Практическая фонетика английского языка просто о сложном. Учебное пособие
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Правила чтения |
Combinations |
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a + n, s, f, th + cons |
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a + l + cons |
a + lk |
a + l + mvf |
[a:] |
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mvf [ɔ:l] |
[ɔ:] |
[a:] |
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bath |
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all |
talk |
calm |
dance |
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salt |
walk |
half |
past |
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fall |
chalk |
halves |
after |
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also |
balk |
palm |
path |
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alder |
footstalk |
balm |
after |
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wall |
sidewalk |
salmon |
afternoon |
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small |
catwalk |
calf |
raft |
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stalk |
behalf |
chaff |
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beanstalk |
almond |
kraft |
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leafstalk |
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ai + r |
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ei + r |
еа+ r |
еа+ r |
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air |
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their |
near |
learn |
chair |
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weirdos |
dear |
earth |
hairdresser |
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weirded |
fear |
earn |
billionaire |
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eir |
gear |
heard |
airproofing |
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keir |
hear |
search |
airdrops |
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meir |
near |
pearl |
fairways |
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seir |
sear |
earl |
funfair |
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weir |
tear |
earthquake |
despair |
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spear |
year |
early |
airport |
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sweir |
clear |
overlearnt |
haircut |
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coheir |
shear |
earnest |
airline |
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effeir |
smear |
Earthward |
airsick |
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backspeir |
spear |
mislearn |
cochair |
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wasteweir |
ear |
pearlite |
airways |
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beard |
research |
repair |
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appear |
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affair |
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131
И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
оа+ r |
оо+ r |
оu + r |
ее+ r |
board |
poor |
our |
beer |
roar |
boor |
flour |
deer |
boar |
moor |
sour |
jeer |
soar |
spoor |
scour |
leer |
coarse |
moorage |
hourglass |
peer |
hoarse |
moorhen |
scour |
seer |
oars |
nonpoor |
floury |
sneer |
uproar |
santoor |
quarter-hour |
queer |
hoard |
dog-poor |
lour |
steer |
aboard |
Broadmoor |
sourwood |
career |
chessboard |
dirt-poor |
stour |
cheer |
clapboard |
blackamoor |
flouring |
reindeer |
hoarder |
Koh-i-noor |
hourly |
engineer |
upsoar |
(diamond) |
soursop |
veer |
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scourer |
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Одно из самых коварных буквосочетаний в английском языке – OUGH. Существует много вариантов его прочтения. Так, в каждой скороговорке ниже каждое слово с OUGH читается по-своему.
Exercise 62
Read aloud the tongue-twisters. Consult the dictionary if necessary.
OUGH
1.A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed thoughtfully.
2.English is weird, but it can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.
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УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАКРЕПЛЕНИЯ
Exercise 63
Read aloud and transcribe the following pairs of words. Consult the dictionary and translate if necessary. Be attentive and careful, as some words are exceptions and you should memorize them.
a. Vowels
add – odd ago – ego aunt – ant ball – bowl bar – bare beast – boast
boiling – bowling bold – bald cattle – kettle cheese – chess chip – cheap cocoa – cuckoo column – colon come – calm conceal – council cost – coast
courage – carriage crush – crash
cut – cute dance – dense date – data day – die
darling – during dill – deal
dip – deep each – itch export – expert fen – fan
find – found flood – fluid foot – feet
gin – gene glad – glade good – god
gram – grammar grin – green guerilla – gorilla gym – jam
hall – hell hop – hope hunt – haunt jam – germ kin – keen lame – lime lay – lie louse – lice
lunch – launch male – mail massage – message mouse – mice nice – niece
now – new paper – pepper pen – pan peach – pitch piece – peace pig – peg pond – pound poor – pure port – sport queen – queer rain – reign
133
И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
rating – writing rubber – robber run – ran secret – secrete seem – theme shoe – show sick – seek snack – snake spot – sport stop – stoop strike – struck tale – tail
tame – time teach – touch think – thank
b. Consonants
bank – bang bend – bent boss – both bucket – basket build – built calm – palm carrot – parrot chain – Jane chance – change cherry – berry coat – goat
consent – concept dog – dodge drive – thrive ever – never
face – phase field – yield find – blind frog – frock gas – has glass – grass help – health hit – hid
today – to die tooth – teeth toy – toe treat – trait uncle – ankle up – app
vassal – vessel valley – value water – waiter way – why
weekend – weakened white – wait
win – won wind – wound word – world
kill – kiss lack – black lark – large lie – fly line – lime low – glow
monkeydonkey million – billion orchid – orchard queens – quince page – phage pet – pest
roof – hoof sailor – tailor send – sent spend – spent sphere – spear thing – sing think – sink time – thyme tray – trash what – that
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Упражнения для закрепления
c. Miscellaneous
apple – maple build – bleed care – carry chalk – chocolate coffee – cafe come – become count – account
counter – encounter crops – corpse cross – across desert – dessert earning – earring face – phase
Greenpeace – green peas Imogene – imagine king – kind
lax – flax lemon – melon lip – flip
d. Advanced words
addition – addiction adventure – advantage advice – device affixation – asphyxiation ambitious – ambiguous annual – animal
believe – receive cancel – council career – carrier
circumstance – circumference cleavage – clearance
coach – couch coffee – coffin college – colleague
compassion – compression compete – complete competition – completion conservation – conversation cottage – college
long – belong mind – remind
mythology – methodology next – text
note – notice place – palace quiz – squeeze rather – razor really – rarely secretary – security sign – design squirrel – quarrel store – story
table – tablet Tuesday – Thursday tray – betray
turn – return uncle – ankle watch – wash
cotton – cottage courage – carriage create – crate cousin – cuisine current – currant curtain – certain custom – costume effect – affect
elementary – alimentary exploit – explore expedition – exhibition fiction – function
fine – final forest – for rest future – feature guard – guide guest – quest jelly – jealous
hooligan – holy gun humility – humidity
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
humour – tumor importance – impotence important – impotent intention – intonation interest – intersect interjection – intersection invention – invitation issue – tissue
Lancelot – lancelet library – laboratory liver – deliver
mantelpiece – masterpiece mediation – medication message – massage meter – matter
modal – model Moldova – the Maldives Mongolia – magnolia monk – monarch nation – notion
nature– mature negation – negotiation nursery – necessary obvious – oblivious often – orphan
pair – despair patient – patience
perspective – prospective Petersburg – Edinburgh plague – plaque
poetry – poverty Poirot – parrot promise – compromise raven – ravine
reason – raisin release – realize sandwich – sand witch selfish – starfish sickle – circle
silence – science special – spatial statistics – stylistics summer – summary surgeon – sturgeon teacher – cheater trail – trial
translation – transcription vacation – vocation value – volume
victor – vector
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Упражнения для закрепления
Exercise 64
Read aloud and transcribe the following chains of words. Consult the dictionary and translate if necessary. Be attentive and careful, as some words are exceptions and you should memorize them. Pay special attention to the sounds which distinguish the neighbouring words.
a. Vowels
Triplets
adapt – adopt – adept air – ear – year
begin – began – begun big – bag – beg
blood – bleed – blade break – broke – brake bride – bread – breed bus – bass – base doubt – debt – dot
finish – Finnish – furnish gale – goal – girl
gin – gene – jeans glad – glade – glide harm – ham – hum hash – harsh – hush layer – liar – lawyer
4-word chains
back – buck – bike – beak best – boost – boast – burst butter – batter – better – bitter car – care – cure – core
chip – cheap – chap – chop cram – cream – crime – Crimea draw – claw – saw – Warsaw far – fare – fire – fir
four – for – fore – foe
geese – goose – guess – goes her – hear – here – there line – lone – lain – lion
lean – lane – learn Lee – lie – lay lump – lamp – lamb
Mary – marry – merry malady – melody – my lady older – elder – alder
run – ruin – rain right – write – riot shall – shell – shawl shoot – shot – shut spur – spare – spear star – stare – store weed – wide – weird where – there – their will – wheel – while whip – weep – wipe
shut – shout – shoot – shot sick – sack – sake – sock sit – sat – set – sought
skill – skull – school – scale spit – spat – spite – sprite stop – step – steep – steppe tar – tare – tire – tore
this – these – those – thus to – too – two – toe
will – wheel – whale – while wit – wheat – wait – white
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И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
Long chains
bar – bore – bare – bear – beer – berry – cherry bat – cat – hat – rat – pat – sat – that
cold – called – could – cloud – clade copy – cope – cop – cap – cape – cup
fan – fen – fine – fern – phone – fun – funny
far – fare – fair – fear – fire – fore – for – four – fur fell – fail – file – fall – foal
firm – farm – fame – form – foam hair – heir – hare – here – her
hole – whole – hall – hell – hail – halo – hello last – least – list – lost – lest – lust – luster light – lit – let – late – lot
luck – lack – lick – Luke – look – like – leak – leek man – men – mean – mane – main – mine – moan mood – mud – mode – Maud – made – mad – mound
meat – meet – met – mite – mat – mate – make – made – mode – Maud night – net – not – note – naught – naughty
oh – on – ore – or – nor – more – lore – lorry – Lori pearl – peel – pile – pill – pillow
Pete – pet – pat – port – pot – put – part phoned – fond – fined – find – found – founded pin – pine – pain – pane – pen – pan
rat – rate – route – riot – right – write – rot red – read – rod – road – ride – rode
see – saw – sore – sir – sour
shock – shark – shake – snake – snack sit – sat – seat – sought – set
tip – tap – top – type – tape
word – world – wood – would – weed – wide
b. Consonants
Triplets
all – tall – wall cage – page – hedge carp – harp – sharp cook – took – look cork – fork – pork
crow – crowd – crown deaf – death – depth fate – date – plate
fire – wire – tire five – live – alive
horn – thorn – torn lazy – crazy – daisy mean – teen – canteen ox – fox – box
palm – calm – balm rank – rang – range rain – brain – train should – would – could spoke – poke – broke sure – pure – lure
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Упражнения для закрепления |
4-word chains |
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ape – cape – tape – grape |
hug – mug – jug – rug |
date – late – plate – gate |
is – ease – tease – lease |
east – beast – feast – least |
iick – lick – Dick – Nick |
fast – fist – first – feast |
son – sun – bun – fun |
found – bound – round – around |
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Long chains
ale – Yale – yell – dell – bell – sell – tell – fell – shell – Nell – well – smell – hell and – end – tend – trend – send – bend – band
art – part – cart – dart – chart bar – car – tar – far – star – scar
bare – care – tare – fare – stare – scare been – seen – teen – keen – green – queen Ben – den – ten – hen – fen – pen – pan chain – vain – main – gain – game
die – lie – high – fly – spy – sly – sky – ski dirt – flirt – skirt – shirt – short
dog – log – fog – bog – smog down – gown – clown – crown
draw – floor – for – four – fore – more – sore – score – store dust – lust – must – mast – past – cast – last
flow – low – slow – snow – show – blow have – has – had – hat – heart – hurt – head heat – beat – treat – threat – meat
ill – will – mill – kill – Bill – Jill– dill – drill – till – until – still – instill – install in – inn – fin – tin – thin – sin – bin – pin
keel – heel – heal – meal – feel – deal – wheel kill – hill – mill – fill – dill – will
kind – wind – find – mind – bind
lack – sack – tack – rack – pack – backpack – tick – tick-tock – tuck – talk – took – take – cake – cook
lame – blame – shame – tame – flame – blame – fame – same – name – surname lay – play – clay – day – tray – may
lean – seen – teen – been – bean – Dean
lie – fly – high – tie – my – shy – sky – wi-fi – eye – buy – bye – by lost – post – host – most – toast – ghost – guest
male – mate – mane – make – made
mood – good – stood – food – blood – flood nose – rose – those – hose – horse
not – knot – pot – plot – shot – lot – dot – spot old – cold – hold – told – fold – bold – sold
phone – tone – shone – one – prone – drone – bone – cone – lone – zone – done pick – tick – lick – brick – thick – sick
port – sort – sport – fort – court
queer – dear – deer – beer – bear – berry
read – reed – greed – need – deed – weed – seed – speed
139
И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА
set – pet – bet – let – net
site – kite – light – flight – fight – night – knight – tight – bright sock – mock – knock – dock – rock –frock – frog – fog
sought – taught – fought – bought – brought – caught – thought stone – tone – prone – phone – hone – lone – alone
take – fake – bake – cake – lake – sake – make – rake – brake – break tan – ten – turn – tern – torn – ton – tone – town – tin
thing – sing – king – cling – bring – ring – rink – sink – think – pink – ping-pong top – hop – mop – drop – shop
true – tree – three – free – flee – flea – bee urn – earn – turn – learn – fern – burn
you – yew – dew – drew – blew – threw – new – knew
c. Miscellaneous triplets
advance – advice – device argue – agree – angry case – cause – because easy – greasy – busy
egg – edge – age face – fuss – fuse flower – flour – floor gaze – glaze – graze group – soup – soap
guide – guard – garden hub – pub – lab
hug – Hague – Prague keel – kill – krill
key – ski – sky laugh – love – glove
monk – monkey – money peace – piece – peas pocket – rocket – racket provide – prove – improve
put – cut – cute rice – rise – rose seal – seat – Sean
since – science – silence solution – salvation – salivation space – spice – species
start – star – stare strong – strength – stress super – supper – suffer than – then – when topic – tropic – trophic
vampire – umpire – empire wear – aware – unaware wedge – verge – merge when – then – than
whisk – whisker – whiskey wine – vain – vein
wizard – blizzard – bizarre
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