7. Work with a study partner. You are going to read a report about weather in Scandinavia. Learn the new words. Cold weather

In Scandinavia, the chilly (1) days of autumn soon change to the cold days of winter. The first frosts(2) arrive and the roads become icy. Rain becomes sleet (3) and then snow, at first turning to slush (4) in the streets, but soon setting (5), with severe blizzards (6) and snowdrifts (7) in the far north. Freezing weather often continues in the far north until May or even June, when the ground starts to thaw (8) and the ice melts (9) again.

1 – cold, but not very

2 – thin white coat of ice on everything

3 – rain and snow mixed

4 – dirty, brownish, half-snow, half-water

5 – staying as a white covering

6 – snow blown by high winds

7 – deep banks of snow against walls, etc

8 – change from hard, frozen state to normal

9 – change from solid to liquid under heat

Write 7-10 sentences about climate in your country, using the new vocabulary.

8. Warm/hot weather.

close – warm and uncomfortable

stifling – hot, uncomfortable, you can hardly breathe

humid – hot and damp, makes you sweat a lot

scorching – very hot, often used in positive contexts

boiling – very hot, often used in negative contexts

mild – warm at a time when it is normally cold

Wet weather.

This wet weather scale gets stronger from left to right.

Damp – drizzle – pour down/downpour – torrential rain – flood

9. Make up your own examples with the given words.

This rain won’t last long; it’s only a shower. (short duration)

The storm damaged several houses. (high winds and rain together)

We got very wet in the thunderstorm. (thunder and heavy rain)

Hailstones were battering the roof of our car. (small balls of ice falling from the sky)

Note: hail (uncountable)

The sky’s a bit overcast; I think it’s going to rain. (very cloudy)

We had a drought last summer. It didn’t rain for six weeks.

10. Make up your own Disaster Vocabulary.

1. A violent and heavy snowstorm is called a _______________.

2. When crops fail and livestock die through lack of water because of no rain there is a ___.

3. The above situation could cause massive starvation through lack of food. This situation is called a _______________.

4. When the land violently moves or shakes especially around fault lines it's called an ___.

5. When the above situation causes a huge body of seawater to move in towards the shore it is known as a _______________.

6. When there is a violent outbreak of lawlessness by people it's called a _______________.

7. A loud noise and sometimes huge force created by something like a bomb is known as an _________________.

8. A violent wind that twist round and round and causes massive destruction is called a ___.

9. A disease that spreads rapidly amongst a lot of people in the same area is called an _____.

10. Something that makes the air, rivers, or seas dirty is known as ______________.

11. Read the text about weather forecasting and then do the comprehension check questions.

Weather forecasting is of great value to a great many people across the face of the planet. Weather is collected from various points across our country and around the world to give us a picture of what the weather might look like months, weeks, days or even minutes in advance. These reports tell about the temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind and many other conditions.

Weather stations use instruments such as the barometer (air pressure), the anemometer (wind speed), and the thermometer (temperature), to measure changes in the weather. They are used by scientists called meteorologists to forecast the weather. The value of knowing in advance what the weather is going to be can't be underestimated. Storms such as hurricanes and tornadoes can result in tremendous loss of life and property. If we have advanced warning of a storm headed our direction, we will have time to take shelter or to prepare for the problems the storm might bring. Through the use of satellites in outer space and ground based radar, scientists have increased our knowledge of when and how severe a storm might be. 1. A weather forecast is a _________________________.

1. guess

2. scientific prediction

3. report of past events

4. report of current events

2. A weather station ______________________ weather conditions.

1. reports

2. causes

3. changes

4. influences

3. Weather Stations ______________________ weather observations.

1. predict

2. inhibit

3. ignore

4. make

4. Weather stations report _____________________________.

1. infrequently

2. Temperatures

3. sports scores

4. geologic conditions

5. A prediction is the reporting of __________________ events.

1. present

2. past

3. future

4. fictional

6. A weather scientist is called a __________________.

1. meteorologist

2. astrologer

3. rain maker

4. geologist

7. A tornado can be predicted using a ____________________.

1. tuning fork

2. thermometer

3. barometer

4. satellite

8. Weather forecasts are given __________________.

1. yearly

2. monthly

3. daily

4. twice a year

9. The weather is ________________________.

1. predictable

2. unpredictable

3. hard to understand

4. impossible to understand

10. An instrument called ____ is used to measure wind speed.

1. a thermometer

2. a barometer

3. an anemometer

4. a seismograph

12. Weather Instruments.

The weather forecast that helped you plan activities for this week was probably made by a meteorologist. A meteorologist is a person who studies the weather. Meteorologists need many kinds of data before the weather can be predicted.

The ability to make accurate weather forecasts is directly related to the speed at which large amounts of data can be analyzed. This is where the greatest advances have been made during the past few decades. By contrast, the accuracy of measuring instruments has not changed greatly.

When you step outdoors, the air temperature may be the first weather condition you notice. In fact, you probably dressed a certain way to be comfortable at that temperature. If the air temperature is around 15°C you might wear a sweater.

Thermometers measure air temperature. Thermometers work because matter expands when heated. Most thermometers are closed glass tubes containing liquids such as alcohol. When air around the tube heats the liquid, the liquid expands and moves up the tube. A scale that shows the temperature is on, or attached to, the tube.

A barometer measures air pressure. An Italian scientist named Torricelli built the first barometer in 1643. People still use mercury barometers based on Torricelli's design to measure air pressure

A psychrometer measures relative humidity, using the cooling effect of evaporation. Two thermometers are used in a psychrometer. Notice that a wet cloth covers the end of one of the thermometers. Water evaporates from this cloth,causing the temperature on that thermometer to be lower than the other.

An anemometer, like the one shown in the picture, measures wind speed. The cups catch the wind, turning a dial attached to the instrument. The dial shows the wind speed. Wind speed can be estimated without special tools however.

Weather balloons measure weather conditions higher in the atmosphere.

Meteorologists place all of their data that they collect on to a weather map. By means of certain symbols, a single weather map can indicate atmospheric conditions above a large portion of the earth's surface.

Weather satellites are able to photograph and track large - scale air movements. Then meteorologists compile and analyze the data with the help of computers.