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Файл:Английский язык для информационных технологий. Часть I. Учебное пособие по формированию иноязычной профессиональной компетенции студентов технических
.pdf
• timing mark
• accumulate
• accumulator
• compare
• comparer
• content
• involve
• core
• add feed
• added
• adder
• at least
1.8. Answer the following questions:
1. What are the functional units of CPU?
2. What is the function of CU?
3. How does CU operate?
4. What is the function of a counter?
5. What role does a decoder play?
6. What is the sequence of CU operations?
7. What is the function of the arithmetic-logical unit?
8. What operations are performed by ALU?
9. What primary components does ALU consist of?
10. What is the function of an accumulator / comparer?
II. WRITING
2.1. Write the English equivalents of the given Russian words,
word combinations, and make up sentences:.
Функциональные блоки; устройство управления; арифметикологическое устройство; управлять работой всей системы; получать
команды; основная память; посылать сигналы; считывать команды
поэтапно; таким образом; временно сохранять информацию; производить
пометки через равные промежутки времени; последовательность
операций; регистр памяти; регистр команд; адресный регистр; счетчик;
датчик; дешифратор; адрес операнда; адресный регистр,
высокоскоростной двоичный сумматор; по крайней мере; вычитание;
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сложение; умножение; деление; принимать решения; результаты
сравнения.
2.2. Write the Russian equivalents of the given English words,
word combinations, and make up sentences:.
Register: address register; base register; clock register; command /
instruction register; counter register; CPU register; hardware register; input /
output register; memory register; operand register; general-purpose register;
special-purpose register.
Counter: binary counter; character counter; data counter; instruction
counter; pulse counter; sequence counter; storage counter; software counter;
time-out counter.
Selection: color selection; directory selection; drive selection; file
selection; function selection; keyboard selection; menu selection; security
selection.
Management: data management; database management; disk
management; error management; information management; memory
management; network management; resource management; task
management; window management.
2.3. Complete the sentences using
behavior, real-time requirements, inter-task communication and
synchronization, time management, real-time system, dynamic memory
allocation, timer, device I/O Supervisor:
__________ operates in constrained environment in which computer
memory and processing power are limited.
__________ impose stringent time deadlines for delivering the
results of embedded processing.
The RTOS __________ supplies five main categories of basic
services to application software.
Services in __________ include the ability to launch tasks and assign
priorities to them.
Without the help of __________ service, tasks might communicate
corrupted information or otherwise interfere with each other.
Some basic __________ services provided by RTOS kernels are
kernel, deterministic timing
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delays and time-outs. __________ allows tasks to borrow chunks of RAM
he works hard.
memory for temporary use in application software.
A uniform framework for organizing and accessing hardware device
drivers are provided by __________ .
In the real-time operating systems there is a need for __________
that means that operating system services consume only known and expected
amounts of time.
III. ПОВТОРЕНИЕ ГРАММАТИКИ
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в
одном из настоящих времен, то сказуемое придаточного предложения
может быть выражено глаголом в любом времени, которое требуется по
смыслу:
Sequence of Tenses
Не says (that)
Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголом в одном
из прошедших времен, то глагол придаточного предложения должен быть
употреблен также в одном из прошедших времен.
При этом соблюдаются три правила:
1. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного
предложения, одновременно действию главного предложения, в
придаточном предложении может быть употреблено The Past
Indefinite (Simple) или The Past Continuous (Progressive) Tense:
Mary said she was planning to take a trip.
Мэри сказала, что планирует совершить путешествие.
Jim felt he was sleepy.
Джим чувствовал, что засыпает.
2.
Несмотря на то что глаголы в английском придаточном предложении
стоят в прошедшем времени, они переводятся на русский язык глаголами
в настоящем времени, т.к. в русском языке при одновременности
he's working hard.
he worked hard.
he will work hard и т.д.
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действий в главном и придаточном предложениях глагол в придаточном
предложении употребляется в настоящем времени:
Sally said she didn't like chocolate.
Сэлли сказала, что не любит шоколад.
3. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного
предложения, предшествует действию глагола главного
предложения, то глагол придаточного предложения употребляется в
форме Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:
He thought he had seen her somewhere.
Он думал, что уже где-то ее видел.
The manager knew I'd been working for the same company for 12
years.
Управляющий знал, что я работал на эту компанию уже 12 лет.
4. Если действие, выраженное глаголом-сказуемым придаточного
предложения, является будущим по отношению к действию глагола
главного предложения, то глагол в придаточном предложении
употребляется в форме Future in the Past:
He thought he would come to the meeting.
Он думал, что придет на собрание.
I supposed I should visit my aunt and uncle.
Я предполагал навестить своих тетю и дядю.
Ниже приводятся еще некоторые примеры согласования
времен со структурой to be going to и модальными глаголами:
Mr Rice said he was going to Chicago.
Мистер Раис сказал, что собирается в Чикаго.
Jean considered she couldn't afford to buy a new car.
Джейн полагала, что не может себе позволить купить новую машину.
Martha supposed she might go to the library.
Марта думала, что может пойти в библиотеку.
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Правило согласования времен не действует в следующих
случаях:
1. Если сказуемое в придаточном предложении выражает
общеизвестное положение или факт:
The teacher told the children that the earth is round.
Учитель сказал детям, что Земля - круглая.
2. Если в придаточном предложении указано время
совершения действия:
Linda said she called her doctor 2 hours ago.
Линда сказала, что звонила доктору 2 часа назад.
3. Если в состав сказуемого в придаточном предложении
входят некоторые модальные глаголы:
Sue said she must talk to Pr Reed.
Сью сказала, что должна поговорить с профессором Ридом
I said he should talk to you (he ought to talk to you).
Я сказала, что ему надо поговорить с тобой.
I said he needn't talk to you.
Я сказала, что ему не надо говорить с тобой.
4. В сложноподчиненных предложениях, в придаточных
которых употребляется сослагательное наклонение:
Не said that if he had time he would go to the pictures.
Он сказал, что, если бы у него было время, он сходил бы в кино.
IV. GRAMMAR IN USE
4.1. Translate the sentences in the written form, pay attention to
the use of the modal verbs, make up your own sentences:
1. Computers can replace people in dull routine work.
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2. The program is a set of instructions that may also include data to be
processed.
3. Computer-controlled robots must increase the productivity of industry.
4. They can help in making different decisions.
5. The pupils may work with computers at the lessons.
6. Electric pulses can move at the speed of light.
7. Storage devices must have capacities for the input, output data and
programs and for intermediate results.
8. Business minicomputers can perform to 100 million operations per second.
9. In order to solve scientific problems researchers must deal with the
language of science — mathematics.
10. Programmers must write application programs in a way that
computers can understand.
4.2. Translate the English words and word combinations, make up
sentences:
Verbs:
to work; to control; to receive; to keep; to send; to perform;
to demand; to choose; to supply; to pass; to name; to include; to apply; to
come back; to found; to explain; to form; to define; to arrange.
Nouns:
information; state; aim; heart; solution; computation.
Adjectives:
(storage); following; every; following; specific; different; real
4.3. Refresh your grammar. Translate the following sentences:
I. Having returned to the accumulator the results of arithmetic
operations are transferred to main storage. The results of arithmetic operations
are returned to the accumulator, the storage register transferring them to main
memory. The results of arithmetic operations being returned to the accumulator,
the storage register transfers them to main memory. Being returned to the
accumulator the results of arithmetic operations are transferred to main memory.
II. When passing through a conductor free electrons form an electric
current. Free electrons passing through a conductor, an electric current is
generated. Free electrons pass through a conductor, an electric current being
generated. Free electrons passing through a conductor form an electric current.
computer; answer; commands; memory; element; device;
main; whole; separate; quick; correct; large; main
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III. Instructions being obtained, the control unit causes other units to
perform the necessary operations. Instructions are obtained; the control unit
causes other units to perform the operations. Having obtained the instructions
the control unit causes other units to perform the operations. Obtaining the
instructions the control unit causes other units to perform the operations.
IV. The elements having unknown properties cannot be used for
experiments. The elements have unknown properties, experiments with these
elements being impossible. Having unknown properties the elements cannot be
used for experiments. The elements having unknown properties, experiments
with them are impossible.
V. When moving in material charged particles produce magnetic
properties of this material. Charged particles moving in a material produce
magnetic properties. Charged particles moving in a material, magnetic
properties of this material are produced. Charged particles move in a
material, magnetic properties of the material being produced.
4.4. Refresh your grammar. Write sentences in the given tenses:
1. He – be – an interesting man (
2. I – arrive – at 11. (
3. I–not do–that–if–I–be–you (
4. Many people – wear – dark clothes – night (
5.
He – discuss – the topic – for the last two weeks (
progressive)
6. They – just finish – homework (
7. She –get up- now? (
8. Prime Minster – speak – on TV – but - he – ill (
perfect simple)
9. When – he – come back –workers – already clean –pavement
(
past simple and past perfect simple)
10. What –you – do - yesterday evening? (
11. The boys –play – football – whole day (
12. He –often – shop – Harrods. (
13. He said – Mum –already – go out (
14. I – run into –Tom- yesterday (
15. Next week – I – sit – on the beach (
16. The sales – start – next Monday (
past simple)
going-to future)
conditional 1 and past simple)
present simple)
present perfect simple)
present progressive)
conditional 2 and past
past progressive)
present perfect progressive)
present simple)
past perfect simple)
past simple)
future progressive)
present progressive)
present perfect
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17. Can – you – ski – when – you – be - little ?(
18. I – ski – when – I – be – at the university (
19. How long – you – work – company? (
progressive)
20. I – learn – type – now (
21. You – hear – from – him –lately? (
22. You – see – moon – last night? (
4.5. Open the brackets using past simple or past progressive tenses:
1. I (to see) Sue in town yesterday, but she (not to see) me. She (to
look) the other way.
2. I (to meet) Tom and Jane at the airport a few weeks ago. They
(to go) to Berlin and I (to go) to Madrid. We (to have) a chat while
we (to wait) for our flights.
3. I (to cycle) home yesterday when suddenly a man (to step) out
into the road in front of me. I (to go) quite fast but luckily I (to
manage) to stop in time and (not to hit) him.
4. Jerry (to wait) for me when I (to arrive).
5. “What (you, to do) at this time yesterday”? – “I was asleep.”
6. “(you, to go) out last night?” – “No, I was too tired”.
7. “Was Carol at the party last night?” – “Yes she (to wear) a nice
dress.”
8. How fast (you, to drive) when the accident (to happen)?
9. John (to take) a photo of me while I (not to look).
10. We (to be) in a very difficult position. We (not to know) what to
do.
11. I haven’t seen Alan for ages. When I last (to see) him, he (to try)
to find a job in Leeds.
12. I (to walk) along the street when suddenly I (to hear) footsteps
behind me. Somebody (to follow) me. I was frightened and (to start)
to run.
13. When I (to be) young I (to want) to be a bus driver.
14. While Mike (to watch) TV Sheila (to read) a book.
15. She (to wait) for the bus when I (to see) her yesterday.
16. On Sunday I (to go) for a walk and then I (to visit) the museum.
17. He (prepare) lunch when the first guests (arrive).
18. She (sleep) when she suddenly (to hear) a strange noise.
19. Some minutes later his friend (to come) to take him to the
present progressive)
present perfect simple)
past simple)
past simple)
past simple)
present perfect
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airport.
20. John (to have) a shower when the telephone (to ring).
21. When they (to arrive) at the airport, the plane (already, to fly)
high above their heads.
22. They (to go) to the restaurant and (to have) a cup of coffee.
23. While the football teams (to warm) up, the fans (to wave) their
flags.
IV SPEAKING
4.1. Summarize the general ideas of all the three texts.
4.2. Round-table discussion:
Prepare for discussion on the topic “General-Computing Operating
System or Real-Time Operating Systems. Pros and cons”.
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TEST
1. Choose the right word for the spaces given in the sentences:
1. The time required for the computer to locate
and transfer data in the storage device is called
the data __________ time.
2. __________ memories have no moving
parts.
3. Magnetic __________ were the main
elements used for primary memory in digital
computers for many years.
4. __________ is more commonly used for
memory at present.
5. Magnetic disks constitute the __________
storage media.
6. Data are stored in __________ codes in
primary as well as in secondary storage.
7. Data access time is __________ in electronic
memories than that in electromechanical
memories.
8. Electronic memories have __________
capacities for data storage.
a) sequence
b) access
c) value
a) electronic
b) mechanical
c) electromechanical
a) cores
b) tapes
c) disks
a) bipolar semiconductor
b) MOS
c) field-effect transistor
a) internal
b) primary
c) secondary
a) digital
b) binary
c) numerical
a) longer
b) much longer
c) shorter
a) more
b) larger
c) less
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