Практическая фонетика английского языка просто о сложном. Учебное пособие
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Lesson 1
Exercise 18
Read the following words.
Initial [e] |
|
|
Medial [e] |
|
|
|
end |
empty |
ever |
let |
when |
set |
men |
egg |
energy |
edge |
them |
then |
went |
spell |
every |
enjoy |
enter |
very |
get |
help |
next |
extra |
engine |
elf |
sledge |
left |
well |
red |
enemy |
end |
else |
check |
bred |
glen |
fled |
Phonograms
-eck |
-ed |
-edge |
-eg |
-ell |
-en |
-end |
-ent |
beck |
led |
ledge |
beg |
dwell |
ben |
end |
went |
check |
red |
hedge |
seg |
snell |
jen |
spend |
sent |
deck |
fed |
edge |
veg |
spell |
ren |
bend |
bent |
keck |
bred |
sledge |
deg |
skell |
ten |
lend |
rent |
neck |
bed |
wedge |
reg |
shell |
zen |
mend |
kent |
peck |
wed |
pledge |
leg |
quell |
hen |
tend |
brent |
reck |
shed |
|
meg |
kvell |
men |
trend |
spent |
zweck |
sled |
|
keg |
bell |
pen |
spend |
cent |
heck |
|
|
neg |
cell |
then |
fend |
lent |
fleck |
|
|
|
fell |
when |
send |
tent |
|
|
|
|
tell |
bren |
blend |
|
|
|
|
|
|
en |
|
|
Homophones
sent |
red |
bell |
led |
bell |
pedal |
rest |
step |
berry |
cent |
read |
belle |
lead |
belle |
peddle |
wrest |
steppe |
bury |
scent |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
Exercise 19
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
1.Helen helped them get ready for the test.
2.Did you tell them to sell the yellow television set? Yes, they said they would sell the yellow bread instead.
3.My leather belt was very expensive.
4.Do not tell anybody except the President that everyone expects the second general election.
5.I never send letters to my friends.
6.My red and yellow dress is very special.
7.Nuclear weapons threaten everybody.
8.I get sweaty when I exercise.
9.Her breath smells fresh and healthy as she ate seven fresh eggs for breakfast.
10.My relatives are generally healthy and wealthy.
11.My best friend gets headaches from stress, so I meant to tell them to sell the hotel.
12.Try not to let the hotel guests get stressed.
13.The weather was terribly wet yesterday.
14.This elephant is especially friendly.
15.The wedding was held in an empty leisure centre. The guests left at the end of the wedding ceremony.
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LESSON 2
[l]
Переднеязычныйапикально-альвеолярныйбоковойсонант
БукваL
Более яркий, хлесткий и острый, чем русский звук [л]. Язык «заострен» буквально – кончик языка направлен к альвеолам,
абоковые края опущены. Ощущается вибрация кончика языка.
Ванглийском языке выделяют два оттенка звука [l]: свет- лый – перед гласными и перед согласным [j] (как в слове light) и темный (как в слове dull) – на конце слов и перед остальными согласными.
Exercise 20
Read aloud the tongue-twisters and the rhyme.
[l]
1.The lonely little lion lacks a loyal lover.
2.I lost my little list of local legends.
3.Lovely ladies live luxurious lives.
4.Lady Luck dislikes losers.
5.Ralph rakes leaves really, really lousily.
6.Of all the felt I ever felt I never felt felt that felt like that felt felt.
7.On a lazy laser raiser lies a laser ray eraser.
8.Aluminum, linoleum, molybdenum.
9.Love’s a feeling you feel when you feel you’re going to feel the feeling you’ve never felt before.
10.Elizabeth has eleven elves in her elm tree.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
[t – l]
Tell a tall tale of a tall tailed dog, that told Tim it tap a tall ale and thump the top of Tim’s tomb.
[l – m]
A maid named Lady Marmalade made mainly lard and lemonade. M’lady lamely never made
a well-named, labelled marmalade.
[f]
Губно-зубнойщелевойфрикативныйсогласный
БукваF
БуквосочетаниеРНхарактернодлясловгреческогопроисхождения.
Совпадает с русским согласным [ф], произносится чуть ярче – как если вы говорите со слабослышащим человеком.
Exercise 21
Read aloud the tongue-twisters, the rhyme and the limerick.
[f]
1.The film features five famous feminists.
2.The farmer fought his former friend.
3.In fact, I am fairly fond of foreign food.
4.Fat football fans fight fairly frequently.
5.I found fifty-five flowers in my favourite field.
6.Four furious friends fought for the phone.
7.Frank’s fisher fishes on Friday for Frank’s Friday fresh fried fishfest.
8.Five frantic frogs fled from fifty fierce fishes.
9.An elephant was asphyxiated in the asphalt.
10.(*) A fly and flea flew into a flue,
said the fly to the flea ‘what shall we do?’
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Lesson 2
‘let us fly’ said the flea said the fly ‘shall we flee’
so, they flew through a flaw in the flue.
11.Five fat friars frying flat fish.
12.Flies fly but a fly flies.
13.There was a fisherman named Fisher who fished for some fish in a fissure. Till a fish with a grin,
pulled the fisherman in.
Now they’re fishing the fissure for Fisher.
[v]
Губно-зубнойщелевойфрикативныйсогласный
БукваV
Совпадает с русским согласным [в], произносится чуть ярче – как если вы говорите со слабослышащим человеком.
Exercise 22
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
1.Victor is a very vocal vegetarian.
2.Voters value valiant veterans.
3.I volunteered to visit the veterans in the village.
4.A very vicious viper ate the vulnerable vole.
5.A vicious vampire lives in a villa in the valley.
6.The villagers voted to veto the video.
7.The violent Vikings vanished. We must help the invisible victims of violence.
8.Here is my Vietnam visitor visa.
9.We have various viable vaccines for the virus.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
[ə], илиschwa
Краткийнелабиализованныйнейтральныйбезударныймонофтонгсмешанного рядасреднегоподъема
Всегдавбезударномположении; внекоторыхдиалектаханглийскогоязы- ка– любыебезударныегласные. Чащевсегобезударныегласныенаконце слов(например, вбуквосочетанияхER, OR) илислужебныеслова– артикли ипредлоги.
Самый загадочный гласный, единственный звук английского языка, у которого есть имя, самый распространенный звук ан- глийского языка – скорее, это намек на гласный, в котором можно услышать и [э], и [о], и даже [ы], особенно если звук произносится с ошибкой.
Артикуляция минимальна, звук максимально короткий – так, чтобы было нельзя понять, какой это гласный, но в то же время обозначено наличие гласного звука.
Всилу исключительно безударного положения этот звук стал объектом лингвистических шуток – This is schwa. Schwa is cool. Schwa is never stressed. Be like schwa. Или – I’d like to be a schwa, it’s never stressed.
Вобоих случаях обыгрываются два значения слова stress – «стресс» и «словесное ударение».
[j]
Среднеязычныйщелевойсрединныйсонант
БукваY передгласными
Болееприглушенный, чемрусскийзвук[й]. Нельзяпроизносить так, как будто вы вскрикиваете от боли или раздражения, – англий- ский звук смягченный, в начале произнесения рот образует узкую щель, воздухидетвдольспинкиязыка, вконцепроизнесениязвука органы речи переходят в положение, необходимое для произнесе- ния последующего гласного.
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Lesson 2
Exercise 23
Read aloud the words.
Initial [j] |
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Medial [j] |
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year |
yell |
yodel |
beyond |
barnyard |
yes |
yogurt |
yacht |
kayak |
backyard |
yard |
yawn |
yeast |
canyon |
stockyard |
you |
youth |
yen |
lawyer |
dooryard |
young |
yet |
yolk |
courtyard |
vineyard |
yellow |
|
yonder |
|
|
Exercise 24
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
1.Useless youths used to yell in my yard.
2.Young unicorns usually use unique yellow yo-yos.
3.Your university uniform used to be yellow.
4.Have you used your Euros yet?
5.I always buy yummy yellow yoghurt.
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LESSON 3
[i:]
Долгийнелабиализованныйдифтонгоидпереднегорядавысокогоподъемаузкой разновидности
БукваЕвоткрытомслоге(I типчтения) Гласныедиграфыee, ea, внекоторыхсловах– ie, ei
В начале произнесения звука надо сохранять напряженную, как будто вымученную, улыбку: углы рта растянуты, губы напря- жены и частично обнажают зубы, второй подбородок ощутимо подтягивается вверх. В конце звука органы речи примут более рас- слабленное и естественное положение. Русский звук [и] занимает промежуточное положение между английскими [ɪ] и [i:] как по ар- тикуляции, так и по долготе.
Приотработкефонетическихупражненийобращайтевнимание на похожие слова, различающиеся только долготой гласного (на-
пример, chick – cheek, rich – reach, hit – heat, bin – bean, ship – sheep, hill – heel).
Exercise 25
Read the tongue-twisters and rhymes.
[i:]
1.These peaches are extremely sweet.
2.Female eagles are keen on eating seagulls.
3.I will teach the queen to speak extremely sweetly.
4.The secret police frequently meet me in my street, as my three teenagers keep meeting thieves, and these procedures seem illegal to me.
5.We have eaten three litres of cream!
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Lesson 3
6.I frequently eat Middle Eastern cuisine.
7.Our team leader seems decent to me.
8.My colleague speaks Chinese and Hebrew.
9.Greedy sheep keep eating my green sweets.
10.I believe the evil chief is a cheat.
11.These Greek antiques are extremely clean.
12.My greedy niece eats cheesy pizza twice a week.
13.I received these trees three weeks ago.
14.We have seen three female sheep sleeping in the stream.
15.People who read are guaranteed to succeed.
16.I usually keep receipts for three weeks.
17.My colleague teaches skiing to teenagers.
18.We agreed to meet the priest on the beach.
19.I wanted to eat a plate of meat.
20.Please be seated.
21.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
22.I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice-cream!
23.The queen in green screamed.
24.I see he sees high seas she sees.
25.Each Easter Eddie eats eighty Easter eggs.
26.Denise sees the fleece, Denise sees the fleas.
At least Denise could sneeze and feed and freeze the fleas.
27.(*) Through three cheese trees three free fleas flew. While these fleas flew, freezy breeze blew.
Freezy breeze made these three trees freeze. Freezy trees made these trees’ cheese freeze. That’s what made these three free fleas sneeze.
[ı – i:]
1.I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit, upon a slitted sheet I sit.
2.Ripe white wheat reapers reap ripe white wheat right.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
[а:]
Долгийнелабиализованныймонофтонгзаднегоряданизкогоподъемаширокой разновидности
БукваАвIII типеслога(A + R)
Вамериканскоманглийскомпроизноситсякак[а:r].
Звук более долгий, чем русский [а]. При произнесении должно быть четкое ощущение, что звук низкий, направлен в дно ротовой полости, рукой ощущается приятная вибрация второго подбород- ка – как при полоскании горла, но с меньшей амплитудой.
Exercise 26
Read aloud the words.
Initial [а:] |
|
Medial [а:] |
|
|
Final [а:] |
arm |
Arctic |
park |
farm |
Sharp |
car |
are |
argument |
yard |
barn |
part |
bar |
army |
arbour |
dark |
hard |
start |
jar |
art |
armour |
mark |
card |
garden |
far |
article |
|
harm |
smart |
scarf |
scar |
artist |
|
March |
marble |
large |
mar |
|
|
parcel |
target |
pardon |
tar |
|
|
shark |
|
tart |
star |
Exercise 27
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
1.Almonds are far harder than bananas.
2.There are no lava or bananas in Antarctica!
3.The farm is rather far from the market. It is rather calm on the farm in March.
4.My father found a bizarre bra in his car.
5.I bought a rather large marble vase from the market.
6.The yarn scarf is rather large.
7.My father and my partner spent half the party arguing. So far, they have argued about art, drama, parliament and architecture.
8.The architect drew a facade with arches and palms.
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