Практическая фонетика английского языка просто о сложном. Учебное пособие
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Lesson 1
[ks] и[gz]
БукваХпередаетсразудвасогласныхзвука: [ks] – обычнопередбезударными гласнымиили[gz] – передударными.
БуквосочетанияKS иGS. Слова, заканчивающиесянабуквуG исокончанием-S всегдаимеютнаконцезвуки[gz].
Попробуйте сначала соединить звуки, а затем переходите к ско- роговоркам.
Exercise 10
Read aloud the words.
x = [gz] |
|
|
x = [ks] |
|
|
anxiety |
exactly |
exist |
box |
except |
mixer |
auxiliary |
examine |
exotic |
six |
explain |
textbook |
exact |
example |
exhausted |
text |
explode |
fox |
existential |
exert |
exhibit |
extra |
excuse |
X-Ray |
exile |
Brexit |
exhillarated |
exercise |
exhibition |
tax |
exalt |
exit |
exhort |
xylophone |
axe |
X’mas |
exasperate |
executive |
exude |
xenon |
exceed |
ox |
exec |
exert |
exult |
excuse relax |
approximate |
execute |
Xerox |
xenophobia |
|
|
|
|
Exercise 11
Read aloud the tongue-twisters and rhymes.
[z]
1.Zander grows zesty zucchinis.
2.Zach Zuckerberg says he knows some Zulu zombies from Zambia.
3.The zebras zigzagged through Zürich zoo.
[ks – gz]
1.Excited executioner exercising his excising powers excessively.
2.(*) Extinct insects’ instincts, extant insects’ instincts.
3.Six sick hicks nick six slick bricks with picks and sticks.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
4.(*) Federal Express is now called FedEx. When I retire I’ll be a FedEx ex.
But if I’m an officer when I retire, I’ll be an ex Fedex Exec. Then after a divorce, my ex-wife will be an ex FedEx exec’s ex. If I rejoin FedEx in time, I’d be an ex ex FedEx exec.
When we remarry, my wife will be an ex ex FedEx exec’s ex.
[ɪ]
Краткийнелабиализованныймонофтонгпереднегоотодвинутогоназадряда высокогоподъема(широкойразновидности)
БукваI взакрытомслоге(II типчтения) БукваY наконцеслов(часто)
При произнесении кратких английских гласных артикуляция гораздо меньше, чем при произнесении похожих русских звуков, но при этом активно работает диафрагма. Постарайтесь мини- мально шевелить губами, рот почти закрыт (удобно пользоваться зеркалом). Представьте, что вы заняты каким-то важным делом
иполностью погружены в работу и вдруг неожиданно сзади под- ходит кто-то близкий (вы ощущаете себя в полной безопасности)
иобращается к вам. Покажите человеку, что вы его услышали, но не хотите отрываться от важного дела – с помощью звука [ɪ].
Exercise 12
Read aloud the following words with I.
Initial [ɪ] |
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Medial [ɪ] |
|
|
|
if |
insect |
pit |
pivot |
illicit |
give |
is |
ill |
dinner |
visit |
did |
different |
in |
isn’t |
lintel |
widow |
will |
miss |
it |
icky |
tidbit |
with |
big |
city |
inch |
|
bistro |
this |
his |
still |
into |
|
liver |
little |
him |
which |
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Lesson 1
Read aloud the following words with Y.
Medial [ɪ] |
Final [ɪ] |
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|
|
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anything |
many |
happy |
empty |
early |
angry |
babysit |
penalty |
hungry |
every |
cherry |
army |
everyone |
thirty |
lady |
family |
money |
baby |
ladybug |
very |
memory |
glory |
quickly |
berry |
bodyguard |
pretty |
party |
energy |
heavy |
carry |
copying |
funny |
twenty |
usually |
ready |
body |
|
|
story |
|
|
|
Phonograms
-id |
-im |
-ick |
-ing |
-ift |
-int |
-in |
-ig |
hid |
him |
lick |
king |
shift |
mint |
twin |
pig |
did |
rim |
kick |
bring |
gift |
hint |
kin |
fig |
kid |
Tim |
sick |
ring |
lift |
lint |
pin |
big |
lid |
swim |
tick |
sing |
rift |
tint |
sin |
dig |
grid |
slim |
brick |
spring |
swift |
glint |
shin |
rig |
quid |
whim |
click |
string |
thrift |
skin |
wig |
|
skid |
vim |
wick |
ding |
sift |
splint |
win |
jig |
slid |
brim |
chick |
ping |
|
stint |
chin |
swig |
|
|
flick |
thing |
|
squint |
|
twig |
Homophones
chilli |
lynx |
him |
it’s |
which |
missed |
principal |
billed |
chilly |
links |
hymn |
its |
witch |
mist |
principle |
build |
Exercise 13
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
[ɪ]
1.I miss my little kids when I visit my village.
2.His pretty mistress kissed him on the lips.
3.He promised to quit when the building is finished.
4.I think the King lives in this big building.
5.I finished the dish and licked my lips.
6.The silly man slipped and spilled his drink.
7.Swimming in spring is a bit silly.
8.I think his illness will kill him.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
9.This is a list of things the kids should bring.
10.Kings give gifts to pretty kids.
11.His skin split when she hit him on the lip.
12.They are building the building with big pink bricks.
13.She picked up the fish and hit him on the chin with it.
14.They filmed him giving a big fish to the kids.
15.If the kid is still ill, give him this pill.
16.The little insect with pretty wings bit him on the lip.
17.Fishing from this bridge is still forbidden.
18.His little sisters are still pretty slim.
19.My big sister is a stripper.
20.A quick witted cricket critic.
21.I saw a kitten eating chicken in the kitchen.
[θ] и[ð]
Переднеязычныеапикально-межзубныещелевыефрикативныесогласные
ОбазвукаобозначаютсябуквосочетаниемТН.
Межзубныезвукисчитаютсяоднимиизсамыхсложных, посколь- ку совершенно не похожи на звуки русского языка – как правило, проблемавошибочномрасположенииоргановречи. Ещеоднаслож- ность – одно буквосочетание на два звука, и, хотя звонкий звук чаще встречаетсявслужебныхсловах, этонеправило, аобщаятенденция.
Типичные ошибки – язык слишком выдвинут вперед, что затруд- няет любую артикуляцию. Или же зубы слишком сильно сжимают язык, что не только затрудняет артикуляцию, но и вызывает боле- вые ощущения. Кончик языка должен легко проскальзывать между зубами (потренируйтесь делать движения языком сначала молча) ислегкавибрировать(поначалуэтоощущениевибрацииможетбыть не вполне приятным), но при этом активно работают губы.
Начинайтесдолгихзвуков, «звените» какможнодольше, апотом постепенно укорачивайте звуки. Представьте муху, которая запута- ласьвпаутинеиотчаянноборетсязажизнь. Сначалаумухиещеесть силы, и она издает звук [zzz]. Постепенно муха теряет силы, и полу-
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Lesson 1
чается звонкий звук [ððð], а когда силы уже на исходе, получается только тихий глухой звук [θθθ] – это сигнал для паука, что пора при- нимать пищу.
Буква ð есть в современном исландском языке.
Exercise 14
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
[θ – ð]
1.Thirty thousand athletes finished the marathon this Thursday.
2.I think these feathers are both rather smooth.
3.I thought the third and fourth things were both good.
4.My mother is too thin for these clothes.
5.The other day my three brothers threw their toothpaste through the window.
6.Their father is thinner than their mother.
7.They threw the earth onto the path.
8.My mother, father and brother have their birthdays this month.
9.There is a panther in the bath!
10.There is nothing on at the theatre this Thursday.
11.I think this toothpaste is healthier than that toothpaste.
12.I thought the thunder sounded threatening.
13.This leather is smoother than that leather.
14.They think that strength is everything.
15.The weather in the South is rather better than the weather in the North.
16.The length is three times longer than the width.
17.The three thieves threw the thermos through the theatre window.
18.Whether the weather is cold or whether the weather is hot, we will be together
whatever the weather, whether we like it or not.
19.The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.
20.There those thousand thinkers were thinking where did those other three thieves go through.
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
21.Elizabeth’s thirty-third birthday is on the third Thursday of this month.
22.Thin sticks, thick bricks.
23.They think that their teeth get thinner at times they want to taste thick meat.
24.Theodore Thistle threw three thorny thistles. How many thorny thistles did Theodore Thistle throw?
25.I thought, I thought of thinking of thanking you.
26.He threw three balls.
27.Nothing is worth thousands of deaths.
28.Thirty-three thousand people think that Thursday is their thirtieth birthday.
[t – θ – ð]
1.Three tired tigers try to throw three trees.
2.Three Tree Turtles
Three tree turtles took turns talking tongue twisters.
If three tree turtles took turns talking tongue twisters, where’s the twisters the three tree turtles talked?
3.(*) The third time the three three-toed tree toads tried tying their toes together, the third three-toed tree toad tied the two three-toed tree toads toes to the third toads toes. Then the two tied three-toed tree toads told the third three-toed tree toad that tying their toes together thrilled them to their toe tips.
[s – θ – ð]
1.(*) Theophilus Thaddeus Thistledown, the successful thistle-sifter, while sifting a sieve-full of unsifted thistles, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb. Now, if Theophilus Thaddeus Thistledown, the successful thistle-sifter, thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb, see that thou, while sifting a sieve-full of unsifted thistles, thrust not three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb.
2.(*) King Thistle stuck a thousand thistles in the thistle of his thumb. A thousand thistles King Thistle stuck in the thistle of his
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Lesson 1
thumb. If King Thistle stuck a thousand thistles in the thistle of his thumb, How many thistles did King Thistle stick in the thistle of his thumb?
[p]
Губно-губнойсмычныйвзрывнойсогласный
БукваР
Еще один глухой согласный, который произносится с аспира- цией. Так же, как и для звука [k], вам поможет свечка или листок бумаги. Вы должны ощутить направленную вперед струю воздуха одновременно с произнесением звука.
Exercise 15
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
[p]
1.The priest is probably playing poker at the pub.
2.The pupils planted pretty peonies in the park.
3.The proud President promised to protect people.
4.Posh people prefer to play polo.
5.Put the pink paint into the pretty purple pot.
6.If practice makes perfect and perfect needs practice, I’m perfectly practiced and practically perfect.
7.Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where’s the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
8.If Pickford’s packers packed a packet of crisps would the packet of crisps that Pickford’s packers packed survive for two and a half years?
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
[b]
Губно-губнойсмычныйвзрывнойсогласный
БукваВ
Более энергичный, чем русский звук [б]. Представьте, что вы крайне раздосадованы и выражаете эмоции с помощью слова «блин!». Обратите особое внимание на первый звук.
Exercise 16
Read aloud the tongue-twisters and rhymes.
[b]
1.The blind boy brought a big blue ball to the beach.
2.The brainy boys built a big beautiful base in the bedroom.
3.My blackboard belongings are behind the bed.
4.The baby behaved badly in the bubbly bath.
5.My big brother borrowed a black bag from my boyfriend.
6.A big black bug bit a big black bear on his big black nose and made the big black bear bleed blood.
7.The big black bug bit the big black bear, but the big black bear bit the big black bug back!
8.Bill had a billboard, Bill also had a board bill. The billboard bored Bill so Bill sold the billboard to pay for the board bill.
9.My back black brake blocks are broken. Bobby Bippy bought a bat.
Bobby Bippy bought a ball. With his bat Bob banged the ball. Banged it bump against the wall. But so boldly Bobby banged it That he burst his rubber ball “Boo!” cried Bobby
Bad luck ball
Bad luck Bobby, bad luck ball Now to drown his many troubles Bobby Bippy’s blowing bubbles.
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Lesson 1
10.(*) I bought a bit of baking powder and baked a batch of biscuits. I brought a big basket of biscuits back to the bakery and baked a basket of big biscuits. Then I took the big basket of biscuits and the basket of big biscuits and mixed the big biscuits with the basket of biscuits that was next to the big basket and put a bunch of biscuits from the basket into a biscuit mixer and brought the basket of biscuits and the box of mixed biscuits and the biscuit mixer to the bakery and opened a tin of sardines.
11.Betty Botter bought some butter but, said she, the butter’s bitter. If I put it in my batter, it will make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter will make my bitter batter better. So she bought some better butter, better than the bitter butter, Put it in her bitter batter, made her bitter batter better.
So ’t was better Betty Botter bought some better butter.
[b – g]
To begin to toboggan, first buy a toboggan. But don’t buy too big a toboggan.
Too big a toboggan is too big a toboggan to buy to begin to toboggan.
[b – z]
Busy buzzing bumble bees.
[m]
Губно-губнойсмычныйносовойсонант
БукваМ
Более энергичный и хлесткий, чем русский звук [м], – почувст- вуйте легкую вибрацию губ. Снова представьте, что вы в сильном раздражении на воображаемого собеседника, скажите ему: «Блин! На тебе в морду, гад!» – так, чтобы первые звуки этих слов были английские [b], [n], [m], [g].
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
Exercise 17
Read aloud the tongue-twisters.
[m]
1.The man meant to meet his mother at the meat market.
2.Most models marry men with money.
3.My mum managed to mess up my marriage.
4.My mother manages a massive military museum.
5.The minister missed the meeting to meet his mistress.
6.My mommy makes me muffins on Mondays.
7.Mommy made me eat my M&Ms.
8.There was a minimum of cinnamon in the aluminum pan.
[e]
Другиеобозначения: [ɛ]
Краткийнелабиализованныймонофтонгпереднегорядасреднегоподъемаузкой разновидности
БукваЕвзакрытомслоге(II типчтения)
Более закрытый и короткий по сравнению с русским [э]. Зафик- сируйте локоть на столе, разверните кисть параллельно земле и ва- шей грудной клетке так, чтобы верхняя поверхность расслаблен- ных пальцев касалась подбородка. Произносите звук так, чтобы нижняя челюсть не уходила вниз, – вы почувствуете пальцами ее минимальное шевеление. Или представьте, что вы заняты очень важным делом, но вдруг кто-то близкий сообщает вам интересную новость. Вы еще не переключились с важного дела на интересную новость, поэтому ваши эмоциональные реакции смазанные: вас хватает только на очень короткий звук [e].
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