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Файл:Английский язык для магистрантов в сфере компьютерных наук = English Master’s Course In Computer Science. Учебное пособие
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Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации
Омский государственный педагогический университет
Учебное пособие
Омск
Издательство ОмГПУ
2019
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
Печатается по решению редакционноиздательского совета Омского государственного педагогического университета
Г603
Голерова, С. Н.
Г603
Английский язык для магистрантов в сфере компьютерных
наук = English Master’s Course In Computer Science : учеб. пособие / С. Н. Голерова. – Омск : Изд-во ОмГПУ, 2019. – 82 с.
ISBN 978-5-8268-2200-5
Пособие направлено на развитие навыков и умений общения на английском языке в академической, деловой и профессиональной сферах, развитие
стратегий чтения и перевода специальных текстов, извлечения важной информации из оригинальных текстов по специальности, а также аннотирования
и реферирования аутентичных текстов.
Предназначено для магистрантов факультета компьютерных наук и факультета естественных наук, а также для аспирантов и слушателей специальных курсов в сфере компьютерных наук.
УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73
ISBN 978-5-8268-2200-5
© Голерова С. Н., 2019
© Омский государственный
педагогический университет, 2019
Предисловие . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Unit I. Postgraduate Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Unit II. Masters in Computer Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Unit III. Work Culture and Business Etiquette . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Unit IV. Machine translation vs. human translation . . . . . . . . .37
Appendix I. Presenting a Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Appendix II. Rendering an Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Appendix III. Translator’s Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
List of Reference Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Internet Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Учебное пособие «Английский язык для магистрантов в сфере
компьютерных наук / English Master’s Course In Computer ScienceMaster’s Course In Computer Science’s Course In Computer Sciences Course In Computer Science Course In Computer ScienceCourse In Computer Science In Computer ScienceScience
предназначено для организации аудиторной и внеаудиторной работы по дисциплинам «Иностранный язык и «Перевод специальных
текстов на английском языке с целью развития навыков и умений
общения на английском языке в академической, деловой и профессиональной сферах, развития стратегий чтения и перевода специ-
альных текстов, извлечения важной информации из оригинальных
текстов по специальности, а также аннотирования и реферирования
аутентичных текстов.
Пособие состоит из четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduate состоит из четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduateсостоит из четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduate из четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduateиз четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduate четырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduateчетырех разделов: �nit I. Postgraduate разделов: �nit I. Postgraduateразделов: �nit I. Postgraduate: �nit I. Postgraduate
Studies, �nit II. Masters in Computer Science, �nit III. Work Culture.
Business Etiquette, �nit IV. Machine translation vs. human translation.
Каждый раздел содержит аутентичные тексты, отобранные в соответствии с учебной программой подготовки магистрантов на факультете компьютерных наук ОмГУ, а также разнообразные упражнения и задания, направленные на развитие и совершенствование лексических и грамматических навыков, отработку языковых
и коммуникативных умений, формирования навыков перевода специальных текстов.
Пособие оснащено тремя приложениями. Материалы (инструкции и речевые клише), обучающие представлению результатов научного исследования собраны в приложении Presenting a ResearchPresenting a Research a Researcha Research ResearchResearch
(Appendi I). Cтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемымAppendi I). Cтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемым I). Cтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемымI). Cтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемым). Cтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемымCтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемымтатьи публицистического характера по изучаемым
темам и алгоритм для их реферирования представлены в приложении Rendering an Article (Appendi II). приложении Translator’sRendering an Article (Appendi II). приложении Translator’s an Article (Appendi II). приложении Translator’san Article (Appendi II). приложении Translator’s Article (Appendi II). приложении Translator’sArticle (Appendi II). приложении Translator’s (Appendi II). приложении Translator’sAppendi II). приложении Translator’s II). приложении Translator’sII). приложении Translator’s). приложении Translator’sTranslator’s’ss
Tips (Appendi III) сформулированы основные правила и советы (Appendi III) сформулированы основные правила и советыAppendi III) сформулированы основные правила и советы III) сформулированы основные правила и советыIII) сформулированы основные правила и советы) сформулированы основные правила и советы
для переводчика.
4
Пособие основывается на принципах интерактивного подхода
и включает методики и технологии, направленные на развитие критического мышления магистрантов, навыков исследовательской работы, общекультурной и профессиональной компетенции, а также
на повышение мотивации к изучению иностранного языка.
Учебное пособие предназначено для магистрантов факультета
компьютерных наук и естественных факультетов, а также для аспирантов и слушателей специальных курсов в сфере компьютерных наук.
Education is the passport to the future,
for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.
The whole purpose of education is to turn mirrors into windows.
I. Discuss the ideas:
1) What does postgraduate education involve?
2) Does postgraduate education vary in different countries?
3) What is its organization in most countries?
4) Do postgraduate programs require any eaminations?
5) Are there different Master’s degrees?
6) What is the structure of postgraduate education in Russia?
7) What postgraduate degrees are awarded in Russia?
II. Read and translate the text below and find out if your
answers are right or wrong.
Use the introductory phrases, like:
Exactly
Just the opposite.
6
I don’t think so.
That’s wrong.
That’s right.
It’s (partly) true.
POSTGRADUATE DEGREES
Postgraduate education involves learning and studying for degrees
or other qualifications for which a first or Bachelor’s degree is generally
required. The organization and structure of postgraduate education varies
in different countries, and also in different institutions within countries.
In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows:
1. Master’s degrees. These are sometimes placed in a further hierarchy,
starting with degrees such as the Master of Arts (MA) and Master of
Science (MSc), then Master of Philosophy (MPhil) and finally Master of
Letters (MLitt). An MPhil is similar to a PhD, but lower in the academic
pecking order. It is still well respected, but you won’t get to call yourself
‘The Doctor’. An MLitt may be awarded as an alternative to the Master of
Philosophy research degree and is usually placed higher in the hierarchy.
In contrast to other master’s degrees, an MLitt is not that common and just
awarded by select universities, mainly in the �K, Ireland and Australia.
A master’s programme usually lasts one or two years, ecept for
integrated master’s degrees which take place over four or five years. The
reason for the difference is that an integrated master’s is essentially an
undergraduate degree with the add-on of a final master’s year. It’s like
ordering a meal deal at McDonald’s rather than paying for your fries
and drinks separately – ecept your university education doesn’t come
dipped in fat.
Many Master’s students will perform research culminating in
a paper, presentation, and defence of their research. This is called the
Master’s thesis.
2. Doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a PhD
(Doctor of Philosophy). In the contet of academic degrees, the term
philosophy does not refer solely to the field of philosophy, but is used
in a broader sense in accordance with its original Greek meaning, which
is love of wisdom.
Doctoral programmes often require students to pass more
eaminations. Programmes often require a Qualifying Eamination, a
PhD Candidacy Eamination, or a General Eamination, designed to
students’ grasp of a broad sample of their discipline, and/or one or several
Special Field Eaminations which test students in their narrower selected
areas of specialty within the discipline. These eams must be passed to be
7
allowed to proceed on to the thesis. The criteria for award of Doctorates
vary somewhat throughout the world, but typically require the submission
of a substantial body of original research undertaken by the candidate.
Habilitation (lat. habilis – fit, proper, skilful) is the highest academic
qualification a scholar can achieve by his or her own pursuit in several
European and Asian countries. Earned after obtaining a research
Doctorate, such as a PhD, habilitation requires the candidate to write
a professorial thesis/dissertation (often known as a Habilitation thesis/
dissertation) based upon independent scholarship, reviewed by and
defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that
for the doctoral dissertation. However, a Habilitation dissertation must
be accomplished independently, in contrast with a PhD dissertation
typically directed or guided by a faculty supervisor.
Habilitation qualification (Habil. Dr.) eists in France, Switzerland,
Germany, Austria, Denmark, Bulgaria, Poland, Portugal, Sweden,
Finland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan,
�zbekistan, �kraine, Belarus, and Russia (Doktor nauk). Those who
have achieved habilitation can denote the fact by placing the abbreviation
Dr hab. or Dr habil. before their names.
Many post-Soviet countries, including Russian Federation, have a twostage research degree obtaining path, generally similar to the doctorate
system in Europe. The first stage is named Kandidat nauk (literal translation
means Candidate of Sciences). According to par. 262 International
Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) �NESCO 2011, Candidate
of Sciences is equivalent to Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree as awarded
in many English-speaking countries. It allows its holders to reach the level
of the Associate Professor (Docent). The Candidate of Sciences degree
requires at least (and typically more than) three, four or five years of
postgraduate research which is finished by defence of a dissertation or a
thesis. The second stage is Doktor nauk (Doctor of Sciences). It requires
many years of research eperience and writing a second dissertation.
The degrees of Candidate and Doctor of Sciences are only awarded
by the special governmental agency (Higher Attestation Commission).
A university or a scientific institute where the thesis was defended can
only recommend awarding a seeker the sought degree.
8
III. Complete the following sentences with details from the Text.
1. Master’s degree programmes usually include ____________ .
2. The degree of an academic doctorate is called ___________ .
3. Eaminations are required to test _____________________ .
4. Typically a doctorate degree takes ___________ to complete.
5. _________________ is earned after obtaining a PhD degree.
6. The first stage research degree in Russia is _____________ .
7. The second stage research degree in Russia is ___________ .
IV. Correct the following sentences so that they are true to the
text in task II.
1. Postgraduate education includes Bachelor’s degrees, Master’s
degrees, and Doctor’s degrees.
2. Doctoral degree programmes require students to pass a qualifying
eamination, a comprehensive eamination, a special field eamination,
and a PhD candidacy eamination.
3. Habilitation qualification eists in France, Austria, Denmark,
Bulgaria, Great Britain, Poland, Russia and other countries.
V. Give the translation of the following words and word
combinations.
Graduate (from), undergraduate, postgraduate (student), take a
postgraduate course, postgraduate education, degree, Bachelor’s degree,
Master’s degree, PhD degree, Doctoral degree, Doctorate, award a degree,
earn a degree, hold a degree, a degree holder, research, perform/conduct/
do/undertake/carry out research, thesis, dissertation, defend a thesis/
a dissertation, defence of one’s thesis/dissertation, science, scientist,
scholar, scholarship, proceed, require, requirement, submit, submission,
assess, assessment, habilitation, adviser, supervisor, academic/research
adviser (supervisor), accomplish, seek (sought), degree seeker, sought
degree, benefit, diverse, diversity, skill, skilful, skilled, translate into
practice, employ, employer, employee, employment, unemployment,
involve, term, in terms of.
VI. Mark the main ideas of the text “Postgraduate Degrees” and
retell it in English.
9
VII. Read and translate the following sentences into Russian
to have a better idea of how the words from task V can be used in
context. Pay attention to grammar.
1. He will graduate from the �niversity in May. 2. She was
a graduate of Novosibirsk Technical �niversity. 3. The National Science
Foundation makes possible a number of opportunities for undergraduates
to participate in research projects each year. 4. This Programme provides
financial support to postgraduate students of eceptional research
promise. 5. He decided to take a postgraduate course at Australia’s
Griffith �niversity. 6. This university is an international leader in
postgraduate education. 7. I have a degree in computer science from
Omsk State �niversity. 8. Doing a Bachelor’s degree online is great for
students who need to attend classes on their own time, or for those who
are simply uninterested in a more traditional campus life. 9. A Master’s
degree is now essential to access the higher level jobs. 10. A PhD degree,
sometimes referred to as a Doctorate, is a postgraduate qualification that
takes between two and five years to complete in the �K. 11. He was
awarded his Doctoral degree in physics. 12. How much does a degree
holder in business information technology earn? 13. They published the
results of their research. 14. He is researching in history. 15. My friend
is doing (carrying out) research into (on) the effects of stress at work.
16. I am writing my thesis on computer science. 17. You will defend
your thesis on the appointed date. 18. Science and technology have
continually modified human eistence through the engineering process.
19. She won a scholarship to study at Oford �niversity. 20. After the
interruption, she proceeded with her presentation. 21. Some higher
education qualifications require that you already have a Bachelor’s
degree. 22. The minimum entry requirement for any postgraduate study
is a successful completion of a Bachelor’s degree or equivalent study.
23. He submitted his application to undertake postgraduate study online.
24. No date has yet been set for the submission of applications. 25. The
eaminers will be required to submit a detailed assessment of the thesis.
26. In order to hold the rank of professor within the German system, in
some scientific branches it is necessary to attain the habilitation. 27. My
postgraduate adviser always helps me with my thesis. 28. My supervisor
guides me on all aspects of my postgraduate studies. 29. Scholarships
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