10. Answer the following questions.

1. How many types of engines do you know? What is the difference between them?

2. What purpose do the propellers serve for?

3. What is bow thruster?

4. What is rudder?

5. What other parts and equipment do you know?

6. How is the cargo loaded and discharged?

7. What are coamings served for?

8. What is windlass?

9. How are derricks operated?

The fore part of a ship is called the bow and the rear part is called the stern. We say that the ship is moving astern when she is moving stern first. When the ship is moving bow first she is said to be moving ahead. The area between the forward and aft portions of the vessel is called amidships. The right side of a ship facing the bow is called the starboard side, and the left side is called the port side.

Three basic requirements of ships are the ability to float (buoyancy), the ability to stay together (strength), and the ability to stay right side up (stability).

The maximum breadth of a ship is the beam. The total length measured from the foremost to the aftermost points of a ship’s hull is called the length overall. The draught is the depth of the ship’s bottom or keel below the water surface. The forward draught is measured at the bow and the draught aft at the stern. The maximum permitted draught varies according to the zones, seasonal periods and waters in which the ship plies. The distance between the waterline and the main deck is the ship’s freeboard.

The displacement is the weight of the water which the ship displaces in tonnes. The cargo capacity is either the volume of the ship’s cargo space in cubic metres or feet or the weight of the cargo she carries in tonnes. The deadweight is the maximum weight of cargo which the ship can carry in tonnes. The other important characteristics are: the machinery output — in horse powers hp or kilowatts kw; the service speed – in knots.

What is the origin of the terms port and starboard on a boat?

"Starboard" and "port" are the standard terms for right side and left side, respectively. The right side had a steering board that hung over the side of the ship (before the invention of rudders). Like most of the rest of society, there were many more right-handed sailors than left-handed sailors. This meant that the steering board used to be affixed to the right side of the ship.

So, combination of two Old English words: stéor, meaning "steer" and bord, meaning "the side of a boat or a ship" which is where the term starboard comes from. The actual origin of the term "port" is speculated to be because the left side of old merchant sailing ships had a loading or entry port. If the steering board hung over the right side, the boat would need to dock on its left side, or put into port on its left side. The term may have come from the fact that cargo was routinely loaded from the port onto the left-hand side."Port" was officially accepted over "larboard" by Britain's Royal Navy in the 1840s.