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Практическая фонетика английского языка просто о сложном. Учебное пособие

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Правила чтения

Combinations

 

 

 

a + n, s, f, th + cons

 

a + l + cons

a + lk

a + l + mvf

[a:]

 

mvf [ɔ:l]

[ɔ:]

[a:]

 

 

 

 

 

bath

 

all

talk

calm

dance

 

salt

walk

half

past

 

fall

chalk

halves

after

 

also

balk

palm

path

 

alder

footstalk

balm

after

 

wall

sidewalk

salmon

afternoon

 

small

catwalk

calf

raft

 

 

stalk

behalf

chaff

 

 

beanstalk

almond

kraft

 

 

leafstalk

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ai + r

 

ei + r

еа+ r

еа+ r

 

 

 

 

 

air

 

their

near

learn

chair

 

weirdos

dear

earth

hairdresser

 

weirded

fear

earn

billionaire

 

eir

gear

heard

airproofing

 

keir

hear

search

airdrops

 

meir

near

pearl

fairways

 

seir

sear

earl

funfair

 

weir

tear

earthquake

despair

 

spear

year

early

airport

 

sweir

clear

overlearnt

haircut

 

coheir

shear

earnest

airline

 

effeir

smear

Earthward

airsick

 

backspeir

spear

mislearn

cochair

 

wasteweir

ear

pearlite

airways

 

 

beard

research

repair

 

 

appear

 

affair

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

131

И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА

оа+ r

оо+ r

оu + r

ее+ r

board

poor

our

beer

roar

boor

flour

deer

boar

moor

sour

jeer

soar

spoor

scour

leer

coarse

moorage

hourglass

peer

hoarse

moorhen

scour

seer

oars

nonpoor

floury

sneer

uproar

santoor

quarter-hour

queer

hoard

dog-poor

lour

steer

aboard

Broadmoor

sourwood

career

chessboard

dirt-poor

stour

cheer

clapboard

blackamoor

flouring

reindeer

hoarder

Koh-i-noor

hourly

engineer

upsoar

(diamond)

soursop

veer

 

 

scourer

 

Одно из самых коварных буквосочетаний в английском языке – OUGH. Существует много вариантов его прочтения. Так, в каждой скороговорке ниже каждое слово с OUGH читается по-своему.

Exercise 62

Read aloud the tongue-twisters. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

OUGH

1.A rough-coated, dough-faced, thoughtful ploughman strode through the streets of Scarborough; after falling into a slough, he coughed and hiccoughed thoughtfully.

2.English is weird, but it can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.

132

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАКРЕПЛЕНИЯ

Exercise 63

Read aloud and transcribe the following pairs of words. Consult the dictionary and translate if necessary. Be attentive and careful, as some words are exceptions and you should memorize them.

a. Vowels

add – odd ago – ego aunt – ant ball – bowl bar – bare beast – boast

boiling – bowling bold – bald cattle – kettle cheese – chess chip – cheap cocoa – cuckoo column – colon come – calm conceal – council cost – coast

courage – carriage crush – crash

cut – cute dance – dense date – data day – die

darling – during dill – deal

dip – deep each – itch export – expert fen – fan

find – found flood – fluid foot – feet

gin – gene glad – glade good – god

gram – grammar grin – green guerilla – gorilla gym – jam

hall – hell hop – hope hunt – haunt jam – germ kin – keen lame – lime lay – lie louse – lice

lunch – launch male – mail massage – message mouse – mice nice – niece

now – new paper – pepper pen – pan peach – pitch piece – peace pig – peg pond – pound poor – pure port – sport queen – queer rain – reign

133

И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА

rating – writing rubber – robber run – ran secret – secrete seem – theme shoe – show sick – seek snack – snake spot – sport stop – stoop strike – struck tale – tail

tame – time teach – touch think – thank

b. Consonants

bank – bang bend – bent boss – both bucket – basket build – built calm – palm carrot – parrot chain – Jane chance – change cherry – berry coat – goat

consent – concept dog – dodge drive – thrive ever – never

face – phase field – yield find – blind frog – frock gas – has glass – grass help – health hit – hid

today – to die tooth – teeth toy – toe treat – trait uncle – ankle up – app

vassal – vessel valley – value water – waiter way – why

weekend – weakened white – wait

win – won wind – wound word – world

kill – kiss lack – black lark – large lie – fly line – lime low – glow

monkeydonkey million – billion orchid – orchard queens – quince page – phage pet – pest

roof – hoof sailor – tailor send – sent spend – spent sphere – spear thing – sing think – sink time – thyme tray – trash what – that

134

Упражнения для закрепления

c. Miscellaneous

apple – maple build – bleed care – carry chalk – chocolate coffee – cafe come – become count – account

counter – encounter crops – corpse cross – across desert – dessert earning – earring face – phase

Greenpeace – green peas Imogene – imagine king – kind

lax – flax lemon – melon lip – flip

d. Advanced words

addition – addiction adventure – advantage advice – device affixation – asphyxiation ambitious – ambiguous annual – animal

believe – receive cancel – council career – carrier

circumstance – circumference cleavage – clearance

coach – couch coffee – coffin college – colleague

compassion – compression compete – complete competition – completion conservation – conversation cottage – college

long – belong mind – remind

mythology – methodology next – text

note – notice place – palace quiz – squeeze rather – razor really – rarely secretary – security sign – design squirrel – quarrel store – story

table – tablet Tuesday – Thursday tray – betray

turn – return uncle – ankle watch – wash

cotton – cottage courage – carriage create – crate cousin – cuisine current – currant curtain – certain custom – costume effect – affect

elementary – alimentary exploit – explore expedition – exhibition fiction – function

fine – final forest – for rest future – feature guard – guide guest – quest jelly – jealous

hooligan – holy gun humility – humidity

135

И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА

humour – tumor importance – impotence important – impotent intention – intonation interest – intersect interjection – intersection invention – invitation issue – tissue

Lancelot – lancelet library – laboratory liver – deliver

mantelpiece – masterpiece mediation – medication message – massage meter – matter

modal – model Moldova – the Maldives Mongolia – magnolia monk – monarch nation – notion

nature– mature negation – negotiation nursery – necessary obvious – oblivious often – orphan

pair – despair patient – patience

perspective – prospective Petersburg – Edinburgh plague – plaque

poetry – poverty Poirot – parrot promise – compromise raven – ravine

reason – raisin release – realize sandwich – sand witch selfish – starfish sickle – circle

silence – science special – spatial statistics – stylistics summer – summary surgeon – sturgeon teacher – cheater trail – trial

translation – transcription vacation – vocation value – volume

victor – vector

136

Упражнения для закрепления

Exercise 64

Read aloud and transcribe the following chains of words. Consult the dictionary and translate if necessary. Be attentive and careful, as some words are exceptions and you should memorize them. Pay special attention to the sounds which distinguish the neighbouring words.

a. Vowels

Triplets

adapt – adopt – adept air – ear – year

begin – began – begun big – bag – beg

blood – bleed – blade break – broke – brake bride – bread – breed bus – bass – base doubt – debt – dot

finish – Finnish – furnish gale – goal – girl

gin – gene – jeans glad – glade – glide harm – ham – hum hash – harsh – hush layer – liar – lawyer

4-word chains

back – buck – bike – beak best – boost – boast – burst butter – batter – better – bitter car – care – cure – core

chip – cheap – chap – chop cram – cream – crime – Crimea draw – claw – saw – Warsaw far – fare – fire – fir

four – for – fore – foe

geese – goose – guess – goes her – hear – here – there line – lone – lain – lion

lean – lane – learn Lee – lie – lay lump – lamp – lamb

Mary – marry – merry malady – melody – my lady older – elder – alder

run – ruin – rain right – write – riot shall – shell – shawl shoot – shot – shut spur – spare – spear star – stare – store weed – wide – weird where – there – their will – wheel – while whip – weep – wipe

shut – shout – shoot – shot sick – sack – sake – sock sit – sat – set – sought

skill – skull – school – scale spit – spat – spite – sprite stop – step – steep – steppe tar – tare – tire – tore

this – these – those – thus to – too – two – toe

will – wheel – whale – while wit – wheat – wait – white

137

И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА

Long chains

bar – bore – bare – bear – beer – berry – cherry bat – cat – hat – rat – pat – sat – that

cold – called – could – cloud – clade copy – cope – cop – cap – cape – cup

fan – fen – fine – fern – phone – fun – funny

far – fare – fair – fear – fire – fore – for – four – fur fell – fail – file – fall – foal

firm – farm – fame – form – foam hair – heir – hare – here – her

hole – whole – hall – hell – hail – halo – hello last – least – list – lost – lest – lust – luster light – lit – let – late – lot

luck – lack – lick – Luke – look – like – leak – leek man – men – mean – mane – main – mine – moan mood – mud – mode – Maud – made – mad – mound

meat – meet – met – mite – mat – mate – make – made – mode – Maud night – net – not – note – naught – naughty

oh – on – ore – or – nor – more – lore – lorry – Lori pearl – peel – pile – pill – pillow

Pete – pet – pat – port – pot – put – part phoned – fond – fined – find – found – founded pin – pine – pain – pane – pen – pan

rat – rate – route – riot – right – write – rot red – read – rod – road – ride – rode

see – saw – sore – sir – sour

shock – shark – shake – snake – snack sit – sat – seat – sought – set

tip – tap – top – type – tape

word – world – wood – would – weed – wide

b. Consonants

Triplets

all – tall – wall cage – page – hedge carp – harp – sharp cook – took – look cork – fork – pork

crow – crowd – crown deaf – death – depth fate – date – plate

fire – wire – tire five – live – alive

horn – thorn – torn lazy – crazy – daisy mean – teen – canteen ox – fox – box

palm – calm – balm rank – rang – range rain – brain – train should – would – could spoke – poke – broke sure – pure – lure

138

 

Упражнения для закрепления

4-word chains

 

ape – cape – tape – grape

hug – mug – jug – rug

date – late – plate – gate

is – ease – tease – lease

east – beast – feast – least

iick – lick – Dick – Nick

fast – fist – first – feast

son – sun – bun – fun

found – bound – round – around

 

Long chains

ale – Yale – yell – dell – bell – sell – tell – fell – shell – Nell – well – smell – hell and – end – tend – trend – send – bend – band

art – part – cart – dart – chart bar – car – tar – far – star – scar

bare – care – tare – fare – stare – scare been – seen – teen – keen – green – queen Ben – den – ten – hen – fen – pen – pan chain – vain – main – gain – game

die – lie – high – fly – spy – sly – sky – ski dirt – flirt – skirt – shirt – short

dog – log – fog – bog – smog down – gown – clown – crown

draw – floor – for – four – fore – more – sore – score – store dust – lust – must – mast – past – cast – last

flow – low – slow – snow – show – blow have – has – had – hat – heart – hurt – head heat – beat – treat – threat – meat

ill – will – mill – kill – Bill – Jill– dill – drill – till – until – still – instill – install in – inn – fin – tin – thin – sin – bin – pin

keel – heel – heal – meal – feel – deal – wheel kill – hill – mill – fill – dill – will

kind – wind – find – mind – bind

lack – sack – tack – rack – pack – backpack – tick – tick-tock – tuck – talk – took – take – cake – cook

lame – blame – shame – tame – flame – blame – fame – same – name – surname lay – play – clay – day – tray – may

lean – seen – teen – been – bean – Dean

lie – fly – high – tie – my – shy – sky – wi-fi – eye – buy – bye – by lost – post – host – most – toast – ghost – guest

male – mate – mane – make – made

mood – good – stood – food – blood – flood nose – rose – those – hose – horse

not – knot – pot – plot – shot – lot – dot – spot old – cold – hold – told – fold – bold – sold

phone – tone – shone – one – prone – drone – bone – cone – lone – zone – done pick – tick – lick – brick – thick – sick

port – sort – sport – fort – court

queer – dear – deer – beer – bear – berry

read – reed – greed – need – deed – weed – seed – speed

139

И. М. Пескова, Л. И. Палаева, Е. О. Забенькина. ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯФОНЕТИКААНГЛИЙСКОГОЯЗЫКА

set – pet – bet – let – net

site – kite – light – flight – fight – night – knight – tight – bright sock – mock – knock – dock – rock –frock – frog – fog

sought – taught – fought – bought – brought – caught – thought stone – tone – prone – phone – hone – lone – alone

take – fake – bake – cake – lake – sake – make – rake – brake – break tan – ten – turn – tern – torn – ton – tone – town – tin

thing – sing – king – cling – bring – ring – rink – sink – think – pink – ping-pong top – hop – mop – drop – shop

true – tree – three – free – flee – flea – bee urn – earn – turn – learn – fern – burn

you – yew – dew – drew – blew – threw – new – knew

c. Miscellaneous triplets

advance – advice – device argue – agree – angry case – cause – because easy – greasy – busy

egg – edge – age face – fuss – fuse flower – flour – floor gaze – glaze – graze group – soup – soap

guide – guard – garden hub – pub – lab

hug – Hague – Prague keel – kill – krill

key – ski – sky laugh – love – glove

monk – monkey – money peace – piece – peas pocket – rocket – racket provide – prove – improve

put – cut – cute rice – rise – rose seal – seat – Sean

since – science – silence solution – salvation – salivation space – spice – species

start – star – stare strong – strength – stress super – supper – suffer than – then – when topic – tropic – trophic

vampire – umpire – empire wear – aware – unaware wedge – verge – merge when – then – than

whisk – whisker – whiskey wine – vain – vein

wizard – blizzard – bizarre

140

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