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Файл:Английский язык для информационных технологий. Часть I. Учебное пособие по формированию иноязычной профессиональной компетенции студентов технических
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network is Novell Netware. All the computers connected to a peer-to-peer
network are capable of being the file server. Two examples of peer-to-peer
networks are LANtastic and Windows for Workgroups.
File system – a method for storing and organizing computer files and
the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. File systems
may use a data storage device such as a hard disk or CD-ROM and involve
maintaining the physical location of the files, they might provide access to
data on a file server by acting as clients for a network protocol, or they may
be virtual and exist only as an access method for virtual data.
Firefox – TDI by default can be SDI instead.
GIMPshop – a fork of the GIMP edited to be user-friendlier for
Adobe Photoshop users.
Graphical user interface or GUI – a type of user interface which
allows people to interact with a computer and computer-controlled devices
which employ graphical icons, visual indicators or special graphical elements
called "widgets", along with text, labels or text navigation to represent the
information and actions available to a user.
Hardware – the physical components of a computer system. IDE-
style interface – distinguishable form of Multiple Document.
Intranet – network internal to an organization that uses Internet protocols.
Java GUI – a toolkit which serves as a container for individual frames .
Kernel – the lowest level layer at the core of an operating system. It
deals with allocating hardware resources to the rest of the operating system
and the application programs.
Interface – the hardware or software that connects two systems and
allows them to communicate with each other.
Knowledge base – a collection of information that can be easily
modified, revised and manipulated to enable the user to solve particular
problems.
LAN (Local Area Network) – a network connecting computers in a
relatively small area such as a building.
Logtalk – a programming language which supports private and
protected implementation of an interface.
Mac OS X – a line of graphical operating systems developed,
marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all
currently shipping Macintosh computers.
Macromedia – the program presents a TDI, however, if the
windows are un-maximized it presents an MDI.
Memory – the electronic part of a computer system that is used for
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temporarily storing the programs and data that are being used by the
processor
Metadata – data about data in a document.
Microkernel – a minimal computer operating system kernel which, in its
purest form, provides no operating-system services at all, only the mechanisms
needed to implement such services, such as low-level address space management,
thread management, and inter-process communication (IPC).
Microsoft Word 2003 – a single instance of an MDI Application.
Minix – a compact Unix clone written as a teaching aid by Professor
Andy Tannenbaum.
Modal window – is a child window, which requires the user to
interact with it before they can return to operating the parent application.
Monolithic kernel – a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is
run in kernel space in supervisor mode.
Network interface card (NIC) – a board that provides network
communication capabilities to and from a computer.
Network modem – a modem connected to a Local Area Network
(LAN) that is accessible from any workstation on the network.
Lunix – a clone of the Unix operating system created by Linus
Torvalds for use on personal computers.
Microsoft – the common name for the Microsoft Corporation. The
company founded by Bill Gates that developed the MS-DOS and Windows
operating systems and a variety of software commonly used on desktop
computers.
Network operating system (NOS) – operating system designed to
pass information and communicate between more computers. Examples
include AppleShare, Novell NetWare, and Windows NT Server.
Neural net (work) – an artificial intelligence system that is capable
of developing rules from given input so that it learns how to deal with more
complex input.
Node – End of a network connection. Nodes include any device
attached to a network such as file servers, printers, or workstations.
Node devices – any computer or peripheral that is connected to the
network.
Nooks – a reliability subsystem that seeks to greatly enhance OS
reliability by isolating the OS from driver failures.
Notepad++ –TDI
Objective-C – a class in a programming language, which consists of, its
interface, specified in a header file, and the implementation in the source file.
292
OCR – abbreviation for optical character recognition.
Opera – MDI combined with TDI.
Optical character recognition – a process that enables a computer
to scan and recognize printed characters using the reflection of light.
Orthogonal persistence – refers to inherent support provided by a
programming language or operating system of a computer that enables the
state of programs written in a persistent programming language, or of the
operating system itself, to remain persistent even after a crash or unexpected
shutdown.
OS (Operating System) – the set of programs that control the basic
functions of a computer and provide communication between the application
programs and the hardware.
Peer-to-peer network – a network in which resources and files are
shared without a centralized management source.
Persistence – refers to the characteristic of data that outlives the
execution of the program that created it.
Persistent storage (PSD) – the ability for a device to maintain data
even when it is turned off.
Point-to-point –– a direct link between two objects in a network.
Processor – the part of a computer that processes the data.
Protocol – a set of standards for software used with internal look-up
tables in a TCP/IP network for routing data through a gateway between
networks restore.
Route – to move data from node to node on a network.
Router – an electronic device that links different networks or parts
of a network.
RTOS (Real-Time Operating System) – A real-time operating
system (RTOS) is an operating system that guarantees a certain capability
within a specified time constraint.
Sandboxing – a popular technique for creating confined execution
environments, which could be used for running untrusted programs.
SDI (single document interface) – in graphical user interfaces - a
method of organizing graphical user interface applications into individual
windows that the operating system's window manager handles separately.
Segment – refers to a section of cable on a network. In Ethernet
networks, two types of segments are defined. A populated or trunk segment
is a network cable that has one or more nodes attached to it. A link segment
is a cable that connects a computer to an interconnecting device, such as a
repeater or concentrator, or connects a interconnecting device to another
293
interconnecting device.
Software – the programs and data used in a computer.
Software package – a bundle of one or several files that either are
necessary for the execution of a computer program, or add features for a
program already installed on the computer or network of computers.
Task manager – a program used to provide information about the
processes and programs running on a computer, as well as the general status
of the computer.
Taskbar – a term for the application desktop bar which is used to
launch and monitor applications in Microsoft Windows 95 and later versions.
Other desktop environments also feature similar interface elements.
TDI (tabbed document interface) – one that allows multiple
documents to be contained within a single window, using tabs to navigate
between them. It is an interface style most commonly associated with web
browsers, web applications, text editors and preference panes.
Token ring – a network protocol developed by IBM in which
computers access the network through token passing. Usually uses a starwired ring topology.
Twisted pair – network cabling that consists of four pairs of wires
that are manufactured with the wires twisted to certain specifications.
Available in shielded and unshielded versions.
UltraEdit –combination of MDI & TDI (a true MDI interface with a
tab bar for quick access).
Usability – a term used to denote the ease with which people can
employ a particular tool or other human-made object in order to achieve a
particular goal.
Verify – to check for accuracy.
Virtual – computer-simulated enabling the user to experience
something without needing its physical presence.
Virus – a program written with the purpose of causing damage or
causing a computer to behave in an unusual way
Visual Studio 6 development environment – a typical modern
implementation of MDI.
Visual Studio NET – MDI or TDI with "Window" menu, but not both.
WAN (Wide Area Network) – a network connecting computers
within very large areas, such as states, countries, and the world.
Web – common name for the World Wide Web.
Windows – a graphical user interface operating system front-end to
MS-DOS developed by the Microsoft Corporation. It has been gradually
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developed into a full operating system.
Windows XP – a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft
for use on general-purpose computer systems, including home and business
desktops, notebook computers, and media centers.
Workgroup – a collection of workstations and servers on a LAN
that are designated to communicate and exchange data with one another.
Workstation – a computer connected to a network at which users
interact with software stored on the network.
Worm – a self-replicating computer program. It uses a network to
send copies of itself to other nodes (computer terminals on the network) and
it may do so without any user intervention.
XML – abbreviation for extensible markup language.
295
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УЧЕБНОЕ ИЗДАНИЕ
А. Р. Нурутдинова
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ДЛЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ
ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
ЧАСТЬ I
Ответственный за выпуск Д. А. Романов
299
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технологического университета
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