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Файл:Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. English for law students. Часть 2
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2. Имена существительные с суффиксами: -tion, -ance, -ence (-ency),
Подлежащее
Сказуемое
Дополнение
Обстоятель
ство
... ...
... ... ...
... ... ... ...
- ing,
3. Имена прилагательные с суффиксами: al, -ible, -ous, -ive, -an.
II. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов: arrive – arrival; recover –
unrecovered; participate – participant – participation; dwell (syn. live) –
dweller – dwelling; call – caller – calling.
III. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов из контекста:
1. The patrolman tagged two cars for running a stop sign. 2. After passing
the sentence the policeman took those convicted to jail. 3. The police radio in
Minneapolis operated on three frequences with three dispatchers. 4. The
repertoire of methods of policing included their overt and undercover functions.
5. The search commander manned his operative group in some minutes.
IV. Заполните схему:
The officers took their instructions from time to time.
V. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:
1. When did the patrolmen start their shift? 2. Did the patrolmen call for an
ambulance? 3. The patrolmen warned a very loud party, didn't they? 4. Where did
the patrolmen send a traffic offender? 5. Why did the patrolmen stop a car as they
were returning to the precinct station? 6. Did the incidents often result in arrest?
7. What was the typical official outcome of police patrol?
"POLICING" IN RESPONSE TO CITIZEN'S
"CALLING THE COPS"
American city dweller's (житель) repertoire of methods for handling
problems includes (включать) such as "calling the cops". We are going
to review the way of policing, i.e. performing by the police their
everyday mundane duties, in response (ответ) to citizen's calls for
police service for a certain (определенный) past period of time.
Patrol cars, manned by two officers and assigned (назначать) to each of
five precincts operated within the city. The officers met in the precinct station for
roll call. (Roll call is an informal affair which takes place regularly every morning
in each precinct). The presiding officer advised the patrolmen of crimes which
occurred (случаться, происходить) in the precinct during the past 24 hours and
of any possible unusual demands (запрос) for police service expected (ожидать)
during the coming shift. In addition, the patrolmen got a fresh list of unrecovered
stolen cars. Roll call usually took from ten to twenty minutes.
151
Most patrolmen operated on three shifts - midnight to 8:00
a.m., 8:00 to 4:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m. to midnight. Additional
patrolmen, however, were on the street in the evening hours
when the demand for police service peaked.
These patrolmen started their shift at 6:00 p.m., 7:00 p.m. or 8:00 p.m.
Phone calls from citizens for police service reached the dispatcher in two ways,
either by direct call to the police emergency (срочный вызов) number in the
radio room or by referral (справка) from a precinct desk officer who received a
citizen's call. The dispatcher dispatched the squad car responsible for the district in
which the problem existed. If the district squad car was busy on another call, the
dispatcher, depending on the urgency (срочность) of the call might send some
other car to handle the call. A typical call by the dispatcher with responses from
the squad car was:
Dispatcher: "555"
Squad car 555: "555".
Dispatcher: "Car 555 go to 34 - 1st Avenue, domestic".
Squad car 555: "34 - 1st Avenue, domestic".
The material that follows describes some of the calls and other matters
handled by squad car 555 during its 8-hour shift.
12:33. 29 - Bryant, sick person. We learned from the woman at the door
about her husband having serious ulcer (язва) difficulty. We called an ambulance,
but did not wait for its arrival.
12:43. As we were passing a house, we heard a very loud party. We warned
(предупреждать) the participants to reduce (понижать) the volume (сила звука).
12:50.30 - Finley. DK at the door. When we arrived, no drunk was there.
1:14.32nd and 1st, DK in the street. When we arrived, the drunk moved
away.
1:30. Magoo's Bar, take a stolen (stolen auto report). When we arrived no
one was there from whom to take a stolen auto report.
1:49. We provided transportation of a traffic offender to jail.
5:10. As we were returning to the precinct station, we saw a car running a
red light. We stopped it, asked the driver to show his driver's licence. The driver
had no driver's licence in his possession. We radioed to see if he had a driver's
licence. They gave a negative answer. We allowed the driver to go with the officer
to his home and obtain his licence. We, however, gave a tag (уведомление о
штрафе) to a car for running a red light.
In addition to these regular precinct shifts, there was a tactical squad of
about fifteen cars that was on the streets each evening except Sunday to handle the
problems of "peace-keeping" activities of the police.
Those are only some of the non-law enforcement encounters the police dealt
with during their routine policing in response to citizen's "calling the cops".
Thus the workload of the average patrol officer’s day was six-seven radiodispatched encounters. An extremely busy weekend night could involve 20
152
dispatches to a single car. In 77 percent of the felony situations and in 51 percent
of the misdemeanour situations no suspect was available when the police arrived at
the scene, and the only citizen participant was a complainant or an informant or
bystander. So the incidents rarely resulted in arrest and the typical official outcome
was a crime report, the basic document for official crime statistics and further
investigation by the detective division.
Упражнения к тексту
VI. Найдите предложение, которое соответствует содержанию
текста.
1. The patrolmen gave one car a speeding tag.
2. The policemen tagged a car for parking in a wrong place.
3. We, however, gave him a tag for running a red light.
VII. Найдите в тексте и прочтите следующие предложения.
1. Оперативное совещание обычно продолжалось от 10 до 20 минут.
2. Офицеры встречались в полицейском участке на оперативном
совещании.
3. Мы остановили машину и попросили водителя предъявить
водительские права.
VIII. Какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию
текста?
1. Roll call usually took from fifty minutes to an hour.
2. Patrol cars manned by three officers and assigned to each of seven
precincts operated within the city.
3. We provided transportation of a juvenile to jail.
IX. Дайте оценку утверждениям, используя слова "True (T), False (F),
Sometimes (Smt)".
1. All phone calls from citizens for police service reached the dispatcher only
by the police emergency number.
2. The policeman gave the driver a tag for running a green light.
3. As the patrolmen were passing the house, they heard a very loud party.
4. The officers met at the precinct station and got a fresh list of unrecovered
stolen cars.
Text for Reading
TRAFFIC CRIME PREVENTION IN THE USA
Упражнения, предваряющие чтение текста
153
I. Просмотрите текст, найдите и выпишите:
Подлежащее
Сказуемое
Дополнение
Обстоятельство
1. Имена существительные с суффиксами, обозначающими
исполнителя действия: -er, -or, -ist, -ian;
2. Имена существительные с суффиксами:-tion, -ment, -ship, -ty (-ity), -
ence, -ing.
3. Имена прилагательные с суффиксами: -ous, -ant, -al, -ic, -ible, -ing.
4. Наречия с суффиксом: - ly.
II. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов: save – safe – safety;
responsible – responsibility; violate – violator – violation; describe –
descriptive – description; relate – relation – relationship; thief – thieves – theft;
probable – probably – probability; frequent – infrequent – infrequently.
III. Догадайтесь о значении выделенных слов из контекста:
1. A great number of the accidents corroborates the fact that the drivers have
consumed the alcohol.
2. The driver has deserved more serious punishment because he was driving
while intoxicated and has caused a collision of two vehicles.
3. Some juveniles have stolen a vehicle, now they are wanted by the police.
4. The owner could not recognize his car as it has been dismantled into
spare parts.
5. This year a great percentage of traffic accidents has been caused by the
pedestrians.
IV. Заполните схему:
law enforcement, situation, quickly, accident, and, traffic, authorities, have,
estimated, accurately
... ... ...
... ...
... ... ...
... ... ... ...
V. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:
1. What have you read in the previous texts about? 2. What is the moral
aspect of traffic crime prevention? 3. Who should be a special aim of public
education in traffic safety? 4. In what way (how) can the Department of Motor
Vehicles play a major role in preventing accidents? 5. When does a traffic officer
issue a citation? 6. Drinking drivers have been responsible for half of all accidents,
haven't they? 7. What system has become a method of removing bad-risk drivers
from the roadway? 8. Is there a close relationship between traffic law enforcement
and crime control?
154
TRAFFIC CRIME PREVENTION IN THE USA
In the previous texts you have read about the two very important
aspects of crime prevention in general - crime prevention by effective
law enforcement and crime prevention as a moral and social problem.
The moral and social aspect of traffic crime prevention is traffic
safety education of drivers, pedestrians, motorcyclists, bicyclists, and
especially children in safe walking, riding (ехать верхом), and driving.
Traffic violators should be a special aim of public education in traffic
safety.
Police traffic control function is nowadays the responsibility of the
Department of Motor Vehicles, the patrol police services and specialized
traffic law enforcement and accident investigation squads.
The Department of Motor Vehicles can play a major role in
preventing accidents by not allowing unqualified drivers to get a licence. It can
refuse (отказывать) to issue licence to an individual who has failed to pass a
written test, or driving-skill test, or both. Under certain conditions a driver may
also have his driving privileges (licences) suspended. Not infrequently it punished
such drivers and imposed stiff fines on them. Patrolmen and traffic
officers spend a portion of their work shifts stopping traffic violators.
The great majority of patrol and traffic officers throughout the country
prefer to warn an offender than to issue a citation (повестка в суд). The
officer shortly releases those drivers who have committed minor traffic offences
which call for oral or written warnings. If the drivers have committed violations of
the traffic code serious enough to deserve (заслуживать) a citation the officer
observing the violation has to issue a citation. (A logical method of removing badrisk drivers from the roadway is a point system (система штрафных баллов)).
For each moving violation a traffic officer makes points (отмечать штрафные
баллы) in the driver's record. In traffic law enforcement the police have a number
of alcoholic countermeasures to control alcohol-related vehicle accidents.
Evidence has clearly indicated (означать, указывать) that drinking drivers have
been responsible for half of all accidents and the probability of accident increases
as (1) blood alcohol concentration (ВАС) increases and (2) the driving time
becomes longer between the place where the driver had consumed the alcohol and
the destination (место назначения).
Police patrols identify, record and analyze alcohol-related crashes
(авария, столкновение) and watch for persons driving while intoxicated
(DWI) during certain hours and on specific days. Besides the traffic law
enforcement often revealed a percentage (обнаруживать процент) of
drivers wanted for more serious crime, (e.g. if the violating driver has flown from
the scene of traffic crime), especially in case of hit-and-run or auto-thefts. As "US
News and World Report" reads, one car thief has boasted (хвастать (ся) ) that no
American-made car is theftproof: he will have stolen most models by the end of a
minute and a half. Law enforcement authorities have estimated that car thieves
155
dismantle (разбирать) and sell for spare parts 40 per cent of the stolen cars. In
other cases car thieves change identification numbers of stolen cars, obtain new
ownership documents and then sell the vehicles to unsuspecting buyers.
Authorities report that organized crime, attracted by high profits, has recently
(недавно) grown into multistate auto-theft rings (шайка, банда). It's necessary to
add that some of so-called routine stops of traffic violators have developed into
armed assaults (нападение) on the police officers making the stops. Thus there is
a close relationship (взаимосвязь) between traffic law enforcement and crime
control.
Упражнения к тексту
VI. Найдите предложение, которое соответствует содержанию
текста.
1. Patrolmen and traffic officers have spent a portion of their working time
at the scene of traffic crime estimating the situation and punishing the violators.
2. It has been reported that 40 per cent of stolen cars has been dismantled
and sold for spare parts.
3. Police patrols identify, record and analyze alcohol-related crashes and
watch for persons driving under the influence during certain hours and on specific
days.
4. For each moving violation traffic officers have punished bad-risk drivers
by making a point in their records.
VII. Найдите в тексте и прочтите следующие предложения.
1. Можно отказать в выдаче водительского удостоверения тому, кто не
сдал письменный экзамен, экзамен на умение водить машину или оба
экзамена.
2. Офицер должен оформить вызов в суд на водителей, если они
совершили достаточно серьезное нарушение правил дорожного движения и
заслужили соответствующее наказание.
VIII. Дайте оценку утверждениям, используя слова "True (T), False (F),
Sometimes (Smt)".
1. The great majority of patrol and traffic officers throughout the country
have issued a citation for any minor traffic offence.
2. The Department of Motor Vehicles has played a major role in preventing
accidents by not allowing unqualified drivers to get a licence.
3. Criminal statistics has shown a close relationship between traffic law
enforcement and crime control.
4. The Criminal Investigation Department of every police is functioning as
the police force traffic control body.
5. Traffic police have imposed fines not only on violating drivers but also on
the pedestrians.
156
IX. Что было нового для Вас в этом тексте?
X. It is interesting to know
Do you know drive-safe signs and prevention-of-accidents signs?
Here they are:
1. Check your brakes and your brakes will check you
2. The driver is safer when the road is dry. The road is safer when the driver
is dry.
3. Do you love your children? So do we – drive slowly.
4. It's better to be late, Mr. Motorist, than to be the late Mr. Motorist.
This is God's country. Don't drive through it like hell.
(From D.Bell, B.Bell. Keep Smiling! Sigma-Press. -M, 1996).
Text for Reading
MODERN SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
Новые слова: reliance – доверие, опора, надежда; rescue – спасение,
спасательный; спасать; breed – порода; keen – тонкий, острый (слух и т.п.);
fugitive – беглец; emit – испускать, издавать; tagging and tracking – зд.
блокировка и слежение с помощью “радиомаячков”; target – цель; bug –
подслушивать с помощью микрофонов; wiretap – подслушивать телефонные
переговоры.
A number of surveillance techniques are used by police, but their chief
reliance is almost universally placed on patrolling.
Patrol systems. Patrols vary in methodology, assignments, structure and
mobility.
Their flexibility has been significantly increased by
improved methods of communication, especially the two-way
radio, and by the availability of numerous types of vehicles such
as the automobile, the motorcycle, and the bicycle.
Helicopters are used primarily for rescue work and special tactical situations
requiring surprise or high mobility. In some countries short take-off and landing
aircraft have been adopted for patrol and rescue work.
Police dogs. The training of dogs for police work was originally developed
in Ghent, Belg., about 1900 and was soon copied elsewhere. Certain breeds with
especially keen senses are used for special purposes such as detecting drugs or for
tracking fugitives and missing persons and for regular patrol work.
Electrical protection systems. With the help of electrical protection
(alarm) systems burglaries are substantially reduced and the capture of
many criminals is realized. Central-station systems and local-alarm
systems are the two basically used categories of burglar-alarm systems. Armed
guards are on duty at all times and are dispatched to conduct immediate
investigations of unauthorized entry of protected property.
157
Technical surveillance. The capabilities of law-enforcement agencies have
been greatly expanded with the application of so-called technical surveillance: 1.
Audial surveillance, 2. Optical surveillance and 3. Tagging and tracking.
Audial surveillance. For audial surveillance or “bugging“ and
“wiretapping“ miniature microphones and radio transmitters, a variety of
radio-receiving and voice-recording equipment are used.
Optical surveillance. In optical surveillance such devices as
binoculars and telescopes; cameras with long-focal-length, or
telephoto, lenses; close-circuit television; and video tape recorders are
used by police and by private security systems. Low-light-level devices, nightvision telescopes are greatly used for passive optical surveillance in virtual
darkness.
Tagging and tracking. In object tagging and signal tracking
operations devices emitting a unique signal are attached to vehicles or
implanted in targeted objects. Receiving or activating equipment is used
to track the tagged objects. A typical device is a miniature radio transmitter
commonly known as a “bumper beeper“ which is secretly attached to the vehicle.
The target is tracked with surveillance vehicles equipped with appropriate
receiving equipment.
(From Britannica EncyclopÆdia, v. 25, p. 967-968).
A
Situation 1. Изучите следующие диалоги, попрактикуйтесь. Возможно,
Вы сможете помочь иностранному туристу, попавшему в сложную
ситуацию.
Card I
Tourist: Excuse me, officer.
Officer: Yes, what's up?
Турист: Извините, офицер.
Mилиционер: В чем дело?
(что случилось?)
T.: Please, help me. I'm
missing my suitcase (чемодан).
O.: Oh, please, your name,
surname?
T.: I am Jim Brown from
Great Britain.
ста. У меня пропал мой чемодан.
фамилия?
кобритании.
Т.: Помогите мне, пожалуй-
M.: О, пожалуйста, Ваше имя,
Т.: Я – Джим Браун из Вели-
O.: When did you notice it? M.: Когда Вы это заметили?
T.: I missed my suitcase in
my hotel yesterday at 8 o'clock.
O.: I advise you to go to the
militia station to report on your
missing property.
гостинице вчера в 8 часов.
отдел милиции и заявить о Вашем
пропавшем имуществе.
Т.: Чемодан пропал у меня в
M.: Я Вам советую пройти в
158
Новые слова: to lose (lost, lost) – терять.
M
.:
T.: Excuse me, officer. Т.: Извините, офицер.
O.: What's the matter? M.: В чем дело?
T.: I've lost my papers. Т.: Я потерял свои докумен-
O.: When did it happen?
Where? Were you alone?
T.: It happened yesterday
when we were getting about the
town. I was together with my group.
O.: You should ask at the lost
property office, telephone number...
T.: Where is it? Т.: Где оно?
O.: It's over there. M.: Оно – вон там.
Новые слова: to forget – забывать; to lock – запирать на замок.
T.: Pardon me, officer. Т.: Извините, офицер.
O.: I am at your service.
What's happened?
T.: Someone has taken my
raincoat.
O.: Where and when did it
happen?
T.: At my hotel yesterday. I
forgot to lock my room.
O.: What colour, size? M.: Какого цвета, размера?
T.: It's grey, size 50. Т.: Он серый, размер 50.
O.: Please, apply to the nea-
rest militia station for it.
Card II
ты.
M.: Когда это случилось?
Где? Вы были один?
Т.: Это случилось вчера, когда мы ездили по городу. Я был
вместе со своей группой.
M.: Вам следует узнать в бюро находок, телефон...
Card III
M.: К Вашим услугам. Что
случилось?
Т.: Кто-то взял мой плащ.
M.: Где и когда это случи-
лось?
Т.: В моей гостинице, вчера.
Я забыл закрыть свою комнату на
ключ.
M.: Пожалуйста, обратитесь
по этому поводу в ближайший отдел милиции.
T.: Excuse me, officer. Т.: Извините, офицер.
O.: What's the trouble? M.: В чем дело?
T.: I've left my bag in a bus
on my way to the hotel.
O.: What was the number of
your bus?
T.: Fifty-five. Т.: 55.
O.: What's your name? M.: Ваше имя?
T.: I'm Robert Hall. Т.: Я Роберт Холл.
O.: Well, I'll try to help you.
Card IV
Т.: Я оставил свою сумку в
автобусе по пути в гостиницу.
M.: Какой был номер Вашего
автобуса?
Ну, я попытаюсь Вам
159
T.: Thank you. Т.: Спасибо.
O.: Let's hope for the better. M.: Будем надеяться на луч-
Новые слова: to detain – задерживать; to allow – позволять.
O.: Show me your documents,
please.
T.: What's the matter? Т.: В чем дело?
O.: I must detain you and find
out what you are.
T.: I am a foreigner, a tourist
from Manchester.
O.: But you don't comply
with the tourist's instructions. Picture
taking is not allowed here.
T.: Sorry, I didn't know about
that.
помочь.
шее.
Сard V
M.: Покажите мне Ваши до-
кументы, пожалуйста.
M.: Я должен задержать Вас
и узнать, кто Вы.
Т.: Я – иностранец, турист из
Манчестера.
M.: Но Вы не подчиняетесь
(требованиям) инструкциям туристов. Фотографировать здесь не
разрешается.
Т.: Извините, я не знал об
этом.
Card VI
T.: Could you help me, please? Т.: Не могли бы Вы помочь
мне?
O.: With pleasure. What's up? M.: С удовольствием. Что
случилсь?
T.: I've got а serious heart
attack. Please call an ambulance.
ный приступ. Пожалуйста, вызови-
Т.: У меня серьезный сердеч-
те скорую по-мощь.
O.: Don't worry. I'll do that
just at once.
T.: I am so obliged to you.
Thank you.
час же это сделаю.
бо.
M.: He беспокойтесь. Я сей-
Т.: Я так Вам обязан. Спаси-
O.: That's all right. M.: Все нормально.
B
Situation 2: Maintain peace and order/Поддержание спокойствия и
порядка .
Изучите следующие диалоги. Возможно приведённые ниже выражения
окажутся полезны Вам при выполнении Ваших профессиональных
обязанностей.
160
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