are sending a helicopter and some of our oil skimmers. Wish you the best of luck. CAPTAIN. We wish the same to you.

LABORATORY EXERCISES

I. Listen to the text of the lesson again and answer the following questions:

1. How is the volume of international transportation of cargoes growing during the last 3 decades? 2. How many times more has it grown nowadays as compared with 1950? 3. Does the number of transport vessels grow in proportion to the increased volume of cargoes? 4. Was it necessary to coordinate the activities of so many vessels and how it could be done? 5. Who was faced with this problem and when? 6. What organization was formed to solve this problem? 7. How many countries are now the members of the IMO? 8. When do the IMO's regulations become a compulsory law? 9. On whom is the liability imposed for strict observance of these regulations? 10. Why so much attention is paid to pre venting pollution at sea? 11. Is pollution harmful only to people? 12. Who is to see to effective execution of IMO's Regulations? 13. What for have special organizations been established? 14. What is the staff of these organizations entitled to do?

II. Ask your partner questions and make him give brief answers using the model.

Model: If you had not violated the Port Regulations, no penalty could have been imposed on you.

In what case could no penalty have been imposed on us? In case you had not violated the Port Regulations.

1.If they had coordinated their actions they could have avoided the accident.

2.If the Regulations had not been worked out we could have had more accidents.

3.If the convention had not been ratified it would not have become a compulsory law. 4. If he had paid more attention to our telegram he could have avoided the

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penalty. 5. If they had not noticed the oily slick we could have got more trouble,

III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:

***

"Do you keep an oil record book?" "Certainly, we do. Shall I show it to you."

"Yes, please. You see, I have to check your latest entries."

***

"Where do you keep your garbage?" "We have special receptacles for it." "When do you empty these receptacles?"

"We do it when the port garbage lighter comes alongside."

***

"I say, we have observed a spot of oil pollution." "Where is it?"

"Some 50 miles off shore. Approximately in position 22°17'50" North, 4°32'15" East."

"Thank you for your very useful information."

IV. Listen to each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly their contents from the point of view of} (a) one speaker, (b) the other speaker, (c) an onlooker.

Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.

V.Write the dictation:

After the Second World War the volume of transporting goods by sea has

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grown considerably. By the end of our century it is supposed to grow approximately 20 times; as compared with pre-war times. Naturally, the number of vessels engaged in this business has also grown up. The sailing of so many vessels in the world's oceans and seas made it imperative to coordinate their activities. This could be attained only by working out unified international regulations. The United Nations Organization was faced with this problem. It worked out a special convention for establishing the Inter-governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) which was charged with practical aspects of the work. Many countries supported this initiative and approved the Convention. Thus the IMCO was officially formed. It performs many functions in the world's shipping through its Committees. Many international regulations have been elaborated by the IMCO. All these regulations have been thoroughly discussed by the representatives of many countries and approved at the Assemblies. On ratification by the Governments, members of the IMCO, these regulations came into force and became a compulsory law.

Nowadays much attention is paid to preventing pollution at sea. Pollution is a serious threat to the life of people. That's why the International Convention for Preventing Pollution at Sea, elaborated by the IMCO, has become a very important document. All the countries undertake to see to the effective execution of its rules. Special organizations have been formed in almost all the countries to control the strict observance of the regulations. The staff of these organizations is entitled to inspect the equipment aboard vessels.

VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the captain, your partner — as the inspector. Then you change your parts.

(a)An inspector of the Marine Safety office has come aboard your vessel. He has found a big spot of oil near your vessel. He supposes that the oil must have been spilled from your tanker. He is going to inspect your tanks and vessels. You show him round your tanker and explain what facilities you have aboard to prevent any spillage (sealed tanks, valves, slop tanks, monitoring control system of

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pumping, etc.). Your arguments make him understand that you have nothing to do with that oily slick.

(b)An inspector of the Marine Safety office has come aboard your vessel and he wants to know where you keep your garbage and when you dump it. You explain to him that you have special receptacles for it and you dump it either in the open sea or when the slick garbage lighter comes alongside to take it.

(c)You observed a slick of oil in the open sea, some 60 miles off shore. You contact the nearest Marine Safety office by radiotelephone and report this case to them. The Marine Safety office asks you of the position of the slick and some characteristics which you might have observed. You give them all the details which you observed.

VII. Translate into English:

Объем перевозок грузов морем значительно возрос за последние 35 лет. Увеличилось и количество транспортных судов. Предполагается, что к концу нашего столетия общий тоннаж всех судов в мире достигнет 500 млн тонн. Плавание такого большого количества судов в морях и океанах мира уже сейчас вызвало много новых проблем. Прежде всего возникла необходимость координировать их деятельность. Такая проблема могла быть разрешена только общими усилиями всех стран. После второй мировой войны была создана Организация Объединенных Наций, которой пришлось заняться этим делом. ООН выработала специальную Конвенцию по созданию Межправительственной морской консультативной организации (ИМКО). Все страны поддержали инициативу ООН и утвердили Конвенцию. ИМКО было поручено разработать практическую сторону Конвенции, т. е. подготовить конкретные рекомендации и правила. Эти правила затем обсуждались и утверждались на Ассамблеях или Конференциях ИМКО. После ратификации этих правил правительствами государств, членов ИМКО, правила вступали в силу и становились обязательным законом. Другими словами, это значит, что все суда должны строго придерживаться этих правил в их практическом

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плавании. Ответственность за несоблюдение или нарушение этих правил возлагается на суда и их экипаж.

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