Vocabulary development

Task 1. Match the words on the left with the words or phrases of similar meaning on the right.

1. asylum (n)	a) clever, skillful
2. dexterous (adj)	b) arguable, disputable
3. diversity (n)	c) unwilling
4. trespass (v)	d) refuge
5. moot (adj)	e) variety
6. involuntary (adj)	f) intrude
7. intervene (v)	g) interfere
8. identity	h) false, fake
9. incentive	i) individuality, particularity
10.bogus	j) encouragement, motive

Task 2. Match the word with its definition.

1. nation a) the quality of being ingenuous; cleverness

2. nationality b) to give allegiance or support

3. type c) stable community of people with a territory, history,

culture and language in common

4. stereotype d) a fixed or conventional notion or conception

5. adhere e) behaviour typical of a person or group

6. ingenuity f) a class, group, etc. with characteristics in common

7. character g) the status of belonging to a nation by birth or

naturalization

8. diversity h) variety, difference

9. realignment i) be tired, with no freedom of movement

10. be bond j) drawing lines for new borders

Task 3. a) Give the opposite to the following words.

Sensitive, good-mannered, quiet, refined, generous, modest, admirable,

b) Here are some other words commonly associated with certain nationalities. From the list below find as many pairs of opposites as possible.

Reserved, lively, talkative, polite, aggressive, boring, hard-working, inflexible, lazy, inscrutable, cheerful, frank, hypocritical, genuine, eccentric, fun, well-organized, male-chauvinist, flamboyant, unpunctual.

c) From the list below find as many synonymous pairs as possible.

Generous, diligent, hospitable, firm, industrious, sociable, feeble, full or due to pride, solid, polite and gracious, gregarious, weak, arrogant, courteous, noble-minded, friendly and solicitous towards guests.

Task 4. Arrange the adjectives into two groups as for the positive and negative features of character.

Industrious, gregarious, strong willed, suspicious, mercenary, arrogant, snobbish, superstitious, stubborn, tolerant, trustworthy, gentle, superiour, reserved, conservative, friendly, thrifty, hospitable, lazy, solid, intelligent, cautious, talkative.

Task 5. Fill in the blanks with the suitable words from the box.

To outlaw, expulsion, to dissent, to adjust, mourner, to intervene, bias

1. Countries like Spain and France ordered mass … of ethnic or religious minorities.

2. I strongly … from what the last speaker has said.

3. Skinheads beat up … who gathered by the bomb site. The police did not….

4. The first important piece of legislation in the US … discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex or national origin was the Civil Rights Act 1964.

5. Muslims in particular, is the strongest of all … against ethnic, racial and religious groups.

6. I was trying … to the demands of a society with which I was relatively unfamiliar.

_{Task 6. Fill in the gaps using the words in the box.}

_{A. There is no such thing as a … American, but there are some views of Americans which many think are fair.}

_{Ordinary Americans are friendly and not afraid of showing their feelings. They are not as … or class-conscious as the English, and the way people speak is not … to them. A University professor can talk to his students in a broad Brooklyn or Southern accent. However, there is “money …” in the USA which sometimes takes strange forms.}

_{The American's dream is … in his job, success … by his own skill and hard work. There is no one an American … more that the self-made man, no matter what kind of family he comes from, whereas upper-class people in Britain still tender to dislike … men and find them socially unacceptable.}

_{Self-made, success, typical, important, snobbish, earned, admires, snobbery}

_{B. Englishmen are naturally … and are never tired of saying “Thank you” and “I'm sorry”. They are generally …, you never hear loud talk in the street. They do not rush for seats in buses and trains, but they take their seats in queues at bus stops. They will never shut the door in your face but will hold it open for you.}

_{English people do not … … when meeting one another, they just smile and say “Hello!” they say “How do you do” sometimes, but not very often, only to people they meet for the … …. .}

_{Englishmen do not … their emotions even in tragic situations. They seem to remain … and … under difficulties.}

_{First time, polite, show, good-tempered, shake hands, well-bred, cheerful}

_{C. First of all, let us see, what has been influencing the formation of the Belarusian national … . Let’s start with natural and climatic conditions.}

_{Sharp contrasts outside, inside and in the souls are not … for Belarus. The Belarusian character has no … and tense readiness for unexpected dangers. The nature of Belarus doesn't know storms or any cataclysms in general. Therefore, the Belarusians are … and on the whole optimistic, they never … a misfortune.}

_{The Belarusians are accustomed to work hard, so as to produce something on this soil, sand or clay, that is why they are patient and … . The environmental peculiarities require our universality. Diligence and universalty are helping us … . Moreover, the Belarusians are undemanding and … . A Belarusian does not need very much any external demonstrations, he is more oriented at internal work.}

_{Modest, hardworking, typical, character, somberness, expect, to survive, trustful}