11. Give brief answers to the following questions:

1. What is bow?

2. What is stern?

3. What is the origin of the terms port and starboard?

4. What is the draught of a ship?

5. What is the freeboard of a ship?

6. Is there any difference between the ship’s displacement and her deadweight?

7. What is buoyancy?

8. What is stability?

9. What is strength?

10. What is LOA?

11. What is deadweight? In what units is it expressed?

12. What do we call “amidships”?

12. Write or act out a conversation aboard the ship. A captain is showing a ship to a sailor and the sailor knows absolutely nothing about this ship. Use the following diagram to help you.

Ship’s Hull.

General Arrangement. Dry Cargo Vessel

1. Flag.

2. Flagstaff.

3. Poop deck.

4. Poop.

5. Upper deck.

6. Second deck.

7. Tweendeck.

8. Hatch.

9. Main mast.

10. Boat gear.

11. Funnel.

12. Boat deck.

13. Navigating bridge deck.

14. Wheel house top.

15. Midship superstructure.

16. Fore mast.

17. Cargo handling gear.

18. Anchor gear.

19. Forecastle.

20. Forepeak.

21. Chain locker.

22. Forepeak bulkhead.

23. Double bottom tank.

24. Hold.

25. Deck house.

26. Transverse bulkhead.

27. Double bottom plating.

28. Engine room.

29. Superstructure deck.

30. Boiler room.

31. Shaft tunnel.

32. Afterpeak bulkhead.

33. Afterpeak.

34. Propulsion installation.

35. Steering gear.

36. Steering compartment. Steering gear compartment. Tiller room, tiller compartment.

13. Relative Clauses.

Use relative clauses to provide extra information. This information can either define something (defining clause), or provide unnecessary, but interesting, added information (non-defining clause).

Defining relative clauses are used to specify which person or thing we mean. We don't put commas between the noun and a defining relative clause.

Who or that are used for people. Which or that are used for things.

e.g. I have a friend who speaks five languages. I have a friend that speaks five languages.

Non-defining relative clauses (extra information clauses) are used to add extra information to a sentence. We put commas between the noun and a non-defining relative clause.

Who is used for people. Which is used for things. That cannot be used.

e.g. Mr Fry, who speaks five languages, works as a translator for the EU. The area, which has very high unemployment, is in the north of the country.

Relative pronouns
We use who or that when we talk about people. Who is more formal than that.	This is the man who helped us. (more formal) This is the man that helped us. (less formal)
We use which or that when we talk about things (not people). Which is more formal than that.	It's the watch which my husband bought me for my birthday. (more formal) It's the watch that my husband bought me for my birthday. (less formal)
Which and that can be left out of a defining relative clause when the pronoun refers to the object of the sentence.	It's the watch my husband bought me for my birthday. In this sentence, “the watch” is the object of the verb “bought” and so we don't need to use that or which.
Which and that cannot be left out of a defining relative clause when the pronoun refers to the subject of the sentence.	It was the man that sold me the car. In this sentence, “the man” is the subject of the verb 'sold' and so we need to use a relative pronoun that or who.
We use whose to show possession.	John, whose brother was also a musician, plays over 100 concerts every year.
We use where when we talk about place.	My wife and I went back to the bar where we first met.