Vocabulary – 3

Study Vocabulary – 3 and then do exercise 4.

genetically inherited proteins	генетично успадковані білки	recessive	рецесивний
immune response	імунна відповідь	universal donors	універсальні донори
blood grouping systems	системи груп крові	transfusion reactions	трансфузійні реакції
codominant	кодомінантний

Exercise 4. Fill in the gaps and translate the text.

blood grouping systems

codominant

Immune response

recessive

Rh factor

Rh-negative

Rh-positive

transfusion reactions

universal donors

Blood Types

Blood is typed or classified according to the different genetically inherited proteins on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma. These antigens affect the ability of the red blood cells to provoke an (1) ________. More than 20 groups of these proteins have now been identified, but the most familiar are the AB0 and Rh blood groups.

There are two main (2) ________: the AB0 system and the rhesus system.

In the AB0 system, the presence or absence of 2 types of antigen (named A and B) on the surface of the red blood cells determine whether a person’s blood group is A, B, AB (which has both A and B), or 0 (which has neither A nor B). People with the A antigen (group A) have anti-B antibodies; people with the B antigen (group B) have anti-A antibodies; those with both antigens (blood group AB) have neither; and those with neither antigen (group 0) have both. A and B are considered to be (3) ________, which means a child inheriting an A blood type from the mother and a B blood type from the father will most likely have an AB blood type. Only two (4) ________ 0 blood type genes from both parents will result in a child having an O blood type. People with type 0 blood are called (5) ________, because their blood can be given to people with any of the AB0 types.

Rh blood group system classifies blood groups according to the presence or absence of the Rh antigen, often called the (6) ________, on the cell membranes of the red blood cells. People with this factor are (7) ________; those without it are (8) ________. The importance of the Rh group relates mainly to pregnancy in Rh-negative women, since, if the baby is Rh positive, the mother may form antibodies against the baby’s blood.

In giving blood transfusions, it is important to use blood that is the same type as the recipient’s blood or a type to which the recipient will not show an immune reaction. Mismatches with the AB0 and Rh blood types are responsible for the most serious, sometimes life-threatening, (9) ________.

Vocabulary – 4

Study Vocabulary – 4 and then do exercise 5.

blood incompatibility	несумісність крові	low-albumin disorder	гіпоальбумінемія
blood typing	проба на сумісність	methods of fractionating	методи фракціювання крові
exchange transfusion	замінне переливання крові	packed red blood cells	еритроцитарна маса
fibrinogen	фібриноген	platelet deficiency	дефіцит тромбоцитів
fresh-frozen plasma	свіжозаморожена плпзма	serum albumin	серумальбумін
gastrointestinal bleeding	внутрішня кровотеча	trauma	травма
hemorrhage	кровотеча	washed red cells	відмиті еритроцити
hereditary bleeding disorders	спадкові порушення згортання крові	white-cell count	лейкоцитарна формула
immune globulin	імуноглобулін

Exercise 5. Translate the following text.