Essential Vocabulary

capital goods — основные средства, средства производства capital resources - капитал компании, собственные

фонды consumer п - потребитель

consumer goods - потребительские товары, товары народного потреблен ия

economics n - экономика, народное хозяйство entrepreneur п - предприниматель entrepreneurship п - предпринимательство factor of production - движущая сила производства fee п - вознаграждение, гонорар, for a fee - за плату goods п — товар, товары

human resources - кадры, персонал, людские резервы

natural resources - природные богатства

need п — первостепенная необходимость, жизненная

потребность producer п - производитель product п - продукт, продукция production п - производство

purchase п - покупка, закупка, v - покупать закупать

resource п — ресурсы, возможности

satisfy v - удовлетворять (кого-л.; чьи-л. требования,

запросы) scarcity п — нехватка, дефицит service п - оказание услуг, обслуживание survival п - выживание

technological advances - технический прогресс technology п — техника, технические и прикладные науки want п — необходимость, потребность, нужда

Exercises

|* Translate the following words and word combinations or find Russian equivalents.

1. to make delivery

2. wide range of goods

3. existing resources

4. necessary for survival

5. beyond what is needed for survival

6. to provide a service

7. to increase efficiency in the workplace

8. to take the risk

9. to start a new business

10. to introduce a new product

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. In economic terms, a good is a physical object that can be purchased.

2. The need for making choices arises from the problem of scarcity.

3. Resources that can be used to produce goods and servic­es are called factors of production.

4. A natural resource is considered a factor of produc­tion only when it is used to produce goods and to pro­vide services.

5. Economists make an important distinction between capital goods and consumer goods.

6. Technological advances in the computer industry, for example, have increased efficiency in the workplace.

Fill the gaps in the sentences below with the words and expressions from the box. There are two expressions which you don't need to use.

producers, factors of production, human resource, technology, wants, service, capital resources, consumer goods, entrepreneur, economics

1. The study of the choices people make in a effort to sat- isfy their wants and needs is called .

2. A is an action or activity done for others for

a fee.

3. The people who make the goods and provide services that satisfy consumers' wants and needs are called

4. _ are those goods or services that people con- sume beyond what is needed for survival.

5. Resources that can be used to produce goods and servic- es are called .

6. The money and capital goods that are used to produce consumer products are called .

7. The use of science to create new products or more effi- cient ways to produce products is called .

8. The is a person who attempts to start a

new business or introduce a new product.

Find English equivalents for the following Russian expressions and words.

1. движущая сила производства

2. природные богатства

3. кадры

4. выживание

5. открыть новое дело/бизнес

6. за плату

7. товары народного потребления

8. средства производства

9. технический прогресс 10. внедрить новый продукт

Translate the following sentences.

1. Термин «продукт» часто используется для названия как товаров, так и услуг.

2. Экономисты обычно классифицируют товары и услу­ги, которые необходимы для выживания, как жиз­ненно необходимые.

3. Любое человеческое усилие, прилагаемое в произ­водственном процессе, рассматривается как людские резервы.

4. Цель предпринимательства — создать новый продукт или новые факторы производства и таким образом создать что-либо_? имеющее ценность.

5. Поскольку посыльный использует велосипед для до­ставки, чтобы обеспечить услуги, велосипед рассмат­ривается как средство производства.

6. Дефицит существует потому, что потребности и же­лания людей больше, чем имеющиеся в наличии ре­сурсы для их удовлетворения.

_{Unit 2. LISTENING}

_{APPLYING FOR A JOB}

5* Before you listen to Dialogue No 1 use Glossary to match the words below with their definitions.

1. in terview

2. advertisement

3. experience

4. appointment

5. qualification

6. application

1. a public notice, usually printed in a newspaper, of goods for sale or ser­vices offered; or of goods or services wanted.

2. a letter of an employer asking for em­ployment.

3. an office for which a person has been chosen.

4. something such as a degree or a dip­loma that you get when you success­fully finish a course of study.

5. a formal meeting in which someone asks you questions to find out if you are suitable for a job, course of study, etc.

6. knowledge and skill gained through time spent doing a job or activity.

7 Listen to Dialogue No 1 between two speakers and answer the questions below. Then listen again and check your answers.

1. How do most companies recruit new staff?

2. What kind of information is usually given in job adver­tisements?

3. Do the employers try to attract as many people as possi­ble by job advertisements?

g* Complete the dialogue using the words from the box. There are two words which you don't need to use.

experience, advertisement, interview, appointment, qualifications, applicant, specification

JAMES: Hello, James Brown speaking.

BRIAN: Good morning. My name is Brian Carpenter. I've just

seen an (1) in the * International Herald

Tribune*. It said you were looking for a Sales Manager. I'm very interested in this (2) .

JAMES: Well, would you please give me some details about yourself. What did you say your name was?

BRIAN: Brian Carpenter.

JAMES: Fine. And what about your (3) , Mr.

Carpenter?

BRIAN: I got my BSc in Management. 1 went to Columbia University.

JAMES: OK. Then tell me please about your work

(4) .

BRIAN: My last position was a Sales Manager for Bro^n & Brown. Before that I worked for Corn way Motors for 8 years.

JAMES: Good. I think, we can invite you for an

(5) on Tuesday morning, 10 a.m.

BRIAN: Thank you. Good-bye.

JAMES: Good-bye. Thank you for calling.