CHIEF ENGINEER* Yes, that's right. You may notice that from the next drawing for cylinder liners of a two-stroke engine. We need as much as six cylinder liners. All the dimensions, material and working of material are shown on this drawing.

REPAIR ENGINEER. I see. Cast iron with Brinnel hardness of 180 units. The rings to be made of the same material but with hardness figure five units higher. That's clear. What's the next item on your list?

CHIEF ENGINEER. The next item are pistons. We need six pistons to match the cylinder liners. Here is the working drawing. As you see, the pistons are of trunk type. Diameter, allowance and tolerance as per drawing, Piston heads to be made of steel or heat-resisting cast iron, the trunk body of ordinary cast iron. The weight of the piston in assembly — 300 kilogrammes, 5 per cent more or less.

REPAIR ENGINEER. Very well. We'll start casting tomorrow morning. What else have you got in your list?

CHIEF ENGINEER. We have got the main bearings to be rebabbited and bored out. You should use babbit metal containing not less than 83 per cent of tin. You should follow as closely as possible the dimensions and shapes of the old bearings. The oil grooves should be scraped out as in the old ones.

REPAIR ENGINEER. Don't worry about that; everything will be as it should be. Is that all that you want to be done?

CHIEF ENGINEER. No, there is still one more item. We've got some cracks in the piston head and in the cylinder cover. The cracks should be cut out, where practicable, and welded.

REPAIR ENGINEER. I suppose we shall be able to do the welding right on the spot.

LABORATORY EXERCISES

1. Listen to the text of the lesson again and answer the following questions;

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1. What does the ship's bottom get covered with in the course of time? 2. What is the effect of fouling on the ship's propulsive efficiency? 3. May the sea growth be removed when the ship is afloat? 4. What repairs necessitate drydocking the ship? 5. What information should be given to the dockmaster in such cases? 6. What is used to paint the ship's bottom after thoroughly cleaning it? 7. What should the engineers carefully examine while the ship is in the dock? 8. How should the vessel be trimmed before docking? 9. May cargo or other weights be shifted when the. ship is docked?

10.What should be done to all drains and discharge pipes?

11.Is the fire line also shut off or is it connected to a shore hydrant? 12. What repairs may be done when the ship is afloat? 13. Why is serious damage to engines very rare on Soviet ships? 14. What repairs can the engine-room staff execute?

II. Change from direct into indirect speech using the models.

Model 1: He said, "Please send a diver to examine the rudder."

He asked to send a diver to examine the rudder.

1. They said, "Please replace these tubes by new ones." 2. We said, "Please clean the boiler of soot." 3. He said, Please chip off the rust." 4. The engineer said, "Please weld this crack." 5. They said, "Please roll in the ends of these tubes."

Model 2: They said to us, "Don't worry about that."

They asked us not to worry about that.

1. They said to us, "Don't paint the bottom with that paint." 2. He said to me, "Don't replace these tubes by new ones." 3. The chief engineer said, "Don't use steel for these rings." 4. He said, "Don't make the rings of that size any more." 5. We said to him, "Don't start chipping off the rust until they come."

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III. Listen to the short dialogues, repeat each sentence during the pauses and learn the dialogues by heart:

"What are the scantlings?"

"I can't tell exactly. Approximate length, 1500 mm: breadth, about 900 mm; and height, some 750 mm."

***

"We want to have some repairs done to our engine." "What kind of repairs?"

"Some tubes to be replaced and rolled in, some valves to be replaced and tested, some welding work to be done."

"We could do it, if you like. But we must have more exact data." "That's natural, here is a list of repairs to be done."

IV. Listen to each of the long dialogues again and retell briefly their contents from the point of view of: (a) one speaker, (b) the other speak er, (c) an onlooker.

Make your partner ask you about some details which you missed.

V.Write the dictation:

In the course of time the underwater part of a ship gets covered with sea growth. This growth reduces greatly ships' propulsive efficiency. To remove the growth, ships are periodically dry-docked. Dry docks are used when repairs to a ship's hull, propeller or rudder are required. The dockmaster must be informed about all the ship's dimensions and characteristics so that he can fix adequate keel blocks to receive the ship. When being docked, a careful examination of the ship's bottom should be undertaken. The dock and ship engineers should examine the rudder, propeller, stern tube, sea valves and sea connections. If necessary, the ship's bottom should be cleaned and coated with anticorrosive and anti-fouling paints. During dry-docking some precautions should be observed. For example, no

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free liquid surface in tanks should be allowed. The vessel should be trimmed to an even keel. No weights or cargo should be shifted aboard. All drains and discharge pipes should be shut off. The fire line should be connected to shore hydrants. After docking sea trials are carried out. During the trials possible leaks are checked and eliminated. The engines, rudder, propeller and propeller shaft are tested for proper operation. Repairs which do not necessitate placing the ship in a dry dock are carried out when the ship is afloat.

VI. Practise in pairs enacting the following situations. You act as the ship's agent, your partner — as the dockmaster. Then you change your parts:

(a)You have to dry-dock your vessel. You are discussing with the dockmaster the repairs that should be made to the ship. You want to have your ship's hull examined, cleaned, coated, painted and, if necessary, welded in some places. The dockmaster is interested to know the dimensions of your vessel and whether it is necessary to make repairs to the propeller and rudder. You express your apprehension that the rudder might have been damaged when you contacted an ice-floe during your voyage.

(b)You have brought a repair list and some drawings to the dockmaster. You are explaining him that you need some urgent repairs to be done to your engine. These repairs involve casting and machining of some broken parts as well as weld ing some cracks in the cylinders. The dockmaster is very carefully looking through your repair list and asks you the cause of some damages.

VII. Translate into English:

Нам придется поставить судно в сухой док. Во-первых, необходимо снять обрастание подводной части судна. Нам нужно будет починить и покрасить днище антикоррозийной и патентной краской. Во-вторых, нужно будет произвести осмотр днища, руля и винта. Возможно, что потребуется некоторый ремонт. Дело в том, что в этом рейсе мы заметили, что вибрация судна несколько увеличилась. Может быть, это связано с тем, что во время

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рейса мы слегка коснулись корпусом какого-то подводного препятствия. Во всяком случае надо будет все внимательно осмотреть. Заодно придется проверить и лопасти винта. Может быть, нужно будет их отрихтовать. В носовом отсеке появилась небольшая течь; нужно будет ее устранить. Поскольку мы собираемся стать в сухой док, я думаю, что нам следует произвести заодно и другой второстепенный ремонт. Нам потребуются небольшие сварочные работы и мелкое литье с механической обработкой. Нам нужно заменить и развальцевать несколько двухдюймовых труб, отлить и обработать несколько цилиндровых втулок и поршневых колец. Нам понадобятся два-три поршня к этим втулкам. Нужно будет перезалить баббитом и расточить подшипники. Рабочие чертежи, точные размеры и спецификацию материалов мы, конечно, вам дадим.

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