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Военная терминология и военный перевод. Учебное пособие

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2.   ,          ,      ,     ,    , ­   ,    ­  ,  ,   ­  [43, . 231].
3.        ­.      , ­       ,  ,  ,    ,  ,    . ­            .
4.         «        ­» [43, . 231].
5.        .
   ,  
,   :
• способность переводить в условиях опасных для собственной
      ,    ­.    ( 1980  1988)      [125].          2014  «                .          » [122];
• владение средствами невербальной коммуникации, в частности
 ,         .   –   ­,     ,  ­,       ,     ,    (., : http://www.intas.org/ downloads/downloads-dokumente.htm).   ­       ;
• готовность подчиняться и выполнять приказы.
           ,    ,  ­     
31
,     - ­: „e interpreter/translator 09L MOS is primarily responsible for conducting interpretation and preparing translations between English and a foreign language. ey also assist Soldiers with familiarization training in foreign languages and cultural awareness. 09L Soldiers specialize in a number of languages. Some primary duties may include the following;
• Prepare nontechnical translations into the target language and perform
sight translations from a target language into English
• Perform oral interpretation
• Assist military contracting ocers with a local purchase or provide
interpretation support at a military trac control point
• Assist security personnel in screening the local population at military
checkpoints
• Provide interpretation assistance for the Public Aairs Oce during
local media events and translation of local newspapers or pamphlet” [166].
  ,     ­ ,   .    -     . ­ «   …».    , ­     , ­  (  . . ),         (  .-. . ), - ( ­ .. ). .    ,  : «  » (1977) . , «» (2005) . , « ­» (1995) . , « » (1975) . , «­  :   «»» (1986) . , «.  1945» (1965), «   » (1967) . , «  .  :  » (2003) . , «   » (2001) .   . [109].       ­ «    »,     . .      .  ­,    . .  (E. Dollman)   « » (Dolmetscher der Diktatoren). .-.  (P.-O. Schmidt)   «  ­ » (Statist auf diplomatischer Bühne).          -
32
,  ,       , ­  ,     ­    ,       ,      . .-.  ,  ,    ­: „Im Laufe der Jahre bin ich auf Grund meiner Erfahrungen immer mehr zu der Überzeugung gelangt, daß ein guter diplomatischer Dolmetscher drei Eigenschaen besitzen muß: er muß in allererster Linie, so paradox es auch klingen mag, schweigen können, zweitens muß er selbst in gewissem Ausmaß Sachverständiger in den Fragen sein, um die es sich bei seinen Übersetzungen handelt, und erst an dritter Stelle kommt eigenartigerweise die Beherrschung der Sprache“ [176].
 ,     ,   ­  – «  –  » (Man lernt nie aus),    ,     . ­   ,     ­,           [171].
5. Переводчики на Нюрнбергском процессе
   :      30-     - , ­     ,   -,      [34, . 18].
24-   ,         ,     4- :
1.    .
2.   .
3.  .
4.   .
   ,   ­    ,   ­        ,       .        ,        ,     ­    ,      ,  .
33
«  IBM           ­ –   “Hushaphone” -­ –     ,              » [34, . 20].
         (, ,   )             ,      ­    .          .  ­ . «      ,          .       ­ :         ,          ­.   :      ,  –   ,  –  ,  –  ,  –  . ­       .    6 :       ,         .       ,           ,   ,     » [34, . 20].
«    4 :
1.   (36 ).
2.    (12 ­  ,   4- ,   ).
3.   (8   20–25   . 15–18    ,  8  ­  .       10 ).
4.  (12    ).
5.   ( 100 , ­ ,     ).
       -
  . 3  – «A», «B»  «C» ( 12 
34
 ) –  .      ­ .   «A»    85   «»   .     ,      ,        ,   .   ­,    .     ­     ,   ­   ,    .
      «B»         606       ­.          ­   ,    -            .  ,    «B»   , ­       «A».  ­            » [34, . 20–22].            ,    .
«        ­    .   ­    ,            ,     ,    ­ ,     ­.                .              » [34, . 25].
    ­,       .   , , «        “  ”. ,         .     » [34, . 27].
 « » . . ,  ­     ,     -  , ­  «  »,        . «   
35
        .      » [46].               «   » . . ,    . « ­          .       .        ­    ,     ­ . ,       ,    .   ,  ,       ,    ,     ,    ,      –  ­,   . …      ,    «».       ,          ,        (   ).       .        ,   ­     » [18, . 21].
     1- , , ,  ,   –  ­ , (  ),    (  ),    (  )     ( ­  ,     ).
       , «   .            . ­    ,       , ,            .      ­.        ,               .  ,  ,   ­ -.  « »       , -      ,    .     ,
36
   ,        ­,     ,  ­  ,       ,   .   ,  ,    ,   ;   ­ ,       ­.  ,   ,  ­        [18, . 22]. …              . ­           .        . ,             ,        ,  ­  ,           » [18, . 23].   ­   . . : «      , , ,   .   -          .          ,   ,   ,  ,    ,   ,    .      ,      » [18].
    .  ­      ,       .       1947 .
             ,  ­   ,   ­         ­.       :
Евгений Абрамович Гофман (1918–1986).    1940 . (   ),          .     1956 .      ­.  1956 –            -
37
 .  «     » (   . . ) (1943),   «­ :            » (   . . ) (., 1980),      «­ » (   . . ) (., 1987).
. .         .      ­         .     .      ­   : «      ­   1946   .       ,       ­  ,      ­,        ,    .         ­.  ,      …      ,  ­  ,      ,      ,        , ,   ,  ­ –  ,       .          ,           .     .      ,   ,    .       ,         (, , ).   ­,             ­.     ,   - .        , ­    .        ,     ­  …     ,       » [146].
«         . -,    
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:   ,        ,   ,  ... -,      :             ,  ,    ­,         .    ;  ­     ­       » [18, . 22].
Ступникова Татьяна Сергеевна (1923–2005).      ,    ­     .  ,   ,   .      1931  . ­      .  .    . ,   –       .
.       ,    .       «  .  . ­ » (2003). «     1946  ,        (),         –   .    ,   ,  ­      , ,   ,          .     ,    ­. …   : « ,       …».  ,    ­     ,    «­ ».           . […] () ,               ,     » [59, . 12].
«,    ...     ,        ,                 
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,      : , , ­  .   ,              , ­,     ,   ­    ,   ­  ,              .     ­   . -     ... -,          .    ...   24  (    )   12           ­   » [18, . 14–15].
   . «  [] ,    ,    ­        .      ,          . ,       .  : “  !”,      : “  !”       ,  ,    ­ –   ,      ­ : “,   ,      !”» [18, . 14].
     «­»,   ,      . «...  <>     ,          ­ “”    : “  .             ,   !” : “     ,         ­!” : “         ,    !” : “   ,  ,  !” : “     ­   ,  ,   ,     !”» [18, . 167].
«       ,   ­   ,               
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