7. Correct the statements:

1) Oil cargo residue must be discharged in Special Areas.

2) Special Areas only include the Black and Baltic Seas.

3) Oil cargo residue can be discharged into the sea if the tanker is more than 12 miles from shore.

4) Oil cargo residue can be discharged if the tanker is at anchor.

5) The rate of discharge is 300 litres per nautical mile.

6) The total amount can be more than 1/30,000 of the particular cargo.

7) All tankers over 400 GRT must have an Oil Record Book Part 2.

8) The Oil Record Book Part 2 is kept by the Engine Department.

9) The Oil Record Book for machinery space procedures must be on all vessels.

10) Cargo tanks must not be used as slop tanks.

8. Test Yourself!

More often today we hear about the pollution of the sea which threatens us all. This invaluable source of life is in serious danger from garbage pollution.

One way or another, thousands of tons of garbage find their way to the sea everyday. Waste originated from certain industries, ships and offshore oil platforms, and people that visit the beaches, contribute to the increasing problem, so that eventually every kind of useless material ends up at sea and on shore.

How conscious are you of the problem of marine pollution? Check your knowledge by answering the questions on the simple test which follows. If all your answers are correct, then you are ready to influence the people around you and show them the need to preserve the environment. Educate yourself so that you can begin to take action!

1) What amount of garbage is being dumped into the seas of our planet everyday? ______4,000 tons ______ 6,000 tons ______17,000 tons

2) How often are the waters of the Mediterranean Sea renewed? ______ 20 Years ______ 25 Years ______80 Years

3) Most garbage “disappears” at sea with the movement of currents and the salt of the sea water. ______ True ______ False

(4) Write five types of garbage that in your opinion are most often seen on beaches.

______ Plastic and glass bottles ______ Plastic bags ______ Tin and beverage cans ______ Used machinery parts ______ Wood ______ Synthetic nets ______ Rags ______ Food waste ______ Car tires ______ Dead animals... (5) Garbage that sinks is the least dangerous because it dissolves fast in the sand of the sea bottom. ______ True ______ False

(6) Floating garbage is not so harmful - only aesthetically damaging. ______ True ______ False

(7) Do you know how long it takes for the following objects to dissolve at sea?

______ Bus ticket ______ Cotton cloth ______ Rope ______ Woollen cloth ______ Painted wood

______ Tin can ______ Aluminium can ______ Plastic bottle ______ Glass bottle

(8) What is the total length of the coastline of Greece? (9) Who is responsible for the protection of the marine environment. ___ Port Authorities ___The Ministry of Environment ___ All of us, together with the State

1. Stowaways. Part I.

Stowaway is an unauthorized person boarding a ship and keeping out of sight for the purpose of sailing without paying the passage, naturally without the knowledge of the officers on board and other authorities from ashore.

Although stowaways are known to board ships at almost any port, the main routes they take tend to be from European departure points, to ports in Canada and the USA, and from African harbours to ports in Northern Europe and the USA.

Experience has shown that Container Ships are particularly vulnerable for the following reasons:

- Container ships regularly trade between Europe and North America and also between African and European ports.

- Empty containers offer ideal transportation opportunities for stowaways. - There is a wide variety of hiding places aboard a container ship. - The open plan of container ports and their low level of security makes them easily accessible and provides able opportunity for potential stowaways.

Every effort must be made to prevent stowaways from boarding when a vessel is in port or lying at anchor. Gangway and anchor watches should be mounted and the watchkeepers should be diligent in their duties. Stowaways have been known to get on board by posing as stevedores, by hiding in empty containers with the collusion of stevedores and crew and by climbing up cables and boarding during the day or night. During the night, and during non-working periods, it is recommended that the gangway be raised to deter unauthorized boarding.

Even with the most thorough watchkeeping, determined stowaways will still find methods of getting on board. Regular searches of the vessel must always be carried out whilst in port and a carefully executed search of the entire vessel immediately prior to sailing. Routine ship-board searches are probably the most effective way of detecting stowaways.

When stowaway searches are carried out, an appropriate entry should be made in the ship's log.