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Файл:Английский язык для магистрантов в сфере компьютерных наук = English Master’s Course In Computer Science. Учебное пособие
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VIII. Speaking. Rendering.
Render the article “Are women doing better or worse in IT since
Ada Lovelace?” (Appendi II, Tet 2).
IX. A CV (curriculum vitae [kə′rikjələm ′vi:tai]) or a resume
([′rezjumei]; AmE) is a summary of your personal details, educational
qualifications, and work experience. It is usually sent when applying
for a study programme or a job. Practise the following dialogue
about writing a CV.
A personnel officer gives advice on writing CVs
A.: Mrs Wright, tell me about CVs, please. What are the key things
to include?
W.: Well, you should start with brief personal details, of course. You
know, name, age, and so on. Marital status is OK too, but no names of
children or pets.
A.: And net comes education, I suppose?
W.: Yeah. You ought to list the schools and institutions you’ve
attended in chronological order. Make sure that the dates make sense.
Don’t forget details of the qualifications you obtained. Remember to
put down your grades too.
A.: I see. And would you advise people to include copies of their
qualifications, and so on?
W.: No, they don’t need to do that, not at this stage.
A.: Right. Now for the part of the CV which deals with work
eperience. Should we go through this in chronological order or start
with the most recent, or current job first?
W.: I would definitely say begin with the present or most recent job
first. Then work backwards. Give a brief description of each job and try
to list one or two achievements.
A.: That’s hard if you’re still a student, isn’t it?
W.: True, but you can still mention things like “I was secretary of the
Anglo-German society” or give details of any part-time or holiday jobs.
A.: Oh, and one last question. What about a photograph?
W.: Well, it can go on an application form or with a covering letter, but
there’s no reason why you can’t put it on your CV. If I were a job seeker, I’d
invest in a studio photograph – one that made me look as good as possible,
21
rather than one from a machine. And of course, never send a picture of you
on the beach or at a party – people have sent me some amazing things!
X. Speaking. Work in pairs.
Discuss some problems involved in writing a CV. Make up
dialogues.
XI. Study the parts and some features of the following CV.
NAME
ADDRESS
TELEPHONE N�MBER
E-MAIL ADDRESS
DATE OF BIRTH
ED�CATION
2011 to present
2009–2011
2005–2009
2008
2000– 2005
WORK EXPERIENCE
August 2012 to present
October 2009 – June 2011
January 2006 – May 2008
March 2006 – April 2008
Michael Danford
54 Dryfield Road, Oford, CB4 5DS, �K
01254 2386254
mdanford@mail.uk
22 March 1989
�niversity of Brighton, PhD degree course
Oford Brookes �niversity, Master of Science
in Architecture (Design Research)
Oford College of Architecture, Bachelor
of Science in Architecture (Landscape
Architecture)
Certificate of French Language Centre,
�niversity of London (General Course)
Watford Comprehensive School, General
Certificate of Secondary Education: English,
Mathematics, General Science, design and
Technology, French, Art, and History
Research assistant at the Architecture & Interior
Design Co.
Landscaper at Design Victoria, Oford
Temporary job as a designer at Morris’s Design
Organisation, Inc., Oford
Saturday and holiday job making drawings at
DMI, Oford
22
OTHER INFORMATION English – native, French – fluent;
driving licence
INTERESTS
REFERENCE Dr. J. Smith
developing CAD programmes, member of the
town football team, photography, and playing
the piano
Head of the Department of architecture
Oford College of Architecture
Richmond Street
Oford BC 9 8YB
XII. How is a CV different in Russia?
XIII. Write your own CV in English using qualifications you
already have, or ones that you think you might get.
XIV. Read the texts about most common job interview mistakes
a candidate for employment can make. Complete the texts with the
words given in the boxes.
1. Dressing Inappropriately. Dressing Inappropriately Dressing Inappropriately
to look garb polished the position
casual attire wearcasual attire wear attire wearattire wear wearwear
When being interviewed for a job, it’s imperative to look profes-
sional and (1)_______. Although your (2)_______ may vary based on
(3)_______ you’re applying for – for eample, you should (4)______
business (5)_______ clothing to an interview for a non-professional job
or startup casual (6)_______ to an interview at a small startup compa-
ny – it’s important (7)_______ well-dressed and put together, no matter what the company.
2. Arriving Late. Arriving Late Arriving Late
lack of respect a bad interviewer
landing a job poor late comes up
Everyone knows that first impressions are very important in (1)
_______, but did you know that you can make (2)_______ first impression
23
before you even arrive at your interview? Running late not only suggests
(3)_______ time management skills, but shows a (4)_______ for the
company, the position, and even your (5)_______. Go the etra length
to make sure that you aren’t (6)_______, and arrive on time, or even
early. Budget your time so that you make it to the interview five to ten
minutes early. That way, if something unforeseen (7)_______ on your
way over to your interview, you’ll have some cushion time.
3. Bringing a Drink With You
maintainingt a sipt to fuel upt enter
gives wayt focusedt distraction
Ditch the coffee, soda, or water bottle before you (1)_______ your
interview. If you need (2)_______, do it before you get to the interview.
Not only is it unprofessional to enter with a drink, but during your interview, you should be (3)_______ on the task at hand: making a good
impression, answering questions, (4)_______ eye contact with your potential employer, and paying attention throughout the entire interviewing process. Having a drink in front of you creates the opportunity for
(5)_______ – fiddling with the cup, or missing a question while taking
(6)_______, for eample. And although it may be a relatively unlikely possibility, bringing a drink into your interview also (7)_______ to
other unsightly accidents–like spilling the drink on the desk, on you, or
even your interviewer!
4. Fuzzy Resume Facts. Fuzzy Resume Facts Fuzzy Resume Facts
accurate to recall to complete
prior applied for submitted
Even if you have (1)_______ a resume when you (2)_______ the job,
you may also be asked to fill out a job application. Make sure you know
the information you will need (3)_______ an application including dates
of (4)_______ employment, graduation dates, and employer contact
information. It’s understandable that some of your older eperiences
may be hard (5)_______. Review the facts before your interview. If
you need to, take the time to recreate your employment history, so your
24
resume is(6)_______. It can be helpful to keep a copy of your resume
for yourself to refer to during your interview, although certainly don’t
use it as a crutch. Of course, you should never «fudge any facts on your
resume. The more truthful you are on your resume, the better you will
be able to discuss your past eperience during your interview.
5. Not Paying Attention
well-rested zone out focus
lean slipping away alert
Don’t let yourself (1)_______ during an interview. Make sure you
are(2)_______, (3)_______, and prepared for your interview. Getting
distracted and missing a question looks bad on your part. If you zone
out, your potential employer will wonder how you will be able to stay
focused during a day on the job, if you can’t even (4)_______ during
one interview. If you feel your attention (5)_______, make an effort
to stay engaged. Maintain eye contact, (6)_______ forward slightly
when talking to your interviewer, and make an active effort to listen
effectively. While you may have no problem paying attention in a oneon-one interview in a private office, it’s harder to stay in tune with the
interviewer when you’re meeting in a public place.
6. Talking Too Much
delve into succinct goes on ramble
life story sidetracked genial
There is nothing much worse than interviewing someone who (1)
_______ and on. The interviewer really doesn’t need to know your whole
(2)_______. Keep your answers (3)_______, to-the-point and focused
and don’t (4)_______ – simply answer the question. Don’t get (5)_____
__ and start talking about your personal life–your spouse, your home life,
or your children are not topics you should (6)________. No matter how
warm, welcoming, or (7)_______ your interviewer may be, an interview
is a professional situation – not a personal one. Avoid this mistake by
using nonverbal communication to impress your potential employer.
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7. Not Being Prepared to Answer Questions
allotted aptitude to expect
off guard at all costs take at
Your interviewer is probably going to ask you more than just the
basics about where you worked, and when. To get a feel of your (1)
_______ for a job, your interviewer is going to take advantage of the
(2)_______ time and flesh out everything he or she needs to know about
you as an employee. Don’t let yourself be caught (3)_______. Prepare
for your interview by reviewing what questions(4)_______, and how to
answer them. Be prepared with a list of questions to ask the employer so
you’re ready when you asked if you have questions for the interviewer.
(5)_______ questions you should not ask during a job interview and the
worst interview answers that you should avoid (6)_______.
8. Badmouthing Past Employers
fall back on terms interviewer
coworkers hard review
Don’t make the mistake of badmouthing your boss or coworkers.
It’s sometimes a smaller world than you think and you don’t know who
your (1)_______ might know, including that boss who you think is
an idiot. You also don’t want the interviewer to think that you might
speak that way about his or her company if you leave (2)_______ that
aren’t the best. When interviewing for a job, you want your employer to
know that you can work well with other people and handle conflicts in
a mature and effective way, rather than badmouthing your (3)_______
or talking about other people’s incompetence. When you’re asked (4)
_______ questions, like «Tell me about a time that you didn’t work well
with a supervisor. What was the outcome and how would you have
changed the outcome? or «Have you worked with someone you didn’t
like? If so, how did you handle it? don’t (5)_______ on badmouthing
other people. Instead, (6)_______ how to answer difficult questions.
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XV. Using the texts above, write down some pieces of advice for
an applicant. What should (shouldn’t) a candidate for employment
do during a job interview?
XVI. In pairs, discuss some other mistakes a candidate for
employment should avoid.
XVII. Speaking. Rendering.
Render the article “Get Some Great Phone Interview Tips” by Ali-
son Doyle (Appendi II, Tet 3).
Risk comes from not knowing what you are doing.
Good manners will open doors that the best education cannot.
I. Discuss the ideas:
You’ve just started working for a new company. Do you:
• wear your best clothes or wear jeans and a T-shirt like all the other
employees? Why?
• stop work at five o’clock like everyone else or stay longer to fin-
ish your work? Why?
• share your ideas and opinions at staff meetings immediately or say
nothing like most of your colleagues? Why?
II. Scan the article to find:
1. what eperiment the monkey demonstrated.
2. seven eamples of unwritten rules.
3. what new staff learn about work culture and how they learn it.
Monkey business?
Scientists put a group of five monkeys in a cage. At the top of a
ladder, they hung a banana. As soon as a monkey climbed the ladder,
he was showered with cold water; the group soon gave up trying to
reach the banana. Net, the scientists disconnected the cold water and
replaced one of the five monkeys. When the new monkey tried to climb
the ladder, the others immediately pulled him down and gave him a good
beating. The new monkey learned quickly, and enthusiastically joined
in beating the net new recruit. One by one, the five original monkeys
were replaced. Although none of the new group knew why, no monkey
was ever allowed to climb the ladder.
Like the monkeys in the eperiment, every culture and organization
has its unwritten rules. These rules are probably the single most
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influential factor on the work environment and employee happiness.
Though many work cultures embrace positive values, such as loyalty,
solidarity, efficiency, quality, personal development and customer
service, all too often they reinforce negative attitudes.
In many businesses, an unwritten rule states that working long
hours is more important than achieving results. In one medium-sized
company, the boss never leaves the office until it is dark. Outside in
the car park, he checks to see who is still working and whose office
windows are dark. Staff who risk leaving earlier now leave their office
lights on all night. Other common unwritten rules state that the boss is
always right, even when he’s wrong; if you’re not at your desk, you’re
not working; nobody complains, because nothing ever changes; women,
ethnic minorities and the over 50s are not promoted; the customer is
king, but don’t tell anyone, because management are more interested
in profitability.
Often nobody really knows where these unwritten rules came from,
but like the new monkeys, new recruits pick them up very quickly,
despite the best intentions of induction and orientation programmes.
The way staff speak to management, to customers and to each other
gives subtle but strategic clues to an organization’s culture, as do the
differences between what is said, decided or promised, and what actually
gets done. New staff quickly learn when their ideas and opinions are
listened to and valued, and when it’s better to keep them to themselves.
They learn which assignments and aspects of their performance will be
checked and evaluated, and whose objectives and instructions they can
safely ignore. Monkeys may be so more direct, but work culture is every
bit as effective at enforcing unwritten rules as a good beating.
III. In small groups, discuss the questions:
1. What do you think organizations and companies can do to avoid
negative unwritten rules?
2. What unwritten rules do you imagine you might encounter in
your country as an intern in:
• a government department?
• a small start-up firm?
• an IT company?
29
Think about:
• office etiquette, e.g. dress code, punctuality, personal calls, coffee
and lunch breaks.
• relationships with colleagues, management and clients / business
partners.
• autonomy and initiative.
3. Which work culture above would you prefer to work in? Which
would be the most difficult to adapt to? Why?
IV. Do the questionnaire from a business magazine. Mark the
statements T (true), F (false) or D (it depends). Then compare and
justify your answers. Talk about how different cultural and business
contexts affect your answers.
Office Etiquette Questionnaire
1. It is perfectly acceptable to call the boss
by their first name.
2. You should never socialize with managers
after work.
3. If a superior asks you to bring coffee for
a visitor, you can tell them politely it’s not
your job.
4. Personal calls are acceptable only at certain
times of the day.
5. Staying late at the office to finish your work
is a sign of inefficiency.
6. In meetings it is advisable for junior staff
to speak only when invited to do so.
7. It is OK to offer suggestions to superiors
about how to improve the business.
8. It is not advisable to have a romantic
relationship with a co-worker.
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□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
□ True □ False
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