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Файл:Немецкий язык практическая грамматика. Учебное пособие на немецком языке для студентов первого курса факультета иностранных языков педагогических унив
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ɦɭɡɵɤɭ Ɉɧ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ Ɇɨɣ ɛɪɚɬ
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɥ ɦɚɦɟ ȼɱɟɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɥɨɫɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ
ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ȼɫɬɚɪɨɦ ɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ
ɛɵɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɱɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɥ ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɥ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɫɬɸɦ
ɫɬɨɢɥɜɫɟɝɨɪɭɛɥɟɣɄɚɤ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚɫɶɥɟɤɰɢɹ"
Ɇɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɇɟɜɟ
ɉɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ɇɵ
ɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ
ɉɪɨɡɜɟɧɟɥ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɲɟɥ ɜɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɸ
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±ɑɬɨ"
± Ⱦɚ Ɇɭɠɱɢɧɚ ɜɵɩɪɵɝɧɭɥ ɢɡ ɩɨɟɡɞɚ ȼɦɨɟɦ ɤɭɩɟ ɫɢɞɟɥ
ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɜɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɨɦ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɟ əɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
191

НЕМЕЦКИЙ ЯЗЫК. Практическая грамматика
ɦɢɧɭɬ ɩɨɤɢɧɭɥɚɤɭɩɟ Ⱥɤɨɝɞɚ ɹɜɨɡɜɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɧ ɜɵɩɪɵɝɢɜɚɥ
ɢɡɨɤɧɚɀɟɧɳɢɧɚɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɚɢɫɩɭɝɚɧɧɨɣ±Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɟɨɧɭɠɟ
ɦɟɪɬɜ"
ɉɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ Ɉɧ ɩɨɬɹɧɭɥ ɫɬɨɩɤɪɚɧ GLH
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ɩɨɟɡɞ ɢɩɨɛɟɠɚɥ ɩɨ ɪɟɥɶɫɚɦ ɧɚɡɚɞ Ɇɚɲɢɧɢɫɬ ɢɦɧɨɝɢɟ
ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ ɛɟɠɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɧɢɦ ɢɢɫɤɚɥɢ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɀɟɧɳɢɧɚ
ɬɨɠɟ ɜɵɲɥɚ ɢɡ ɩɨɟɡɞɚ ȼɫɟ ɢɫɤɚɥɢ ɛɟɞɧɹɝɭ ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ
ɧɚɣɬɢ
± Ⱥɝɞɟ ɠɟ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɟɯɚɥɚ ɫɧɢɦ ɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɭɩɟ" ±
ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ
±ɇɢɤɬɨɟɟɧɟɜɢɞɟɥɨɧɚɢɫɱɟɡɥɚ
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚ ɫɬɹɠɟɥɵɦ ɱɟɦɨɞɚɧɨɦ ɜɪɭɤɟ
ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɥɚɫɶɤɫɜɨɟɦɭɞɨɦɭ
±Ɍɚɤɪɚɧɨɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ"±ɫɩɪɨɫɢɥɟɟɦɭɠ
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ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɩɨɬɨɦ ɟɳɟ ɢɞɬɢ ɩɟɲɤɨɦ
əɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɚɩɨɟɡɞɜɩɹɬɢɫɬɚɯɦɟɬɪɚɯɨɬɫɸɞɚ
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ɫɩɚɬɶ ɜɞɜɚ ɱɚɫɚ ɧɨɱɢ ɇɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɹɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɟ
Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɚ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɚ Ɇɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ
ɜɢɞɟɥɢɫɶ Ɉɧ ɨɤɨɧɱɢɥ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɜɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ
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ȼɫɭɛɛɨɬɭɦɵɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɦɫɹɡɚɩɨɤɭɩɤɚɦɢɚɧɚɜɨɫɤɪɟɫɟɧɶɟɭɧɚɫ
ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɬɟɚɬɪ ɉɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɦɧɟ
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