- •Structure and presentation
- •1.1.1 Sender's address
- •Inside (or receiver's) address
- •1 Surname known
- •2 Title known
- •3 Department known
- •4 Company only
- •Style and punctuation of addresses
- •Denmark
- •The body of the letter
- •Complimentary closes
- •Signatures
- •Letterheads
- •2 Board of Directors
- •3 Addresses
- •4 Registered number
- •References
- •Company position
- •Enclosures
- •Layout 3
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •2 Content and style
- •Too long
- •Too short
- •The right length
- •A warning
- •Order and sequence
- •Unclear sequence
- •Clear sequence
- •Planning your letter
- •Arrand, and latest designs
- •First paragraph
- •Middle paragraphs
- •Final paragraph
- •Style and language
- •Courtesy
- •Idioms and colloquial language
- •Clarity
- •Abbreviations
- •Figures
- •Prepositions
- •Accuracy
- •Titles, names, and addresses
- •References
- •Enclosures
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •2 Content and style
- •Too long
- •Too short
- •The right length
- •A warning
- •Order and sequence
- •Unclear sequence
- •Clear sequence
- •Planning your letter
- •Arrand, and latest designs
- •First paragraph
- •Middle paragraphs
- •Final paragraph
- •Style and language
- •Courtesy
- •Idioms and colloquial language
- •Clarity
- •Abbreviations
- •Figures
- •Prepositions
- •Accuracy
- •Titles, names, and addresses
- •References
- •Enclosures
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •3 Enquiries
- •Methods of enquiry
- •Writing letters of enquiry
- •Opening
- •Asking for catalogues, price-lists, prospectuses
- •Asking for details
- •Asking for samples, patterns, demonstrations
- •Suggesting terms, methods of payment, discounts
- •Asking for goods on approval or on sale or return
- •Asking for an estimate or tender
- •Closing
- •Specimen letters
- •Short enquiries
- •Disc sa
- •Reply to an advertisement
- •Enquiry from a buying agent
- •Enquiry from a retailer to a foreign manufacturer
- •Questions
- •Request for goods on approval
- •Questions
- •Jean Landman
- •Request for an estimate
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •4 Replies and quotations
- •Replying to letters of enquiry
- •Opening
- •Confirming that you can help
- •'Selling' your product
- •Suggesting alternatives
- •Referring the customer elsewhere
- •Catalogues, price-lists, prospectuses, samples
- •Demonstrations, representatives, showroom visits
- •Closing
- •Quotations
- •Transport and insurance costs
- •Discounts
- •Methods of payment
- •Quoting delivery
- •Fixed terms and negotiable terms
- •Giving an estimate
- •Specimen letters
- •R. G. Electronics ag
- •D&sCharcotS.A.R.L
- •Goods on approval
- •Questions
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •5 Orders
- •Placing an order
- •Opening
- •Payment
- •Discounts
- •Delivery
- •Methods of delivery
- •Acknowledging an order
- •Advice of despatch
- •Specimen letters and forms
- •Placing an order: covering letter
- •Questions
- •Attn. Mr d. Causio
- •Order form
- •Questions
- •Acknowledgement of order
- •Advice of despatch
- •Placing an order
- •Questions
- •Advice of despatch
- •Questions
- •Advice note
- •Delays in delivery
- •Refusing an order
- •Out of stock
- •Bad reputation
- •Unfavourable terms
- •Size of order
- •Panton Works, Hounslow, Middlesex, tw6 2bq
- •Questions
- •Refusing an order Questions
- •Sp Wholesalers plc
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •Invoices and statements
- •Invoices
- •International Giro
- •International Money Orders
- •International bankers draft
- •Invoice
- •6.3.2 Invoice
- •Ingenieros Industriales sa
- •6.6.7 Second request
- •Unjustified complaints
- •7.3.6 Closing
- •Specimen letters
- •E. F. Baden ag
- •7.6.2 Credit note
- •8 Credit
- •1 Reputation
- •2 Long-term trading association
- •3 References
- •8.4.2 Refusing credit
- •8.4.3 Negotiating
- •21 Mead Road, Swansea, Glamorgan 3st1dr
- •8.8.2 Referee's reply
- •Via di Pietra Papa, 00146 Roma
- •31 Goodge Street, London ec49 4ee
- •21 Mead Road, Swansea, Glamorgan 3st1dr
- •International banking
- •New zealand bank
- •Telephone: 448135/6/7/8
- •International crafts ltd.
- •Telephone: 081 834 2179, 081 834 2710 Cable: intercra Telex: 315620 Fax:081-8344431
- •Dock 23, Mainway, Hong Kong Telephone: 385162 Telex: 349512 Fax: 662553 Cable: lebats
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •10 Agents and agencies
- •Types of agencies
- •Brokers
- •Finding an agent
- •Offering an agency
- •Commission
- •Asking for an agency
- •British crystal Ltd
- •Al Manni Way, Riyadh
- •Directors: m. Allison, b. Locke
- •International Trading Co. Ltd.
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •11 Transportation and shipping
- •Road, rail, and air
- •Specimen letters
- •Air Waybill
- •Shipping
- •Specimen letters
- •Dock 23, Mainway, Hong Kong
- •Bill of lading
- •Instruction to a forwarding agent
- •South Bank House, Borough Road, London se1 oaa
- •International Shippers Ltd.
- •City House, City Road, London ec2 1 pc
- •South Bank House, Borough Road, London se1 oaa
- •President: j.R, Mason d.F.A. Directors: p. Hartley Snr., a. Hartley Jnr
- •618 West and Vine Street, Chicago, Illinois Telephone: 216818532 Telex: 677312 Fax: 216 349076
- •President: j.R, Mason d.F.A. Directors: p. Hartley Snr., a. Hartley Jnr
- •618 West and Vine Street, Chicago, Illinois Telephone: 216818532 Telex: 677312 Fax: 216 349076
- •South Bank House, Borough Road, London se1 oaa
- •Container services
- •International Shippers Ltd.
- •City House, City Road, London ec2 1 pc
- •Chartering ships
- •Chairman: b. Eltham Directors: d.E.R. Machin. O.M. Crewit Furnace House, Granville Road, Sheffield s2 2rl
- •Vat No: 31 4287160 Telex: 813297 unestg
- •International Containers Ltd. Chairman r.L Nathan acwa Directors t.N. Frost, l.S. Newcombe Buxton House, Mableton Place, London wc1h 9bh
- •Certificate of origin
- •Telephone: 071 742 8315 Telex: 331497 longra g Fax: 071 7423319
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •12 Insurance
- •Insurance procedures
- •Fire and accident insurance
- •Head Office, Bruce House, Bruce Street, Aberdeen ab9 1fr
- •Specimen letters
- •Head Office, Bruce House, Bruce Street, Aberdeen ab9 1fr
- •Marine insurance
- •South Bank House, Borough Road, London se1 oaa
- •Worldwide Insurance Ltd. 15 May 20—
- •Rejection of claim
- •Words to remember
- •13 Electronic correspondence
- •Fax transmission
- •Perfect Office Suppliers Limited Canal Street, Manchester m14 2kq Fax transmission
- •Specimen email message
- •Telegrams and cables
- •Abbreviations
- •Operating the telex
- •Instruction to stockbroker
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •Reservations
- •Appointments
- •Hospitality
- •Special occasions
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •15 In company communications
- •Memorandum
- •Visit of a customer
- •Visit of a customer
- •Retirement of Managing Director
- •Memorandum l Franksen plc Prince of Wales Road, Sheffield s9 4ex
- •Redundancies
- •Reports
- •Specimen reports
- •Memorandum
- •Finance
- •Conclusions
- •Agency report
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •Advertisements
- •Applying for a position
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Furstenweg 110
- •Specimen letters
- •Questions
- •Invitation for an interview
- •International Computing Services pic
- •Making a decision
- •Openings
- •Accepting a position
- •International Computing Services pic
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
- •Advertisements
- •Applying for a position
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Furstenweg 110
- •Specimen letters
- •Questions
- •Invitation for an interview
- •International Computing Services pic
- •Making a decision
- •Openings
- •Accepting a position
- •International Computing Services pic
- •Points to remember
- •Words to remember
12 Insurance
Insurance procedures; fire and accident insurance and claims; marine insurance: Lloyd's of London; marine insurance policies and claims
12.1
Insurance procedures
Companies and individuals protect themselves against loss, damage, or injury by taking out insurance policies, which are contracts against possible future risks. The usual process of insuring a business or oneself is as follows:
A proposal form is completed by the firm or person who wants insurance cover. This tells the insurance company what is to be insured, how much the policy is worth, how long it is to run, and under what conditions insurance is to be effected, as the policy may not automatically cover the insured against all risks. Underwriters, who will pay compensation in the case of a claim, then work out the premium, i.e. the price of insurance.
The premium is usually quoted in pence per cent, i.e. pence per hundred pounds. This means that for every £100 of insurance you will have to pay x pence. So if you insure your stereo for £800 at 25p%, you will have to pay £2.00 per annum for the premium.
If the insurers are satisfied with the information given on the proposal form, they will issue a cover note. This is not the policy itself, but an agreement that the goods are covered until the policy is ready. Once the policy is sent it will tell the client that he is indemnified against loss, damage, or injury under the conditions of the policy. Indemnification means that the insurance company will compensate the client to restore him to his original position before the loss or damage. Therefore, if you insured your car for £4,000 and three months later it was damaged, you would not receive £4,000 for the car, but its market price, which might have depreciated by 20% to £3,200. The insurance company will also have the right of subrogation, which means they can now claim the wrecked vehicle and sell it for any price they can get.
In the case of injury or death to an insured person, or in the case of Life Assurance, where a fixed amount is to be paid over the years so that a total sum, or pension, will be paid at the end of a period, the principle of benefit payment comes into operation. This means that the injured person will be paid compensation based on loss of earnings or suffering. Life Assurance payments are calculated on annual contributions, plus interest the company received on investing the premiums.
Insurance companies are large institutional investors on the stock market, and by investing premiums they are able to cover claims for compensation or pay on Life Assurances policies, which have matured.
12.2
Fire and accident insurance
12.2.1
Fire insurance
Fire insurance companies offer three main types of insurance policy:
1. insurance of home and business premises and their contents;
2. 'special perils' policies, which protect the insured person against loss or damage due to special factors, e.g. flooding or earthquakes;
3. consequential loss insurance, which insures against loss of profit in the period after a fire, e.g. while a factory is being rebuilt.
12.2.2
Accident insurance
Accident insurance covers four areas:
1. Insurance of liability, which covers employers' liabilities for industrial accidents, accidents to people attending functions on company business, and motor insurance.
2. Property insurance, which is part of the service fire offices provide, but also includes a wide range of protection against riots, terrorism, gas explosions, etc. Usually, the client takes out an all risk policy offering full protection.
3. Personal accident insurance, which offers compensation in the form of benefit payments to people injured or killed in outings, playing games, e.g. ice hockey, or travelling by train, coach or aircraft.
4. Insurance of interest protects firms against making costly mistakes. For example, publishers might want to cover themselves against libel, i.e. being sued for publishing something which damages someone's reputation. Accountants and lawyers protect themselves with insurance of interest. We can also include under this head Fidelity Bonds, under which firms insure against their employees defrauding them, or stealing from them.
12.2.3
Claims
Companies and individuals make claims for loss, damage, or accident, by filling in a claims form, which tells the insurance company what has happened. If the insurers accept the claim, often after an investigation, they will then pay compensation.
The insurance company will not pay compensation if the claimant was negligent; or suffered the injury or loss outside the terms of the policy; or misled the insurers when obtaining insurance, e.g. overvalued the article; or insured the same thing twice; or gave false information on the proposal form.
The insurer may, of course, offer less compensation than the claimant is asking for. If the claimant disagrees with the offer, he can call in an independent assessor, and then, if necessary, take the case to court. But usually insurance companies are quite reasonable in their assessments, and small claims are sometimes paid without question.
United Warehouses Ltd.
Chairman: B.R. MacDonald A.C.A. Directors: M.S. Souness, A. Gemill M.Sc.,