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Файл:Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. English for law students. Часть 2
.pdf
I know that it also depends on my decision-making judgement.
I know that it depends on my investigative aptitudes in general.
I know that it depends on my intelligence and sleuthing powers. Very often I
penetrate the underworld and ferret out serious crimes. I also frustrate the efforts of
professional criminals. In my undercover work I often operate in plain clothes and
conduct surveillance. Sometimes I lay an ambush. As a plain-clothes man I come
to know personally the offenders of the specific criminal specialty.
I come to know their distinctive marks, their relatives, friends and close
associates.
I become familiar with salient features of criminal's modus operandi.
I choose, cultivate and use the informants.
I obtain confidential information from them.
I deal with evidence of guilt against a person responsible for a crime.
I take active measures to bring him to justice.
Often I conduct search for discovery and seizure of stolen property.
Ex. 4. Скажите, что А. делает что-то другое, в отличие от В.:
Образец:
Т.: A. teaches English at school.
St.: But B. studies English at school.
An operative protects evidence, but a passer-by ... (disturb).
A criminal commits crimes, but an investigator ... (solve).
An investigator solves crimes, but an operative ... (prevent).
A criminal leaves evidence, but an operative ... (collect).
An operative gets information, but an informant ... (give).
An operative begins the investigation, but an investigator ... (complete).
N. remembers everything, but M. ... (forget).
A law-abiding citizen observes laws, but a law-breaker ... (break).
A robber attacks a person, but a patrolman ... (defend), etc.
Ex. 5. 1. Прочтите текст, сравните с русским вариантом (упр. 8, с. 13).
2. Перескажите текст.
3. Расскажите, что вам и вашему другу приходится постоянно
делать в ходе выполнения профессиональных обязанностей.
John, a former graduate of a police school, performs the job of a detective in
police forces. His detective activity includes overt and covert functions. Criminal
investigation is the keystone of his work. He does his best to combine theory and
practice in crime prevention and crime solution. He knows that quick and accurate
solution of crime depends largerly on his personal efforts. It also depends on his
education, his intelligence, his decision-making judgement. Besides I think that he
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possesses some investigative aptitudes and sleuthing powers. I think so because
very often J. ferrets out serious crimes. He frustrates the efforts of professional
criminals. J. often operates in plain clothes in his undercover work. Sometimes he
lays an ambush. He conducts surveillance of persons, places and objects,
penetrates the underworld and comes to know personally the offenders of specific
criminal specialty. He also comes to know their distinctive marks, their friends,
relatives and accomplices. He becomes familiar with salient features of criminal's
modus operandi. And certainly he chooses, cultivates and uses his informants.
They give him confidential information. So J. has to possess common sense to be a
good judge of human nature (covert function). When J. works at the crime scene he
usually defines the crime quickly and accurately. He usually examines the scene
very carefully. He tries not to touch and disturb anything. He deals with evidence
of guilt against the person responsible for the crime. He takes active measures to
detect, catch and neutralize the criminal and bring him to justice. Often J. conducts
the search for discovery and seizure of stolen property and instruments of a crime
(overt function). You see that he functions effectively in fighting crime and
performs satisfactorily under operational conditions.
Ex. 6. Найдите русские значения к следующим словосочетаниям:
1. sleuth a. способ действия
2. common sense b. выдвигать обвинение
3. touch c. меткая стрельба
4. underworld d. познакомиться
5. depend e. дотронуться
6. distinctive marks f. похищенное имущество
7. become familiar g. обладать
8. stolen property h. преступный мир
9. possess i. здравый смысл
10. marksmanship j. сыщик
11. bring a charge k. зависеть
12. modus operandi l. приметы
Ex. 7. Прочтите текст о повседневной работе Джона в полиции,
подобрав подходящие по смыслу глаголы:
comes, becomes, penetrates, chooses, conducts, cultivates, lays, uses, operates,
give, frustrates, works, ferrets, defines, possesses, examines, detect, depends,
tries, combine, tries, performs, does, takes, includes, functions, performs,
conducts, bring, comes.
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John, a former graduate of a police school, (1) the job of a detective in
police forces. His detective activity (2) overt and undercover functions. He (3) his
best to (4) theory and practice in crime prevention and crime solution. He knows
that quick and accurate crime solution (5) largely on his personal efforts. I think he
(6) some common sense and sleuthing powers because John often (7) out serious
crimes. He (8) the efforts of professional criminals. John often (9) in plain clothes
in his undercover work. Sometimes he (10) an ambush. He (11) surveillance of
persons and places, (12) the underworld and (13) to know the offenders personally.
He also (14) to know their friends, relatives, and associates. He (15) familiar with
salient features of criminal’s modus operandi. And certainly he (16), (17), and (18)
the informants. They (19) him confidential information. When John (20) at the
crime scene he usually (21) the crime quickly and accurately. He usually (22) the
scene very carefully. He (23) not to touch anything. He (24) to find evidence of
guilt of the person responsible for a crime. He (25) active measures to (26), catch,
and neutralize the criminal and (27) him to justice. John often (28) search,
discovery, and seizure of stolen property and instruments of crime. You see that he
(29) effectively in fighting crime and (30) satisfactorily under operational
conditions.
Ex. 8. Переведите текст на английский язык. Проверьте правильность
перевода по упр. 5, с. 11.
Джон, бывший выпускник полицейской школы, выполняет работу
детектива полиции. Его оперативно-розыскная деятельность включает
гласную и негласную работу. Уголовное расследование является
краеугольным камнем (основой) его работы. Он делает все возможное, чтобы
объединить теорию и практику в предупреждении преступности и раскрытии
преступлений. Он знает, что быстрое и полное раскрытие преступления
зависит в основном от его личных усилий. Оно также зависит от его
подготовки, его ума, его умения принять правильное решение. Кроме того, я
думаю, что он обладает определенными следственными способностями и
сыскными качествами. Я думаю так потому, что Д. часто собирает информацию о серьезных преступлениях. Д. срывает усилия профес-сиональных
преступников. Д. часто действует (работает) в штатской одежде в своей
негласной работе. Иногда он устраивает засаду. Он проводит негласный
надзор за лицами, местами и объектами, внедряется в преступный мир,
узнает лично правонарушителей какого-то вида преступной деятельности.
Он также узнает их приметы, их друзей, родственников и близких
соучастников. Он знакомится с характерными чертами способов действия
преступника. И, конечно, он выбирает, подготавливает и использует источники информации. Они дают ему секретную информацию. Поэтому Д.
должен обладать здравым смыслом, чтобы быть хорошим судьей человеческой натуры (негласная работа). Когда Д. работает на месте происшествия,
он обычно квалифицирует преступления быстро и точно. Он обычно изучает
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место происшествия очень тщательно. Он старается ни к чему не прикасаться
involve
[ın'
vכlv
] v
вовлекать, включать в себя
surround
[sə'raund
] v
окружать
commission
[kə'mı∫ən] n зд.
совершение
successful [s
ə
k'sesful] a
преуспевающий
,
успешный
available
[ə'veıləbl] a
доступный, имеющийся в
attribute
['æ
trıbju:t] n свойство, характерный признак
fundamentals [
fndə
'mentlz] n
основы
marksmanship ['m
:ksm
ən∫
ıp] n
меткая
стрельба
maintain [meın'teın] v
поддерживать
,
сохранят
ь
и ничего не повредить. Он выполняет там много профессиональных Действий. Он устанавливает доказательства вины лица, ответственного за преступление. Он принимает активные меры по розыску, поимке и обезвреживанию преступника и привлечению его к уголовной ответственности.
Нередко Д. проводит обыск для обнаружения и изъятия похищенного имущества и орудий преступления (гласная работа).
Вы видите, что он работает эффективно в борьбе с преступностью и
действует умело в сложной оперативной обстановке.
Лексика для чтения текста
Investigation of Crime /
Расследование преступлений
1. Прочтите международные слова, догадайтесь об их значении.
Проверьте по словарю:
criminal, police, service, structure, detective, function, incident, fact,
commission, professional, policeman, attribute, profession, competency,
command, instinct, officer, patrol, accurate, training, selection, method, form,
confidential, information, personally, specific, examine, scene, object, active, plan,
position, trace, collect, protect, interview, detail, factor, prevention, contact, public,
instrument, neutralize.
2.
reconstruct the happening
['rı:kəns'tr^kt]
мысленно воссоздать
происшедшее
inquiry [ın'kwaıərı] n расследование, исследование,
дознание
participate [p:'tısıpeıt] v
участвовать
dedication ['dedı'keı∫ən] n преданность,
самоотверженность
courage ['k^rıd] n храбрость, смелость, отвага
competence ['kכmpıtəns] n способность, умение,
knowledgeable ['nכlıdəbl] a
хорошо осведомленный
14
usage ['ju:zıd] n
take
pictures
of
фотографировать
record
[rı'kכ:d ] v
записывать, протоколировать
detail
['di:teıl] v
входить в подробности
употребление
civic ['sıvık] a гражданский
premises ['premısız] n помещение, дом
bring a charge [t∫:d]
lack [læk] v
выдвигать обвинение
1. испытывать недостаток,
нуждаться, не иметь;
2. не хватать, недоставать.
ГРАММАТИКА И УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ЧТЕНИЯ
§ 39. Омонимичные суффиксы -s (-es), -'s (-s')
Суффикс -s имеет различные грамматические значения.
1. The police officer performs his
job properly.
Офицер полиции выполняет свои
обязанности хорошо.
(performs – глагол-сказуемое в Present Indefinite Tense, 3 л. ед.ч.)
2. Tables, boxes, objects, etc. – признак множественного числа
существительного (может занимать в предложении любое место, как и всякое
существительное).
3. The student's answer – ответ студента;
the policeman's function – функция полицейского – признак
притяжательного падежа существительного, стоящего в единственном числе.
За существительным в притяжательном падеже обычно следует
определяемое им существительное. Существительное в притяжательном
падеже обычно переводится на русский язык существительным в
родительном падеже.
N.B. Не следует смешивать с суффиксом "'s"сокращения:
's (is) - that's = that is; 's (has) - she's come = she has come;
's (us) - let's go = let us go.
Ex. 9. Переведите предложения, обращая особое внимание на слова с
суффиксом -s.
1. This person's criminal acts are very dangerous. 2. This law acts within the
territory of some states. 3. The expert's experiments are of no use in that case. 4.
He experiments in the crime laboratory. 5. To detect a criminal means to identify
and apprehend him. 6. The operative group consists of some experts. Each of them
details different facts during the crime scene examination. 7. The investigator
examines the details at the scene very carefully. 8. A detective uses special means,
methods and forms of crime detection. 9. Future operatives of the CID study
different uses of criminalistics in crime detection.
15
§ 40. Герундий (Gerund)
Или
Герундий – одна из трех неличных форм английского глагола.
Формальным признаком герундия является наличие у глагольной
основы суффикса -ing: reading, learning, performing.
По значению герундий близок к русскому отглагольному
существительному и неопределенной форме глагола: читать – чтение,
заучивать – заучивание, исполнять – исполнение.
В отличие от Participle I герундий может быть любым членом
предложения кроме сказуемого и часто имеет при себе какой-нибудь
предлог: of, about, from, for, by, without, on, in, etc.
Способы перевода герундия на русский язык:
читать – неопределенная форма глагола
Reading
чтение – отглагольное имя существительное
читая – деепричастие (с предлогом by)
о том, чтобы читать – придаточное предложение
Я думаю прочесть эту книгу. I think of reading this book.
Я думаю о том, чтобы прочесть эту книгу.
Без предлога герундий может быть подлежащим, прямым дополнением
или частью составного именного сказуемого:
Reading is useful. Чтение полезно.
I like reading. Я люблю читать.
Mastering a foreign
language is speaking,
listening, reading and
writing it.
Овладеть иностранным
языком это значит уметь
говорить, слушать, читать и писать на нем.
Ex. 10. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на
Gerund.
1. Interviewing is a way of obtaining information. 2. The investigator may
get the information by interviewing witnesses and by interrogating suspects. 3.
By collecting the facts and gathering the evidence the investigator solves the
crime. 4. It is impossible to achieve the aim without doing the work carefully and
properly. 5. The investigator needs witnesses capable of giving him helpful
information. 6. Sometimes obtaining information is a very difficult thing. 7. Quick
and accurate solution of a crime often depends on policeman’s mastering special
means, methods and forms of fighting crime. 8. Catching, arresting and bringing
the criminal to justice is the objective of every investigation. 9. In performing his
job the police officer should not forget about the necessity of good police/public
relations. 10. Frustrating the efforts of professional criminals depends much on
16
policeman's skills. 11.On penetrating the underworld the operative can ferret out
serious crimes and frustrate them.
Ex. 11. Прочтите и пререведите текст.
Text for Reading
INVESTIGATION OF CRIME
РАССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
Criminal investigation is the keystone of the police service and in
the structure of the detective function*. Investigation means a search. It
means a search for the truth, for the offender, for witnesses who help to
reconstruct the happening and will present evidence of it in court. Criminal
investigation is indispensable to learn whether an accident involves a crime and if
so who is responsible. As for the police work the investigation is an inquiry into
the facts surrounding the commission of the criminal offence, i.e. what it is, where
it was, who the offender was, when, why and how he was committing the crime.
No successful investigation is available without participating highly
professional policemen - patrol officers, detectives or investigators - who possess
such attributes of the policeman's profession as dedication, courage, intelligence,
competency, self-command, specialized investigative aptitudes and professional
instinct, i.e. some sleuthing powers. To ferret out serious crimes and detect those
who commit them a police officer should do his best in performing his job. He
should be knowledgeable not only in theoretical fundamentals of law enforcement
but he should also be skilled in such policeman's functions as marksmanship,
driving a patrol car, communicating with the public. All that helps him in
maintaining proper police/public relations and in his decision-making judgement.
Thus frustrating the efforts of professional criminals and quick and accurate
solution of crime depend very much on proper special training, education and
selection of police officers. It also depends on their skills in undercover work laying an ambush and conducting surveillance, penetrating the underworld, work
with the informants, their choosing, cultivating and usage. The informant is a
person who gives the police officer confidential information about a crime as his
civic responsibility and duty. A police officer operating in plain clothes often
comes to know personally the offenders of the specific criminal specialty, their
friends, their relatives and close associates and becomes familiar with salient
features of their modus operandi.
In case the investigating officer works at the crime scene he defines the
crime quickly and examines the scene very carefully before he touches and
disturbs anything. He takes active measures to detect the offender that is to
identify, locate and apprehend an evil-doer. He usually takes pictures of the scene
and its objects and makes a plan on which he records the position of any trace. He
collects and protects evidence, interviews witnesses and details a number of other
*
structure of the detective function - зд. функциональные обязанности сыщика
17
factors e.g. search of the premises and persons for discovery of stolen property and
instruments of the crime. Then the investigator examines all the evidence to
establish proof of guilt against the person responsible for a crime, and if so brings a
charge against the suspect and presents the criminal case for the prosecution in
court.
No doubt quick and accurate crime investigation and solution, catching,
neutralizing and bringing the criminal to justice is essential. At the same time a
very much more important and difficult thing is crime prevention. In order to
function effectively in crime prevention the professional policeman establishes
contacts with the public and maintains positive attitudes about the citizens he
serves. If understanding is lacking, then decision-making judgement and general
performance of the policeman in the field will be less effective. The better he
understands the people, the better he manages to perform his duty.
Упражнения для чтения
Ex. 12. Просмотрите следующие слова, обращая внимание на
суффиксы. Вспомните их значения. Переведите.
NOUNS (что?):
-tion, -sion
coordination apprehension commission
function position investigation examination
selection prevention relation profession
information dedication solution
globalization prosecution education
-ance, -ence -ment cогл. + y -sure, -zure
surveillance judgement specialty measure
performance instrument discovery seizure
intelligence enforcement property
evidence
-ture
competence responsibility
offence feature inquiry
-ness
structure duty marksmanship
-ity
-ship
witness picture country
ADJECTIVES (какой?):
-al -ive -ic -ful
criminal detective public successful
professional investigative civic
-ible
theoretical active specific responsible
special positive economic
confidential effective
essential
-ant, -ent
-able
indispensable
-ous
serious
general important available
social salient knowledgeable
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Ex. 13. Переведите на русский язык:
we do our best, she does her best, they function in these systems, it depends
on our skills and intelligence, they combine many methods, he combines different
principles, everyone possesses common sense, those who possess decision-making
judgement, no efforts frustrating the plans, he manages to become familiar, I
manage to come to know, we take some measures, the prosecutor brings the
criminal to justice, the operative conducts search, discovery and seizure; they
search stolen property, he searches instruments of a crime.
Ex. 14. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на
суффиксы и приставки.
responsible – responsibility
reconstruct – reconstruction – reconstructor – reconstructive
commit – commission – commissioner
offend – offender – offence – offensive
participate – participation – participant – participle
profess – professor – profession – professional – professionally
dedicate – dedicated – dedication – dedicator
special – specialist – speciality – specialize – specialization – specialty
perform– performance – performer – performing
know – knowledge – knowledgeable
theory – theoretical – theoretic – theorist – theorize
enforce – enforcement – enforcer
maintain – maintenance
judge – judgement
frustrate – frustration
solve – solution
person – personal – personally – personality – personnel
prosecute – prosecution – prosecutor
define – definite – definition – indefinite
care – careful – carefully – careless – carelessly
identify – identification – identity – identic(al)
locate – location
apprehend – apprehension
penetrate – penetration – penetrating
Ex. 15. Переведите на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на
формы с окончанием -ing.
1. After finding some physical evidence proving the guilt of the accused the
case was not difficult to solve. 2. Handling evidence in a proper way is very
important for solving the case. 3. The police officer should know of the importance
of handling evidence. 4. Handling evidence the officer was very careful in
choosing the transport and the guard. 5. The document belonging to the accused
19
was evidence of his innocence. 6. Presenting evidence in court the investigator
should show all the facts saying for and against the accused. 7. The facts
surrounding the commission of the offence were very interesting. 8. It was quite
impossible to solve that crime without participating a highly professional
policeman. 9. Policeman's competency in law enforcement helps him in
maintaining law and order. 10. A police officer operating in plain clothes often
helps quick and accurate crime solution. 11. Laying an ambush is one of the
detective functions.
Ex. 16. Выразите своё согласие или несогласие со следующими утвер-
ждениями, используя True/False.
T F
Criminal investigation is the keystone of the police and militia service.
For the police officer crime detection means performing overt and
covert functions.
The police officer conducts surveillance – he observes secretly persons,
places and objects to obtain the necessary information.
Sometimes the undercover agent penetrates the underworld to ferret out
criminal plans.
He ferrets out criminal plans and frustrates the efforts of professional
criminals.
Marksmanship and driving a patrol car are indispensable policeman's
functions.
Decision-making judgement of a police officer as well as his
communicative abilities doesn’t mean much for his job.
A detective never chooses, cultivates and uses the informants for
getting confidential information about а crime.
The informant gives the police confidential information for his
personal gain.
As a plain-clothes man the police officer comes to know the offenders
personally.
He never lays an ambush.
He comes to know the offenders of the specific criminal specialty and
their close associates.
The police officer becomes familiar with salient features of criminal's
modus operandi.
He seldom tries to identify, locate and apprehend an evil-doer.
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