ. Ɉɞɟɧɶɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨ, ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨ. ȼɨɡɶɦɢ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɸɤɡɚɤ. ɇɟ ɡɚɛɭɞɶ ɤɥɸɱ. ɉɨɟɡɠɚɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ. Ɂɚɣɞɢ ɡɚ ɦɧɨɣ ɜ ɱɚɫ. ɉɨɨɛɟɞɚɟɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ. Ɇɚɦɚ
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IDQJHQLD Mit Speck fängt man Mäuse. HUIDKUHQXDWer viel redet, erfährt wenig. JUDEHQXD Wer anderen Grube gräbt, fällt selbst hinein. VFKODJHQXD Den Sack schlägt man, den Esel meint man. ZDVFKHQXD Eine Hand wäscht die andere. ZHUGHQXR Durch Schaden wird man klug. IUHVVHQDH In der Not frisst der Teufel Fliegen. JHEHQDH Der Klügere gibt nach.
 DXI:LGHUVWDQGYHU]LFKWHQ
VHKHQDH Einem geschenkten Gaul sieht man nicht ins
Maul.
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ĺ
177
НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
EUHFKHQDR Glück und Glas wie leicht bricht das.
Geduld und Fleiß bricht alles Eis.
JHOWHQDR Der Prophet gilt nichts in seinem Vaterland.
GHU3URSKHW ɡɞ.ɩɪɨɪɨɤ
VSUHFKHQDRWer einmal lügt, dem glaubt man nicht, und wenn
er auch die Wahrheit spricht.
YHUGHUEHQDR
Viele Köche verderben den Brei Zu wenig und zu viel verdirbt alles Spiel.
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Ich fahre zum Unterricht mit dem Bus. ĺ Fährst du auch zum Unterricht mit dem Bus?
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fallen, durchfallen, einfallen
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=XZHOFKHP.OHLGGXPLU"±%HLP.UHX]ZRUWUlWVHOQLKUVWHWV KLQXQGKHU±'HU9DWHUPLUQXU*XWHVGDVLKUDOOHQ"
schlafen
(UEHLPRIIHQHQ)HQVWHUVRJDULP:LQWHU±:LHYLHO6WXQGHQ HU"± *HZ|KQOLFK HUQDFK GHP (VVHQHLQ6WQGFKHQ±,Q GHU 1DFKWLKUJHQXJXQG JDQ] WLHI±-HGHVJHVXQGH.LQG UXKLJ XQGVDQIW±'DV%DE\IHVWLP.LQGHUZDJHQ±'XMDVFKRQ
schlagen
'LH 8KU  ]Z|OI ± 6HLQ 3XOV  GRSSHOW VR VFKQHOO ZLH JHZ|KQOLFK ± 'LH 1DFKWLJDOO  QDFKWV LP *DUWHQ ± 8QG LKU .LQGHU«GDEHLUK\WKPLVFKPLWGHU+DQG
tragen, vortragen
+HXW]XWDJHPDQIDUEHQIURKH.OHLGXQJ±'DV.OHLGVLFKJXW ±LKU2KUULQJHDXV*ROG"±'LH0XWWHUGDV.LQGQDFK+DXVH ± 6LH  HLQ KHOOHV 6RPPHUNOHLG ±  GX DXFK LPPHU KHOO" ±
179
НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
'LHVHU $SIHOEDXP  MHGHV -DKU VH bSIHO ± 'X  HLQHQ NRPLVFKHQ+XW±6HLQH7RFKWHUYLHOH*HGLFKWHJXW
gefallen
:DVGLU DQLKP"$QLKP PLUIDVWDOOHV ± :LHGLUPHLQ QHXHU:ROJD"±'LH*HGLFKWHYRQ*RHWKHPLUEHVRQGHUV
brechen
(UQLHVHLQ:RUW±GXbVWHLP:DOG"±$UQRSO|W]OLFKGDV 6FKZHLJHQ PLW HLQHU WURFNHQHQ %HPHUNXQJ ± 1RW « (LVHQ ±
-HGHV0DO«LKU5HNRUGHHXUHU*HJQHU±'LH:HOOH«VLFKDQ GDV8IHU±'DV/LFKW«GXUFKGLH:RONHQ
empfangen
 LKU0LWWDJ DXVOlQGLVFKH *lVWH LQ GHU)LUPD" ±:HQ  KHXWH XQVHU3UlVLGHQW" ±(U HLQHEXQGHVGHXWVFKH 'HOHJDWLRQ±'LH $QWHQQH6LJQDOHDXVGHP:HOWDOO
empfehlen
 GLU GLH )UHXQGLQ PHKU ]X OHVHQ" ± 'X  LKU HLQHQ JXWHQ 'ROPHWVFKHU±'HU$U]WGHP3DWLHQWHQYLHOVSD]LHUHQ]XJHKHQ ±:DVGXPLUDOV+DXVOHNWUH"
erschrecken
'DV0lGFKHQYRUHLQHU6FKODQJH±6LHLPPHUOHLFKW±GX YRUHLQHP+XQG"±(VGRQQHUWXQGEOLW]WXQGGDV.LQG
gelten
'LH%HPHUNXQJPLU±'LH)DKUNDUWH  QLFKW±6HLQ :RUW HWZDV ±(U DOV GHUEHVWH$U]W± 'HU$XJXVW IU LKQDOV VFKZDU]HU7DJ
nehmen
,FKEHLGH3DNHWH XQGGXGHQ.RIIHU± GX QLFKWPHKUDOV Q|WLJ"±:DVHU"±6HLQHQQHXHQ5XFNVDFN
sprechen
 GHLQ9DWHU PLW GHP.ODVVHQOHLWHU" ± 'X  VFKRQ ]LHPOLFK JXW GHXWVFK ±'HLQH.XVLQH IOLHHQG HQJOLVFK± :HU DPEHVWHQ GHXWVFKLQHXUHU.ODVVH"
treffen
,FKIUHXHPLFKVHKUGDVVLFK6LH±6ROFKH0HQVFKHQZLHLKQ PDQ QLFKW RIW ± 'HU 0DOHU  GLH bKQOLFKNHLW VHKU JXW ± 'HU 6FKDXVSLHOHUGLH*HVWDOWGHV)DXVWJXW±LKULKQRIW"
180
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