7. Урок 07

   1. Глобальное потепление, вариант 1

Earth's surface seems to have undergone unprecedented warming over the last century. The natural patterns of climate appear to have been altered.

What is the role of human activity in this process? It is said that to answer this question, patterns observed by meteorologists and oceanographers are compared with patterns developed using sophisticated models of Earth's atmosphere and ocean. By matching the observed and modeled patterns, scientists are reported to positively identify the “human fingerprints” associated with the changes. It appears that the fingerprints that humans have left on Earth's climate are turning up in a diverse range of records and can be seen in the ocean, in the atmosphere, and at the surface.

Carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning and land clearing is reported to have been accumulating in the atmosphere, where it acts like a blanket keeping Earth warm and heating up the surface, ocean, and atmosphere.

2. Глобальное потепление, вариант 1 (перевод)

Земная поверхность, кажется, переживает беспрецедентное повышение температуры на протяжении последнего столетия. Естественные климатические законы, по всей видимости, изменяются.

Какова роль деятельности человека в этом процессе? Говорят, что для того, чтобы ответить на этот вопрос, явления, наблюдаемые метеорологами и океанографами, сравниваются с данными, полученными при использовании изощрённых моделей земной атмосферы и океана. Сообщается, что на основе сравнения наблюдаемых и рассчитанных процессов, учёные определённо идентифицируют отпечатки человеческой деятельности, связанные с этими изменениями. Похоже, что отпечатки, которые оставило человечество на климате Земли, регистрируются в разнообразных показаниях и могут быть наблюдаемы в океане, атмосфере и на поверхности.

Сообщается, что диоксид углерода, образующийся от сгорания природного топлива и в результате вырубки лесов, накапливается в атмосфере и действует, как одеяло, сохраняя тепло Земли и нагревая её поверхность, океан и атмосферу.

3. Глобальное потепление, вариант 2

San Francisco has a high standard of living. The great wealth and opportunity generated by the internet revolution drew many highly educated and high income workers and residents to San Francisco. Many poorer neighborhoods have become gentrified. Property values and household income have escalated to among the highest in the nation, allowing the city to support a large restaurant and entertainment infrastructure. Because the cost of living in San Francisco is exceptionally high, many middle class families have decided they can no longer afford to live within the city and have left to the suburbs of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Although the centralized commerce and shopping districts downtown, including the Financial District and the area around Union Square, are well-known, San Francisco also has a rich street environment featuring many mixed-use neighborhoods anchored around central commercial corridors to which residents and visitors alike can walk. They feature a mix of businesses and restaurants catering to the daily needs of the community and drawing in visitors. Some neighborhoods are highly gentrified, dotted with boutiques, cafes and nightlife, such as Union Street in Cow Hollow, and 24th Street in Noe Valley.

San Francisco has had an international character since its founding. Large numbers of immigrants from Asia and Latin America live in the city today. With 39% of its residents born overseas, San Francisco has numerous neighborhoods filled with businesses and civic institutions catering to new arrivals. In particular, the arrival of many ethnic Chinese, which accelerated beginning in the 1970s, complemented the already-established community based in Chinatown and has transformed the annual Chinese New Year Parade into the largest cultural event of its kind.