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Файл:Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. English for law students. Часть 2
.pdf
crime commission
совершение преступления
предупред
ить преступление
crime prevention
предупреждение преступления
раскрыть(преступление)
р
аскрытие
(преступления)
место
п
рои
сшествия, место
crime techniques
криминалистическая техника
Crime Psychology
судебная психология
master
овладеть
divisional inspector
участковый инспектор
field
-
criminalist
эксперт
-
криминалист
bobby
-
handler
проводник служебно
-
розыскной
medical expert
судебно
-
медицинский эксперт
close cooperation (teamwork)
тесное взаимодействие
обыскивать
search commander
руководитель осмотра места
find, collect (lift) and protect
обнаружить, собрать, (изъять) и
trace
след
take pictures
фотографировать
record
make a record
as to
что касается, относительно
interview
опрашивать
interrogate
допрашивать
witness
свидетель, понятой
eye-witness
очевидец
victim
жертва, потерпевший,
suspect
подозреваемый
take immediate measures
принять срочные меры
seizure
изъятие
steal (stole, stolen)
воровать, красть, похищать
prevent a crime
solve (disclose)
solution (disclosure)
crime scene (scene of crime)
primary crime scene investigation
(search, observation, inspection,
search
evidence
первоначальные следственные
действия на месте происшествия,
поиск, осмотр, обыск; искать,
улики, вещественные доказатель-
ства; показания
reconstruct the happening
воссоздать события преступления,
мысленно восстановить
протокол
составить протокол
identify, locate and apprehend a
criminal
установить личность, обнаружить
и задержать преступника
discovery обнаружение
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instruments of the crime
орудия
преступления
give first aid
оказать первую помощь
external examination
внешний осмотр
corpse
труп
show corpus delicti
establish corpus delicti
установить состав преступления
bring a criminal action
возбудить уголовное дело
accurate
зд. полный, точный
practical skills
практические навыки
make profit
извлечь
выгоду
punish
наказать
plain
-
clothes man = sleuth =
сыщик
lay an ambush
устраивать засаду
conduct surveillance
вести негласный надзор
penetrate
внедряться
underworld
преступный мир
disguise
маскировка
ferret out something
узнать
, разведать что
-
либо
frustrate
сорвать, разрушить
offender
правонарушитель
distinctive marks
приметы
associate
соучастник
salient feature
отличительная черта
modus operandi
способ действия
decision
-
making judgement
умение правильно принять
deter crime
сдерживать преступность
crime deterrence
сдерживание преступности
образовать состав преступления
Ex. 2. Прочтите текст, расположите пункты плана в логическом
порядке.
1. Crime Scene Search
2. The Duties of Every Specialist in an Operative Group
3. An Operative Group
4. My Profession
5. My Academy Studies
Text A
OVERT WORK
НЕСЕКРЕТНАЯ (ГЛАСНАЯ) РАБОТА
Новые слова: credo ['kri:dou] – кредо, убеждение; corporation – зд.
акционерное общество; embezzlement – растрата, хищение.
122
A year ago I entered the ... * Law Institute/Academy of the
Interior Ministry. The Russian Internal Affairs bodies compose
several departments.
The Criminal Detection Department is to detect the criminal,
that is to locate and arrest him (her).
The Criminal Investigation Department (CID) collects evidence to prove
the guilt or innocence of a suspect.
The Economic Crimes Investigation Department reveals the economic
offences.
The mission of the State Inspection of Road Traffic Safety is to regulate
safety on the roads.
The Juvenile Inspection is responsible for prevention of juvenile
delinquency.
Our Institute/Academy trains future militia officers. I am going to be an
operative worker of the Criminal Detection Department or perhaps an operative of
the Economic Crimes Investigation Department. Some of my fellow-students are
going to be investigators of the Criminal Investigation Department. You may also
work as a traffic inspector at the State Inspection of Road Traffic Safety or a
juvenile inspector at the Juvenile Inspection.
Thus our task as future law enforcement professionals is to fight against
criminality, that is to prevent and solve crimes. Nowadays we are to cope with
criminalization of our economy and globalizing crime. Crime prevention and crime
deterrence is the main aim of our detective activity. It is also of great importance
for the increase of crime solution rate.
Suppose I am an operative of the Criminal Investigation Department. As
soon as we get the information of the crime committed we go out to the crime
scene. Our operative group consists of an investigator, an operative, a divisional
inspector, a field-criminalist, a bobby-handler and a medical expert. Each of us has
his own duties at the crime scene. At the same time our credo is to work in close
cooperation to solve the crime quickly and accurately. Teamwork is essential to a
crime scene search.
The search commander (usually the investigator or the operative) directs
primary crime scene investigation and detection or completes preliminary crime
scene investigation actions performed by the patrol officer.
The investigator (together with the field-criminalist) finds, collects and
protects evidence - fingerprints, footprints, and other traces of the criminal act by
means of a crime technique. They take pictures of the objects of the crime scene;
make diagrams and sketches, etc.
Basing on all the data gathered the search commander analyzes the situation
and tries to reconstruct the happening as to: Where, What, When, How, Why and
Who.
Crime scene investigation is ended by making a record.
The operative is responsible for all detection required for quick and accurate
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solution of the case. In his overt work at the crime scene the operative finds,
interviews and interrogates witnesses, eye-witnesses, a victim and a suspect. It's
necessary to do that to analyze the happening and to take immediate measures to
detect the criminal, that is to identify, locate and apprehend him. The operative
also takes measures for search, discovery and seizure of stolen property and
instruments of the crime.
The divisional inspector ensures crime scene protection, helps the operative
(to) find witnesses and eye-witnesses and (to) apprehend a suspect.
The medical expert gives first aid to a victim or conducts an external
examination of the corpse.
Sometimes I have to combine the duties of different specialists of an
operative group and conduct the primary investigation and detection by myself - in
case I am the first to come to a crime scene.
If all the facts gathered during the primary crime scene investigation show
corpus delicti, we bring the criminal action and conduct follow-up or further
investigation.
Quick and accurate solution of the crime depends on the education, practical
skills and detective ability of an operative.
We can get all that at our Institute/Academy. We listen to a special course of
Crime Detection, Law, Criminalistics, Crime Psychology, etc., we have seminars
and practice in law enforcement and other social–service agencies.
The work of the operative of the ECID is also very interesting and noble. In
the era of criminalization of economy mafia groups of organized crime try to make
profit of the state and municipal property or the property of any corporations. The
operatives of the ECID deal with embezzlement of state property, bribe-taking and
corruption among the officials of different social ranks, sham bankruptcy, bank
fraud and financial pyramids. The task of an operative of the ECID is to reveal the
criminal activity of such groups, neutralize them and bring their criminal bosses to
justice.
Combatting crime, decreasing it we must not forget one of the priorities in a
law-governed state - strict observance of legality and protection of rights and
interests of citizens.
Well, you see that our work is difficult and dangerous, but it is necessary
and honorable at the same time because we should ensure the public's security and
trust, in other words - protect life, work and rest of our people now under the
conditions of globalization of crime.
Ex. 3. Составьте краткий рассказ о гласной работе сыщика.
Ex. 4.
A. Прочтите текст, разделите его на две части и озаглавьте их.
124
B. Переведите текст.
Text B
UNDERCOVER WORK
НЕГЛАСНАЯ РАБОТА
Новые слова: den – притон; tramp – бродяга; insult – оскорблять;
descendant – потомок.
Undercover functioning of an operative is one of the most interesting aspects
of crime detection. In English an operative may be called a detective, a plainclothes man, a sleuth, a CID man. In his undercover work an operative uses special
means, methods and forms of fighting crime to prevent crimes, solve them. He lays
an ambush and conducts surveillance, penetrates the underworld, uses disguises of
various sorts to ferret out serious crimes and frustrate the efforts of professional
criminals. He comes to know personally the offenders of the specific criminal
specialties, their distinctive marks, their friends, relatives and close associates. He
becomes familiar with salient features of criminal's modus operandi. An operative
works in close cooperation with the informants. He chooses, cultivates and uses
their confidential information in crime control. An operative must be a good judge
of a human nature, he must possess common sense and decision-making judgement
as well as investigative aptitudes and sleuthing powers. He must perform well
under operational conditions. Undercover work is of great importance for the
increase of crime solution rate.
An example of successful crime detection mostly thanks to undercover
operations was set by one of the outstanding 19th century detectives of Russia –
Ivan Putilin (1830 - 1893). Putilin may be rightfully called Russia's Sherlock
Holmes. His name was very popular in pre-revolutionary Russia and was forgotten
in Soviet years.
Putilin began his nearly forty year long police career from the position of
junior police officer at a market. Then he rapidly rose through ranks to become in
1866 St. Petersburg’s criminal investigation police chief. The list of crimes he
solved includes fraud, forgery, arson, murder and many others. Huge sums of
money were returned to the treasury and individuals. St. Petersburg, a city that was
famous for its underworld, was cleaned up. He not only solved crimes – he
prevented them. Putilin's success was due to careful study of the criminal world
that greatly developed his detective abilities. Not infrequently the police officer
visited cheap inns and dens of thieves, disguised as a common laborer or a tramp,
observing life there, listening to conversations, learning criminal slang and often
making friends with suspicious characters. Putilin was often in physical danger,
but his strength and quick decision-making judgement always saved him in the
end. In dealing with the most hardened criminals and killers, Putilin interrogated
them in his office eye to eye. And there was not a single instance when the
accused would physically assault or even insult him. His tactic was to talk to them
as if they were friends but not evil-doers, unfortunate men worthy of sympathy.
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Nearly always it worked well and criminals confessed their guilt. Occasionally,
Will
fight
Yes, I shall.
combat
No, I shan't.
Do you
struggle
Yes, I do.
control
No, I don't.
Did
prevent
Yes, I did.
deter
No, I didn't.
Will
avert
Yes, he will.
reduce
No, he won't.
Does
decrease
Yes,
he does.
eliminate
No,
he Did
he
discourage
Yes, he did.
solve
No, he didn't.
disclose
overcome
crime?
investigate
detect
study
define
describe
classify
group
commit
Putilin would even seek the advice of other criminals in his detective activity.
Though Putilin's methods may seem doubtful in moral and legal terms, the
results of his activities were invariably brilliant: he with his subordinates managed
to solve the most difficult criminal cases.
I. Putilin retired in 1889 due to illness and in four years he died. In spite of
his dangerous handling the law in his investigations, Putilin remained absolutely
honest and uncorrupted. The police chief who investigated cases involving
millions of rubles left his descendants only his memoirs where he published a
chronicle of crime in Russia during his years in office.
Putilin's memoirs and detective stories are an important source on the social
history of Russia. They contain a lot of observations and reasoning which are
especially interesting nowadays in the light of correlation between covert functions
of detectives and the necessity of observing the principle of legality.
(From Moscow News № 34, 2000).
Ex. 5. Составьте краткий рассказ о негласной работе сыщика.
Ex. 6. Повторите следующие слова в различных сочетаниях:
A. слово "crime".
Задайте общие и специальные вопросы и ответьте на них, используя
таблицу.
Table
126
deal
with
report
think
When In three years.
-"- -"- -"- -"-
Quickly and
accurately.
To ensure the
security of the
With
whom
With my fellow-
officers.
(Who…
with)
How
Why
society, etc.
B. Ответьте на вопрос "What is your future task?", используя
словосочетания: fighting crime, combatting crime, crime control, crime
deterrence, crime decreasing, crime prevention, crime solution, crime
investigation, crime detection, overcoming crime.
A. Словосочетание "crime scene" с различными глаголами.
Задайте общие и специальные вопросы и ответьте на них, используя
следующие глаголы со словосочетанием "crime scene" (структуру вопросов
см. таблицу выше):
go out to... leave
dispatch ... to... escape from...
find search
identify investigate
protect inspect
isolate a crime examine a crime
describe scene observe scene
take pictures of... survey
make a record of... study
arrive at... think about
come to... be careful at...
enter process
A. Слово "evidence"1 с различными глаголами.
Повторите следующие словосочетания:
(not) to destroy e., to analyze, to examine e., to work with e., to take pictures of e.,
to pack e., to send e. to a crime laboratory, to take e. into custody, to handle e.
to leave e., to search for, find, collect and protect e., to be careful with e.,
1
"Evidence" in English is used only in singular (it); a piece of evidence.
127
B. Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы:
Кто оставляет доказательства на месте происшествия?
Вы будете работать с доказательствами?
Когда Вы будете иметь с ними (доказательствами) дело?
Вы будете их фотографировать?
Куда Вы будете их посылать?
Кто их будет изучать?
Как Вы должны с ними обращаться?
A. Слово "witnesses" с различными глаголами.
Повторите следующие словосочетания:
to find w., to work with w., to examine w., to interview w., to interrogate w.,
to describe w., to identify w., to inform w., to ask w., to speak with w., to threaten
w., to intimidate w., to search for w.
B. Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы:
Вы будете работать со свидетелями (понятыми)?
Вы будете опрашивать (допрашивать) их?
Вы будете задавать им различные вопросы?
A. Словосочетания с глаголом "to conduct".
Повторите следующие словосочетания:
to conduct a crime scene search (a lesson, a lecture, search, discovery and
seizure of stolen property and instruments of a crime, crime detection, an
interrogation, an interview, a trial, criminal investigation, a discussion, a
conference, a meeting, a concert, negotiations, a research, an examination).
В. Переведите на английский язык следующие вопросы:
Вы будете проводить осмотр места происшествия?
Вы будете проводить обыск, обнаружение и изъятие похищенного
имущества и орудий преступления?
Вы будете проводить допрос?
Кто проводил допрос этого свидетеля вчера?
Кто ведет сегодня судебное заседание?
Кто вел расследование этого уголовного дела?
Ex. 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Where do you study?
When did you enter the ...* Law Institute / Academy?
What specialists does this Institute / Academy train?
What is the main task of the Militia?
Where are you going to work?
What specialist are you going to be?
What specialists does an operative group consist of?
What is most important in the work of an operative group?
128
What does the search commander do together with the field-criminalist?
What are the duties of an operative in his overt work?
What are the duties of a divisional inspector?
What are the duties of an investigator?
What subjects should you know well to solve crimes accurately and quickly?
What are the most important covert functions of an operative?
Ex. 8. Ситуация. Вы как руководитель планируете осмотр места
преступления с группой начинающих работников уголовного розыска.
А. Напомните в письменном виде каждому участнику оперативной
группы его обязанности на месте происшествия, употребив модальный
глагол should.
Судебно-медицинскому эксперту – оказать первую помощь
пострадавшему.
Участковому инспектору – охранять место происшествия; помочь
работнику уголовного розыска найти свидетелей и очевидцев.
Эксперту-криминалисту:
– собрать, изъять и сохранить (закрепить) вещественные
доказательства (следы пальцев, ног и другие следы преступного действия);
– сфотографировать нужные объекты места происшествия, снять
гипсовые слепки следов ног;
– проявить следы пальцев;
– обеспечить надлежащую сохранность вещественных доказательств.
Оперуполномоченному уголовного розыска:
– взвесить (проанализировать) оперативную обстановку и принять
срочные меры по установлению личности, обнаружению и задержанию
преступника;
– провести обыск, обнаружить и изъять похищенное имущество и
орудия преступления;
– составить протокол осмотра места происшествия.
Всем – работать в тесном взаимодействии; не принимать никаких мер
без ведома руководителя оперативной группы (without search commander's
consent).
В. Пусть каждый участник оперативной группы расскажет Вам о том,
что он будет делать на месте происшествия, употребив конструкцию I am
going to...
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. Составьте письменный рассказ по теме «Моя профессия
(гласная и негласная работа)», используя материал Unit 15.
Образец.
1. I study at the...* Law Institute / Academy. I am going to be an operative*
129
of the Criminal Investigation Department. Crime prevention is the main aim of my
future work. Then the detective activity of operatives is also necessary for the
solution of many serious cases. At the crime scene I am responsible for all
detection. I must take immediate measures to detect the criminal. I must identify,
locate and apprehend the criminal. I know that quick and accurate solution of the
crime depends on my education, practical skills and detective ability. That's why I
do my best here at the Institute / Academy.
2. I am going to be a field-criminalist. It means that I should know
Criminalistics very well. I know that quick and accurate solution of crime depends
on my education and practical skills. Together with the investigator I should find,
collect and protect evidence at the crime scene (fingerprints, footprints, and other
traces of the criminal act). I should do that by means of crime techniques. I should
take pictures of the objects of the crime scene, make diagrams and sketches.
Sometimes I can use a crime laboratory to make an examination (провести
экспертизу) of some evidence. All that helps the operative to reconstruct the
happening and to detect and arrest the criminal.
3. I am a future law enforcement professional. I am a future detective. In
English there are some more terms for my occupation, such as a plain-clothes man,
a sleuth, a CID man. My main task is to ferret out criminal plans and frustrate
them, that is to prevent crime. But if the crime has been committed, I should use all
special means, methods and forms of operative work for quick and accurate crime
solution, detection and apprehension of a criminal. I must confess that in my work
I use confidential information of the informants whom I choose and cultivate. I am
sure that undercover methods are О. К. as far as they concern quick and accurate
crime solution and crime prevention.
UNIT XVI
Learning Skimming Reading
Обучение просмотровому/поисковому чтению
Овладение умениями быстрого извлечения информации из больших
профессиональных текстов в процессе просмотрового/поискового чтения, их
аннотирования и реферирования.
Поиск информации в огромном потоке литературы при
дефиците времени требует от специалиста владения навыками
чтения. Каждый грамотный специалист должен уметь читать на иностранном
языке по-разному: 1) уметь просмотреть книгу, журнал, статью с целью
установить, представляет ли она интерес, то есть определить – "нужно – не
нужно". Такое чтение называется просмотровым. Если интереса не
усматривается, чтение прекращается, и читающие переходят к следующему
материалу; 2) в случае положительной оценки меняется характер чтения,
например, в поисках нужной информации осуществляется поисковое чтение,
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