LESSON 15

DRY-DOCKING AND REPAIRS

Words and Word Combinations

to dry-dock ставить в сухой док, доковать growth зд. водоросли

sea-growth = fouling обрастание (подводной части судна) propulsive efficiency пропульсивный к.п.д.

to grave чистить подводную часть судна stranding посадка на мель replacement замена

to straighten (up) выпрямить, отрихтовать rudder руль

shaft bush втулка гребного вала

to necessitate вызывать необходимость, вынуадать bilge keel боковой киль

to enable давать возможность recoatlng новая окраска, покрытие

anti-fouling composition патентованная краска, предохраняющая от обрастания surface поверхность

moisture влага

stern tube дейдвудная труба injection valves впускные клапаны sea valve кингстон

sea connection клапан забортной воды, кингстон to corrode корродировать, подвергаться коррозии to pit покрываться (точечной) коррозией

to allow допускать, позволять drains дренажные трубы, сливные трубы

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bottom valve донный клапан stuffing-box сальниковая коробка to repack заново набивать сальники dock trials швартовные испытания

leak течь, утечка; неплотное соединение to set forward выдвигать, выставлять

auxiliary machinery=auxiliaries вспомогательные механизмы cargo gear погрузочно-разгрузочное устройство

deck superstructure палубная надстройка afloat на плаву, на воде.

to contribute содействовать, способствовать breakage поломка

to avoid избегать, уклоняться appliance приспособление, устройство

to supervise; supervision надзирать, наблюдать; надзор, наблюдение to cast; casting отливать, лить; литье

to machine подвергать механической обработке lathe токарный станок

scantlings размеры (деталей)

allowance припуск (в механической обработке) tolerance допуск (в механической обработке) to attribute приписывать

propeller blade лопасть винта diver водолаз

framing набор (корпуса) compartment отсек, отделение to flood заливать, затоплять plating обшивка, листы, плиты to roll прокатывать, вальцевать

rent отверстие с рваными краями, разрыв, щель, пробоина

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to weld сваривать

to rebabbit заново заливать баббитом (подшипники)

Expressions

in the course of time с течением времени

to trim the vessel to an even keel удифферентовать судно на ровный

киль

to take an active part in принимать активное участие в

to effect (to execute, to make) repairs выполнять (производить) ремонт it's hardly necessary to say вряд ли нужно говорить

under heavy weather conditions при плохих условиях погоды

to have recourse to обращаться за помощью, прибегать к (чьей-л) помощи

to meet requirements отвечать требованиям

That's out of the question. Это совершенно исключено, об этом не может быть и речи.

Are you in a position to effect repairs? Можете ли вы (есть ли у вас возможность) произвести ремонт?

TEXT

Ships may need dry-docking in a number of cases. It is a well known fact that in the course of time the underwater part of a ship is covered with sea-growth or shells which is sometimes called "fouling". This sea-growth reduces a vessel's propulsive effiiciency to a large extent. To remove the sea-growth, vessels must be dry-docked from time to time and their bottom must be graved or cleaned.

In case of some damage to the ship's hull, such as may result, for example, from stranding or collision, the ship must also be placed in a dry dock or slip for examination and repairs. Replacement of the propeller shaft, damaged rudder or

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replacement of the shaft bush may also necessitate dry-docking the ship.

If a ship requires dry-docking the dockmaster must be informed beforehand about the ship's draft, her length and breadth, whether she has bilge keels and whether she has any other special characteristic of the ship's construction. These data will enable him to make necessary preparations and to fix keel blocks to receive the ship.

If the ship is docked for the purpose of cleaning and re-coating the bottom, the captain and the chief mate should see that the work is done effectively, especially so when the work is being done after dark. Anti-corrosive paint or antifouling composition should not be put on a wet or damp surface, as moisture under paint, when it is applied, will always cause peeling later on.

While being docked, a careful examination of the ship's bottom should be undertaken and the engineers should examine the stern tube, the propeller, injection valves and sea connections; also, if any part of the plating is found to be corroded or pitted, it must be thoroughly cleaned and covered with some anticorrosive coating.

During dry-docking the following precautions should be observed on the

ship.

(1)No free-liquid surface in tanks or other spaces should be allowed.

(2)The vessel should be trimmed to an even keel.

(3)No weights, cargo or water should be shifted while docked.

(4)Fire line connections between ship and yard should be made and periodically checked.

(5)All closets, drains, discharge pipes, etc. should be shut off.

(6)Bottom plugs, underwater cocks and valves as well as zinc protectors should be checked.

(7)The rudder should be lifted and pintles and gudgeons should be examined.

(8)Stuffing boxes, the propeller gland, etc. should be repacked.

In the course of sea trials as well as after undocking, due attention should be

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paid to possible leaks in the hull especially in those portions where repairs have been made.

In foreign ports arrangements for dry-docking a ship, as well as negotiations with the dockmaster, engineers, port and other authorities concerning the work to be done are usually carried out through the ship's agent. The agent is also under duty to settle accounts and to make payments to the dock authorities and to other persons concerned. However, the captain, his chief mate and the chief engineer should not wholly depend on the agent to do the job. They should always take an active part in all the negotiations and set forward their definite requirements as to the work to be done and reasonable prices to be charged.

Repairs to main and auxiliary machinery, deck machinery, cargo gear, deck superstructures and above-water portions of the hull do not always necessitate placing a ship in a dry dock. These repairs, in the majority of cases, are effected when the ship is practically afloat.

It's hardly necessary to say that on Soviet ships serious damage to main propulsion engines and auxiliaries is very rare, as the engines are given proper maintenance and taken good care of by the whole of the engine-room personnel. As a rule, all our engines are overhauled and carefully examined at regular intervals, which contributes immensely to their long life and continuous service.

However, accidental breakage of, or damage to, machinery cannot be sometime avoided, especially under heavy weather conditions. When this happens the ship needs repairing. Minor and small repairs which can be executed without special shop equipment and appliances are usually effected on board the ship by the engine-room staff under the supervision of the chief or the second engineer.

Whenever broken or damaged parts are to be cast anew or machined on some special lathes, the order for such repairs is placed with some shore repair shop or shipyard. Here again we are compelled to have recourse to the ship's agent. At the request of the chief engineer he is to invite on board the ship the representative of some local repair shop or shipyard. The chief engineer must explain to the representative all the particulars of the work to be done, give

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