LESSON 19

TRANSPORTING CARGOES IN CONTAINERS BY SEA

Words and Word Combinations

to improve улучшить productivity производительность at an average в среднем

port time время стоянки в порту conventional обычный, общепринятый container-carrier контейнеровоз (судно) rate норма

advantage преимущество, выгода decade десяток, десятилетие design вд. конструкция

route маршрут, путь, дорога cellular ячеистый, клеточный viable жизнеспособный, стойкий multi-purpose многоцелевой

bulk-break cargo навалочный и сыпучий груз adequate соответствующий

fit годный, пригодный, подходящий twenty-(forty-) footers 20- (40-) футовые контейнеры structure структура, устройство

similar подобный, аналогичный angle-bar угловая сталь, угловой профиль frame рама

plate лист, пластина, плита alloy сплав

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to weld приваривать

to rivet клепать, соединять заклепками twofold двустворчатый

hinged шарнирный, подвесной latch защелка, задвижка refrigerator холодильник reefer рефрижератор

to lease брать в аренду, арендовать interchange взаимообмен

tо stuff заполнять (контейнеры) intact целый, неповрежденный

Inspection Report акт осмотра

to insure страховать, застраховывать external наружный, внешний inspection осмотр

stock запас, состав to clear up выяснить

to introduce представить, познакомить

refreshment подкрепление, восстановление сил, отдых to miss зд. недоставать, не хватать

scratch царапина to coincide совпадать extra зд. лишний misprint опечатка dent вмятина

Expressions

there is no wonder that неудивительно, что

on the basis of interchange на основе взаимообмена

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this time на этот раз, в данное время to carry out a survey провести осмотр

inefficient loss of time непроизводительная потеря времени procedure of discharging порядок выгрузки

to say nothing of не говоря уже о

to be of the same opinion быть того же мнения

Please meet Mr N. Познакомьтесь, пожалуйста, с господином Н. I wouldn't mind я ничего не имею против

things are a bit worse with немного хуже обстоит дело с willy-nilly хочешь не хочешь; волей-неволей

TEXT

According to statistics containerization has improved ship productivity from 1000 tons to 15,000 tons a day, that is, at an average, up to 15 times. It reduced ship port time from 50 to 20 per cent of voyage time. As compared with conventional vessels the cargo-handling rate of the container-carriers is at least 5 times higher.

There is no wonder that this advantage has attracted attention of almost all the world shipping companies. During the last decade many new designs of cargocarriers were built and put into service. Specialized container-carriers have been built to meet the requirements of different cargoes and routes. Cellular-type container-carriers built recently proved to be very viable. Some of them have no cargo-handling facilities on deck and the containers are handled by shore appliances. Later on multi-purpose container-carriers were built. These vessels combine the carriage of containers together with bulk-break cargoes. They are as a rule equipped with adequate cranes to handle the containers and heavy lifts.

Two standard sizes of containers, fit for the carriage both by land and by sea, were designed, agreed upon and approved at the International Conference. They are the so-called TWENTY-FOOTERS and FORTY-FOOTERS. There are many

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types of such containers designed for different cargoes. General structure of these containers is more or less similar. They are made of angle-bar frames to which steel oralumin-

ium alloy plates are either welded or riveted. The containers are provided with twofold hinged doors and locking latches. Some containers are equipped with refrigerators to keep certain goods at a constant fixed temperature. These containers are usually called reefers. The reefers are supplied with electric power by the ship's generators. Containers may either belong to the carrier or they may be leased by him from the leasing companies on the basis of interchange.

After the containers have been filled, or as they usually say "stuffed", with appropriate goods the doors are locked and sealed. A list of all the goods stuffed in the container is made out and signed by the shippers.

When receiving containers for shipment the carrier is to see that they are in proper condition and their seals are intact. As a rule, each container is supplied with the Shippers' Inspection Report, copies of which are forwarded to the Carrier, Consignees and Insurance Company, which insures the goods. In case if some defects are found the appropriate remarks are made in these reports, both by the ship's officer and terminal operator.

When delivering containers to the consignees a careful external inspection of the containers should be carried out, but this time jointly with the consignees' representative. The results of the inspection are to be stated in the Inspection Report and signed by both parties. In case of any dispute or disagreement an official surveyor is invited to carry out the survey and draw up a respective surveyor report.

Our shipping companies have a large stock of different containers which they use for the carriage of goods. To avoid inefficient loss of time in waiting for the containers to be emptied and returned aboard vessels we often lease the containers from specialized foreign firms. Thus we may leave almost in all the ports our containers and get in exchange the other ones, mostly the ones left by other Soviet ships. When leaving or receiving containers in foreign ports their

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