III. Post-reading stage:

2. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following:

• to belong • to act on the advice of the ministers

• parliamentary work • to gain the confidence

• the head of the government • formal approval

• written guarantee • tribunal

• to form the cabinet

3. Give English equivalents for the following:

• державні справи • глава системи правосуддя

• законодавча влада • повноваження королеви

• призначати платню • обмежені парламентом

• верховна влада • представник держави

• збройні сили • пряме голосування

4. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Use the phrases:

Exactly so Sure (ly), I agree with you, It is really so, Of course/On the contrary, It is not quite s&; I can't agree with you, You are wrong

1. The Prime Minister presides over the Cabinet

2. The Parliament limits the powers of the Queen.

3. The Cabinet is headed by the Queen.

4. The Queen and the Parliament exercise the legislative power.

5. The seats in the House of Lords are not inherited.

6. The universal suffrage was introduced in 1928.

7. The power of the Queen in Britain is Absolute.

5. Answer the following questions:

1. What kind of state is Great Britain?

2. Who is officially the head of state?

3. What is the structure of the political system of Great Britain?

4. In whose hands is the legislative power in Great Britain?

5. What is the body of the legislative power?

6. What does the term "English Constitution" mean?

7. What kind of Parliament has Great Britain?

8. When was the British Parliament formed?

9. Who usually becomes the Prime Minister?

10. How often are general elections held?

11. Who is the head of the Government?

12. How many chambers are there in the British Parliament?

13. What are the functions of the Parliament?

IV. Practice Drills:

1. Study the chart "Great Britain" (Parliamentary Monarchy and Political Parties) and discuss information in the form of questions and answers.

Great Britain (Parliamentary Monarchy)

Parliament - the supreme legislative body __________Government___________

the House of The House of The Sovereign The Prime Minister

Commons Lords (King or Queen) (the leader of the Party of the

(elected, 635 (not elected, about reigns, but does majority)

M.P. 450 seats) 1000 peers not rule ___^____________' _______

The Speaker The Lord Chancel- The centre of The Cabinet The official

(presiding offi- lor (Speaker of the pomp and cere- (appointed residence

cer of the House of Lord) mony (the speech by the (Downing

House of from the Throne; Prime Min- Street. 10)

Commons) the changing of ister)

Residence: Buckingham Palace

The Power

(hereditary, not elective)

Great Britain (Main Political Parties)

The Conservative the Labour Party the Liberal Party The Communist Party

Party (Tory) (re- (professes socialists (represents mer- (organized in 1920,

presents the mo- aims; practical pro- chants, finance defends the interests of

nopolists and land- gramme - capitalist capitalists, landed working people and

owners) reorganization) aristocracy) socialism)

2. Role play the following situations:

Situation 1. You are invited to take part in the discussion about Great Britain. Make a report on political life of the country. Describe your own impressions of visiting Great Britain. Be ready to answer students' questions.

Situation 2. You are in the plane flying from Ukraine to Great Britain. Ask the guide questions on rivers, mountains, lakes, natural resources, industrial centres of Great Britain.

Useful expressions:

You should see - Вам треба було б подивитись.

May I give you some suggestions? - Можна я дам Вам кілька пропозицій? I'd like to give you apiece of advice - Я б хотів Вам порадити. Most willingly - охоче; I'd be grateful for your advice - Був би вдячний за Вашу пораду.

UNIT 1.3. UKRAINE

(Лексичний мінімум основ міжкультурної свідомості з визначенням

взаємостосунків, взаємовідносин, регіональних та соціальних відмінностей між Україною та Великобританією)

Обсяг матеріалу: географічне положення, територія, населення, природа, клімат, адміністративний поділ України. Відносини України з Великобританією. Визначні особи України.

Студент повинен:

знати лексико-граматичний мінімум, що належить до сфери країнознавчої ле­ксики; культурні та країнознавчі особливості України;

уміти розповісти про Україну та її співпрацю з іншими країнами та міжнарод­ними організаціями.

І. Pre-reading stage:

1. What countries does Ukraine border on?

2. What are the main rivers in Ukraine?

3. What is a number of people living in Ukraine?

4. What is the territory of Ukraine?

5. What branches of economy are developed in Ukraine?

6. Why our economy is interested in oil and gas pipelines going through the terri­tory of Ukraine?

7. What is the biggest treasure in our country?

8. What are the main agricultural cultures grown in our country?

9. What is the industrial potential of Ukraine?

1. Study the following words and combinations:

1. to be located - бути розташованим

2. to be criss-crossed - перехрещуватися

2. to ensure - забезпечувати, гарантувати

3. highway - автомагістраль

4. watershed - басейн

5. pipeline - трубопровід

6. high-voltage transmission lines - високовольтні лінії передач

7. above sea level - над рівнем моря

8. depth - глибина

9. deposit - родовище

10. up-to-date - сучасний

11. synthetic diamonds - штучні діаманти

12. fuel-паливо

П. While-reading stage:

2. Read and translate the text.

UKRAINE'S ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL

ECONOMIC RELATIONS

On the map of the world you can find a new independent state with a thousand-year-old history - Ukraine. It borders on Belarus and Russia in the north and in the east. In the west Ukraine is bounded by Moldova, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia and Poland. Great areas are occupied by steppes and forest-steppe regions. The main part of Ukraine is lo­cated in the watershed of the Dnipro River, which divides Ukraine into two parts: Right-Bank and Left-Bank Ukraine.

The territory of our country has an astonishing variety of landscapes. We have high mountains, endless forests, beautiful rivers and lakes. The largest lake of Ukraine is Swit-yaz, its total area is 24.2 sq.km and the depth is 58.5 metres.

Within the borders of Ukraine we find the Carpathian Mountains with the highest peak Hoverla (2061) which is located in the Chornohora massif.

The Crimean Mountains stretch in three parallel ranges. The Main Range is the highest, rising to 1500 m above sea level. Its highest peak is Roman Kosh (1545 m.).

To have an idea of Ukraine's economic potential and define the scale of reforms which must be carried out let us get acquainted with some objective data. Ukraine is situ­ated in the geographical center of Europe. The country occupies a territory of 604 thou­sand square kilometers. Ukrainian's population is 48 million, more than 74 percent of whom are Ukrainians. For comparison the population of Germany is 79.7 million people, Great Britain - 57, Poland - 39, Finland - 5. Ten million ethnic Ukrainians live outside the country on the territories of the former Soviet Union, and close to 5 million live in other foreign countries. The diaspora is the strongest in Canada and the USA. There are 6 cities in Ukraine with a population of over 1 million.

Ukraine takes a leading place in iron ore extraction, production of steel, cast iron, tractors, mineral fertilizers, sugar, and grain; it also succeeded in coal mining, producing concrete, electric energy and various equipments.

In the south of the country Ukraine has access to the Black Sea and the Sea of Above which are connected with the ocean. Twenty-seven thousand kilometers of rail­roads intertwine throughout the territory of Ukraine.

Oil and gas pipelines of international significance go through the territory of Ukraine. Fees from transit oil and gas pipelines pay for most of the imported products. Ukraine's main importers of oil and gas are Russia and Turkmenistan. In spite of great re­serves of coal, the importance of rock-coal in the energy balance is decreasing, and this tendency will continue in the future because the layers are located very deep and their ex­traction becomes more and more costly. That is why Ukraine should pay more attention to regeneration sources of energy: solar, wind, hydrothermal, and even more attention to re­sources and energy saving technologies.

Steppes and plains compose the most part of the territory of Ukraine. The top soils are mainly black. They are the biggest treasure of the Ukrainian land. 25 percent of world's black rich soils are in Ukraine. Together with the fact, that Ukraine's climate is mainly moderately continental, it allows for considerable progress in agricultural production under the conditions of market economy. Sugar beets, wheat, rye, barley, oats, corn, sun flower, flax, buckwheat, potatoes, onions, tomatoes, cabbages, also a large variety of grain cultures, fruits and vegetables are grown in Ukraine.

Because of her potential Ukraine is an industrial-agricultural country. Her machine-building potential includes tractors and agricultural machine-building, production of diesel locomotives and railroad cars, automobiles, rockets, sea and river vessels, refrigerators, TV-sets, electric motors, equipment for metallurgic, chemical, mine and textile industries.

Natural and human recourses are sufficient for creating a developed internal market and becoming a friendly and equal partner in the world market.

3. Find equivalents in two columns:

To border розділяти

To divide соняшник

Neighbour вугілля

Fertile black soil мати спільний кордон

Coal нафтопровід

-Iron ore нафта

Oil кольорова металургія

Oil pipeline льон

Independence погіршуватись

Non ferrous metallurgy цукровий буряк

Sugar beet незалежність

Flax плодоносний чорнозем

Sunflower сусід

To deteriorate залізна руда

Cast iron зменшувати

Concrete бетон

To decrease енергозберігаючі технології

Energy saving technology чавун

4. Translate the following words and word combinations:

Rock-coal, great reserves, extraction, mineral fertilizers, sea level, moderately con­tinental, considerable progress, rye, barley, oats, buckwheat, cabbages, vessel, to create, internal market.

5. Use proper tense-forms of the verbs. Translate the sentences.

1. Ukraine (to have) many rivers.

2. The Dnipro (to divide) Ukraine into two parts: Left-bank and Right-bank territo­ries.

3. Ukraine (to take) a leading place in iron ore extraction, production of steel, cast iron, tractors, mineral fertilizers, sugar, and grain.

4. Twenty-seven thousand kilometers of railroads (to intertwine) throughout the ter­ritory of Ukraine.

5. In spite of great reserves of coal, the importance of rock-coal in the energy bal­ance (to decrease), and this tendency (to continue) in the future because the layers are lo­cated very deep and their extraction (to become) more and more costly.

046. Steppes and plains (to compose) the most part of the territory of Ukraine.

7. The top soils (to be) mainly black.

8. Natural and human recourses (to be) sufficient for creating a developed internal market and becoming a friendly and equal partner in the world market.

IV. Practice Drills:

1. Speak on the topic "Geographical Position of Ukraine". Use the chart.

I. Pre-reading stage:

1. Study the following words and combinations:

1. a sovereign state - суверенна держава

2. legislative - законодавчий

3. executive - виконавчий

4. judicial - судовий

5. to be accountable to - підпорядковуватися

6. rectangular – прямокутний

)' .

7. trident - тризубець

8. the National Anthem - національний гімн

II. While-reading stage:

2. Read and translate the text.

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF UKRAINE

Ukraine is a sovereign state. On June 16, 1990 the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine passed the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine. On August 24,1991, Ukraine's in­dependence and the formation of the independent state of Ukraine was proclaimed by the Ukrainian Parliament.

On December 1,1991, an all-Ukrainian referendum was held, involving 84.18 per­cent of citizens.

Winning 61.6 percent of the votes, L.Kravchuk, the former head of the Verkhovna Rada, was elected President of Ukraine.

In 1994 L.Kuchma won the Presidential elections and became the new President of Ukraine, j

„A new state, Ukraine, appeared on the world political map in 1991. It is a democ­ratic state, which is ruled by the law. It includes 24 administrative regions and the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea. Ukraine has its own Constitution, which was adopted in 1996. The Constitution of Ukraine consists of 15 chapters (161 articles). The day of its adoption (June, 28, 1996) is a state holiday - the Day of the Constitution of Ukraine.

The political system of Ukraine is really democratic. The powers of the Government are divided into legislative, executive and judicial. The President is the head of the state. He is elected for a term of five years. *The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Verkhovna Rada. It carries out domestic and foreign policy of the state.

The Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) is the only body of the legislative power in Ukraine. It includes 450 deputies who are elected for a term of five years. The Verkhovna Rada adopts the State Budget and controls the execution of it.

Judicial power in Ukraine is led by the Supreme Court.

There are very many political parties in Ukraine. The main parties are: the Social Democratic Party, the People's Rukh of Ukraine, the Batkivshchyna, the Communist Party, the Women of Ukraine.

The National Emblem of Ukraine is a Golden Tryzub (trident) on a blue shield. The National Flag of Ukraine is a rectangular cloth with two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper colored blue and the lower golden yellow. The National Anthem has been per­formed since January 1992 (music by M.M. Verbytsky).

The National Holiday, Independence Day, is celebrated on August 24..

Now Ukraine establishes new relations with countries throughout the world. It sets direct contacts with them signing agreement and treaties.