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Файл:Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. English for law students. Часть 2
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politicians and businessmen in each of the countries concerned, according to
assessments by foreign business partners;
– bringing pressure to bear on national law-enforcement agencies for the
purpose of wiping out bribery;
– searching for means of international cooperation to combat bribery of
officials, including means such as enacting anti-graft laws in the countries
concerned;
– enhancement of international cooperation between non-governmental
organizations, such as the International Chamber of Commerce.
POSTSCRIPT. The UN's classification of transnational crimes reveals the
underworld's strong impact on private individuals, on certain economic sectors and
on the world economy as a whole. Such crimes are so horrible that they can
become unbearable to humanity in the future. Both individuals and businesses
must take immediate action to protect themselves against the perils posed by the
underworld. Increasing international cooperation must be recognized as an
indispensable requisite in combating organized crime worldwide.
The UN Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice believes
that it is urgently necessary for countries to extradite criminals and put them
on trial, promptly exchange information on criminal activity, provide
technical assistance to one another for crime prevention purposes, and take
more stringent measures to prevent cross-border activities by criminals and
smugglers of firearms, explosives, and substances that can be used in making
nuclear, biological and chemical weapons. The world's nations must also
expose such activities more vigorously.
Besides poisoning the climate of entrepreneurship and corrupting political
leaders, transnational crime makes a mockery of human rights. The mafia kills
democracy in whatever society it dominates. Such an evil can be vanquished only
through the concerted efforts of politicians, businessmen, journalists and lawenforcers worldwide.
Prepared for publication by
Vladimir Milyutenko.
B. Некоторые рекомендации для просмотрового чтения.
1. Прочтите заголовок статьи.
2. Просмотрите первую часть аннотации, обратите внимание на
фамилию известного криминолога, название комиссии, которую возглавляет
профессор Мюллер, на его классификацию.
3. Какова основная мысль второй части аннотации?
4. Прочтите подзаголовки статьи.
5. Понятна ли Вам структура статьи?
6. Просмотрите постскриптум. Каковы рекомендации комиссии ООН
по предотвращению международной преступности? Почему предлагаемые
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ею меры по борьбе с международной преступность так важны? Как мы
можем преодолеть преступность?
7. Составьте краткую аннотацию статьи (Ваше просмотровое чтение
статьи должно занять у Вас 10-15 минут).
8. Если статья интересна, и Вы хотите знать подробности,
воспользуйтесь данным ниже словарём. Нумерация абзацев статьи отражена
в словаре.
C. Словарь.
renown – слава, известность
1. clandestinely – тайно
bill – счет, банкнота
2. target – цель
to curb – обуздать
adherent – приверженец
tough – жесткий
retaliation – возмездие
extradition – выдача
3. tomb – надгробный памятник
plunderer – грабитель
4. temptation – искушение
software – программное обеспечение
copyright – авторское право
collusion – сговор
5. defy – не поддаваться описанию
trickster –обманщик, ловкач
6. lone – одинокий
propagate – распространять
7. coincidental – случайный
8. –
9. swindle – надувательство, мошенничество
10. –
lavishly – щедро
hefty – обильный, изрядный, порядочный
12. procure – сводничать
stringency – строгость
13. kidney – почка
lungs – легкие
lucrative – выгодный
commodity – товар
pittance – жалкие гроши
14. covenant – договор
15. –
16. brewery– пивоваренный завод
offshore – заграничный,
иностранный
haven – гавань, убежище,
прибежище
17. veil – предлог, маска
graft – взятка, незаконные доходы,
подкуп
peril – опасность, риск
mockery – издевательство, насмешка
vanquish – побеждать, преодолевать
11. whim – прихоть
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. Составьте письменную аннотацию статьи «The Mafia – a Global
Octopus».
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APPENDIX
ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ЧТЕНИЯ
И ДРУГИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ
Text for Reading
”DO'S AND DON'T'S FOR JURORS”
Ознакомьтесь с правилами для присяжных. При переводе текста
обратите внимание на использование повелительного наклонения.
During trial
1. DO arrive on time. The trial can not proceed (происходить) until all
jurors are present. Do return to the courtroom promptly (сразу) after breaks and
lunch.
2. DO pay close attention to witnesses. Concentrate both on what the
witnesses say and on their manner while testifying (давать показания).
If you cannot hear something, raise your hand and let the judge know.
3. DO keep an open mind all through the trial. DON’T form an opinion on
the case beforehand. Remember that if you make up your mind while listening to
one witness’s testimony, you may not be able to consider fully and fairly the
testimony that comes later.
4. DO listen carefully to the instructions of the judge immediately before the
jury begins its deliberations (обсуждение). Remember that it is your duty to
accept what the judge says about the law to the case. DON’T ignore the judge’s
instructions.
5. DON’T try to guess what the judge thinks about the case. Remember that
the judge’s rulings (постановление) do not reflect personal views.
6. DON’T talk about the case with anyone while the trial is going on, not
even with other jurors. It is equally important that you do not allow other people to
talk about the case in your presence, even a family member.
7. DON’T talk to the lawyers, parties, or witnesses about anything. These
people may ignore you outside the courtroom. Remember that they are not trying
to be rude: they are merely trying to avoid giving the impression that something
unfair (неправильный) is going on.
8. DON’T try to discover evidence on your own. For example, never go to
the scene of any event that is part of the case you are hearing. Remember that
courts decide cases only on the basis of evidence admissible (допустимый) in
court.
9. DON’T let yourself get any information about the case from newspapers,
television, radio, or any other source. Remember that news reports do not always
give accurate or complete information. Even if the news about the trial is accurate,
it cannot substitute for your own impressions about the case. If you should
accidentally hear outside information about the case during trial, tell the bailiff
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about it in private.
10. DON’T take notes during the trial unless the judge gives you permission
to do so.
11. DON’T attempt to ask witness any questions. If you were to take part in
asking questions, it’s hard for you to remain impartial (беспристрастный). In
addition, because you are not a professional, your questions may not be proper
under the rules of evidence. You’ll get the answers to most of your questions
sooner or later in the course of questioning by the lawyers.
12. DON’T express your opinion about the case to the other jurors until
deliberations begin. A person who expresses an opinion tends to pay attention only
to evidence that supports it and to ignore evidence that points the other way.
During deliberations
1. DO consult with the other jurors before making up your mind about a
verdict. Each juror must make up his or her own mind, but only after impartial
group consideration of the evidence.
2. DO reason out differences of opinion between jurors by means of a
complete and fair discussion of the evidence and of the judge’s instructions.
DON’T lose your temper, try to bully (запугивать) other jurors, or refuse to listen
to the opinions of other jurors.
3. DO reconsider your views in the light of your deliberations, and change
them if you become convinced they are wrong. DON’T change your convictions
about the importance or effect of evidence, however, just because other jurors
disagree with you or so that the jury can decide on a verdict.
4. DON’T play cards, read, or engage in any other diversion.
5. DON’T mark or write on exhibits (вещественные доказательства) or
otherwise change or injure them.
6. DON’T try to guess about the possible decision of the court of appeal.
Remember that courts of appeal deal only with legal questions and will not change
questions of fact.
7. DON’T cast lots (бросать жребий) or otherwise arrive at your verdict by
chance, or the verdict will be illegal.
8. DON’T talk to anyone about your deliberations or about the verdict until
the judge discharges (распускать) the jury. After discharge you may discuss the
verdict and the deliberations with anyone to whom you wish to speak. DO be
careful about what you say to others. You should not say or write anything that you
would not be willing to state under oath.
(From “Just English” by Gumanova Ju.L., Korolyova V.A, Sveshnikova M.
L., etc. - M, 1996.)
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Ознакомьтесь с содержанием следующих разделов с использованием
глаголов в повелительном наклонении. Возможно Вы сможете ими воспользоваться в следующих ситуациях:
Situation 1. Maintaining Peace (Law and Order)/Поддержание спо-
койствия (права) и порядка.
Please comply with the demand
of the management.
администрации.
Подчинитесь требованию
Keep quiet, please! Сохраняйте спокойствие!
Please show your documents
(passport, identity card, driving
licence).
Please sign the report (record,
this document).
Give me your name, surname,
address, telephone number.
Please give a written
explanation.
(паспорт, удостоверение, водительские права).
документ).
фамилию, адрес, номер телефона.
объяснение.
Покажите Ваши документы
Подпишите протокол (этот
(Дайте) Ваше имя,
Дайте мне письменное
Sign your name. Подпишитесь.
Tell me the building and the
room number of the hotel (flat)
where you live.
Please follow me for a
medical examination.
Please stop film shooting
(picture taking, sketching).
комнаты (квартиры), где Вы
живете.
медицинской экспертизы.
(фотографирование, набросок,
Скажите мне дом и номер
Следуйте за мной для
Прекратите киносъемку
эскиз, зарисовку).
Please hand me the film roll
(drawing, sketch).
(рисунок, эскиз).
Дайте мне кинопленку
Don't smoke. He курите.
Don't litter. He сорите.
Don't make so much noise! He шумите!
Don't drive under the
influence of drink (alcohol)!
Park the car in the proper
parking places!
нетрезвом виде!
надлежащих местах для стоянок!
Не водите машину в
Ставьте машину в
Observe road traffic rules! Соблюдайте правила
уличного движения!
145
Situation 2. In Cases of Emergency.В случаях крайней необходимости.
Be careful! Осторожнее!
Look out! Осторожно, берегитесь!
Wait a minute! Подождите минуту!
Look ahead! Смотрите вперед!
Please help me! Пожалуйста, помогите мне!
Call (for) an ambulance! Вызовите скорую помощь!
Please ask to send for a patrol
саr.
Go to the chief. Пройдите к начальнику.
Apply to the person on duty
on your floor.
Dial 01 (zero and one) in case
of fire.
Dial 02 for the militia. Звоните 02 в милицию.
Dial 03 for an ambulance. Звоните 03 о скорой
Follow (come with) me to the
militia to clear up this question.
Situation 3. In Cases of Poor Understanding/В случаях
недопонимания сказанного
I'm sorry, say it again, please. Простите, скажите это
Please repeat what you said. Пожалуйста, повторите, что
Please speak a little more
slowly.
Please call (send for) the
interpreter (the guide, the leader of
the delegation, a doctor, an
ambulance).
Excuse me... Извините ...
Please translate into Russian. Пожалуйста, переведите на
Explain (it) to me. Объясните (это) мне.
Spell the word, please. Назовите слово по буквам,
Попросите послать за
патрульной машиной.
Обратитесь к дежурному по
этажу.
Звоните 01 в случае пожара.
помощи.
Пойдемте со мной в
милицию выяснить этот вопрос.
снова, пожалуйста.
Вы сказали.
Пожалуйста, говорите не-
многo медленнее.
Пожалуйста, позовите переводчика (гида, руководителя
делегации, врача, скорую
помощь).
русский язык.
пожалуйста.
146
Situation 4. Some Military Commands/Некоторые команды.
Halt! Стой!
Hands up! Руки вверх!
Give yourself up! Сдавайся!
Throw away the weapons! Бросай оружие!
Shun! (Attention!) Смирно!
At ease! Вольно!
Fall in! Становись!
Right face! Направо!
Left face! Налево!
About face! Кругом!
Forward! Вперед!
Go ahead before me! Идите впереди меня!
Text for Reading
STRUCTURING THE DETECTIVE FUNCTION IN THE USA POLICE
Упражнения, предваряющие чтение текста
I. Просмотрите текст, найдите и выпишите:
1. Имена существительные с суффиксами: -er, -ant denoting a doer;
2. Имена существительные с суффиксами: -tion, -sion, - ssion, -ment,
- ing, -ness, -ance, -ence, -ty, -ity, -y.
3. Имена прилагательные с суффиксами: -able, -al, -ful, -ous, -ic, -ent.
4. Наречия с приставкой: in-.
II. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов: commit – commission,
department – departmental, confident – confidence – self-confidence, perform –
performance, inform – informant – information.
III. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов из контекста
1. Crime prevention and crime solution are the priorities in police work.
2. One of the primary weapons of the officer against the criminal is his
notebook.
3. The FBI brings its forces into sharp focus in its law enforcement activity.
4. The director gradually builds up a fund of information that is
indispensable to the FBI efficiency.
5. The public learns about the former FBI director Edgar Hoover's "black
bag jobs" - illegal performance of the FBI special division on the private lives of
public figures.
147
IV. Заполните схему:
Подлежащее
Сказуемое
Дополнение
The detective chooses, cultivates and uses the informants.
… … … … … … … …
V. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:
1. What unit in American police departments usually provides personnel for
the detective division? 2. What is the primary function of the detective? 3. What
are the two aspects of his activity? 4. Is it necessary to detail the functions in the
detective division for its effective work? 5. What factor permits the detective to
concentrate his time and energies in his detective function? 6. What process
constitutes the functional area of the detective investigation? 7. When should the
detective operate in plain clothes? 8. What is the keystone in the structure of the
detective function? 9. How many specific objectives does the criminal
investigation involve? What are they? 10. What are the priorities in structuring the
detective function?
STRUCTURING THE DETECTIVE FUNCTION
IN THE USA POLICE
The basic feature in American police departments is
choosing personnel for the detective division from the
patrol unit. Successful operation of police depends much on
their understanding the priorities (приоритет) in structuring
(структурирование, построение) the detective function.
The primary function of the detective is to prevent crime and in case of its
commission - to apprehend the offenders who escape (избегать, избавляться)
arrest at the hands of the patrol division and to recover the stolen property. This
function which consists essentially in the ferreting out serious crimes and in the
detection of those who commit them includes (включать) criminal investigation
and is a basic feature of modern police service. It is the point at which the forces of
law and order approach (приближаться, подходить) the problem of crime and
the criminal, detective division in the police department playing an important role
in frustrating the efforts of professional criminals. Thus, crime detection includes
overt and covert detective functions.
To cope with case load (нагрузка) in the police department it is necessary
sometimes to detail the functions in the detective division into homicide, robbery
(грабеж), burglary, larceny, automobile theft and other squads.
This specialization in detective division permits (позволять) the detective
to concentrate his time and energies in the prevention and investigation of a
particular (специфический, особый, определенный) type of criminal activity,
and through continuous work in a specific criminal area he gradually builds up a
fund of skills and information that is indispensable to departmental efficiency
(эффективность, коэффициент полезного действия). Не comes to know
148
personally the offenders who operate within specific criminal specialty which
constitutes the functional area of his investigation; operating in plain clothes if
necessary he becomes familiar with their methods of operation, their habits, their
distinctive marks, friends, relatives and close associates. (Contrary to general
belief (убеждение, мнение) disguises (маскировка, переодевание) of various
sorts do not play an important role in undercover work of the successful detective).
He chooses, cultivates and uses the informants who are very helpful in
ferreting out serious crimes and investigative process. The information of the
informants concerning the activities of criminal offenders is of great importance in
crime prevention and quick and accurate crime solution. Not infrequently an
experienced detective is able to narrow the investigation and search down to a
single individual after a careful study of the crime scene and recognition
(узнавание) of salient features of modus operandi. The detection and apprehension
of the evil-doer and the production of evidence against him, all depend on criminal
investigation which is the keystone in the structure of the detective function.
Members of the detective division perform various types of investigation. The
Oxford Universal Dictionary defines "investigation" as observing or studying by
close examination and systematic inquiry. "Criminal investigation" involves four
specific objectives (цель): 1. Establishing the fact of the commission of a crime the corpus delicti or the body of a crime. 2. Identifying the elements of the offence.
3. Detection and apprehension of the offender. 4.The production of evidence
against him.
What does the successful solution of detective cases usually depend upon? It
does not generally depend so much on miraculous (сверхъестественный)
sleuthing powers or methods which we see in detective mystery thrillers
(сенсационный фильм-боевик) but on persistent, intelligent hard work and
qualifications and training which an ordinary policeman does not possess. If you
ask, "What personal qualities does a good detective possess?", the answer could
be, - there is no doubt that the successful detective possesses besides proper law
enforcement professional education such personal qualities as common sense,
courage, discretion (благоразумие, усмотрение), self-confidence,
resourcefulness (находчивость), initiative, intelligence, imagination
(воображение), patience (терпение) and perseverance (настойчивость),
alertness (бдительность), discriminating observation, memory (especially
memory to remember faces), and decision-making judgement. In general detective
division carries out in police the functions similar to combat (боевой, строевой)
elements in military operations.
Упражнения к тексту
VI. Найдите предложение, которое соответствует содержанию
текста.
1. Case load determines the necessity for the creation of a special squad.
2. The selection of competent criminal investigators for detective work
149
presents a difficult problem.
3. The detection and apprehension of the evil-doer and the production of
evidence against him, all depend on criminal investigation which is the keystone in
the structure of the detective function.
4. Intensive training is not only for the detective recruit but also for
supervisory and command personnel in the Criminal Investigation Division.
VII. Найдите в тексте и прочтите следующие предложения.
1. Предварительное сообщение источников информации о
деятельности правонарушителей имеет большое значение для
предотвращения преступления и быстрого и полного раскрытия
преступления.
2. Он (сыщик) подбирает, воспитывает и использует источники
информации, которые помогают узнавать (собирать) информацию о
серьезных преступлениях в процессе расследования.
3. Основная отличительная особенность отделов полиции в Америке
заключается в подборе кадров для отдела уголовного розыска из резервов
патрульной службы.
VIII. Дайте оценку утверждениям, используя "True (T), False (F),
Sometimes (Smt)".
1. The primary function of the detective is to conduct search and seizure of
stolen property.
2. It's necessary to detail the functions in the detective division into
homicide, robbery, burglary, larceny, automobile theft and other squads.
3. Members of the detective division should perform various types of
investigation.
4. Disguises of various sorts take the priority in the work of all the
detectives.
IX. Разделите текст на несколько частей и озаглавьте каждую из
них.
X. Что было нового и интересного для Вас в этом тексте?
Text for Reading
"POLICING" IN RESPONSE TO CITIZEN'S "CALLING THE COPS"
Упражнения, предваряющие чтение текста
I. Просмотрите текст, найдите и выпишите:
1. Имена существительные с суффиксами, обозначающими исполнителя действия: -er, -ant, -al.
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