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Военная терминология и военный перевод. Учебное пособие

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  ,     ­  ,    ,        , ­  .  ,   ­    ,       ,      .
 1  1945 .      ­ -    : «1- –   (500 ), 2- –   (250), 3- – ­   (200), 4- – - (200), 5- – ­  (4000), 6- – - (250), 7- –     (450), 8- –   (500)  9- –    (500)» [62, . 122].
 1  1958 .    ­  .     ­       ,   ,   .
 1961       5--­      . «      ­   22  1963 .         . …           .    : -          «­-»     «» –      ;             «­    »     «­»» [62, . 123].
 1970–1980- .     ­ «             ,          , , ­  .         ­              .  ­   ,     ,  , , -
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.  » … [62, . 124–125].     ­        .
 1991 .              ,      ,          ,     . «5  1999 .  ­              .       ­          .  ­   –     ,       ­,     , ­             ­       ,    ,   .             «­-»       ­ «     ­», «     », «   »» [62, . 125].
   31  ,     17    14 . «          ­  , , , , , ,   ,      . .,                 ,     ,  » [62, . 126].
Выпускники Военного института иностранных языков
Красной Армии
Левин Иммануил Ильич (1915–1994),   ,  1942 .
       ­     .  -
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  ,  .   ­   «».   . .   «  », « ­ » [139].
Ржевская Елена Моисеевна   1919 .  . , ­.  1941 .      ,    ().   1941 . ­        ­    .   .   1942 . –    .   1942 .     30   . ­    -     .        ­ 30   , 10-   2- ­ , 3-   1-  . ­  ,  .   1945 .                 .  15 ,   «.  1945» (    20 ,
1965), «   » (1967), « » (1980), «­ » (1985), « » (1986), « » (1988), «.   » (1994).   . . ­ (1995),     .        [139].
Цвиллинг Михаил Яковлевич (1925–2013) –   ­     .   ­  .   . : «      ( , ­      – )  ­    . , ,  ­    ,         ,        :     ,     ­    .   1941 .,    ,           2-  (       ,  ­   ),      -.     15 ,  ­       ,    
23
   ,       1945 .   -­   42  ,    ­ 3-     » [139].           ,  ­    : «            ­ .       ,   ­   ,    ­.  ,          .           .       ­   ,    – « ».       .  ,    ­ .     ,    ,    » [128]. « « »        ­,   –  1957 .,     , ,      .       ,  , .           1946 .   ,          ,     .     ,                ­  » [139].
Этуш Владимир Абрамович  6  1923 .  . ­, .  1941 .  1    .  ­  .       ­         .   .   1942 . –   70     ,  86  1943 . –  ,   ­ 581   151   4-  ,   1943 . –    ­1   .   1943 .    . ­    II ,   ,  «  ».    -
24
  . ,  1945 . –   . .    (1964),    (1984) [139].
Хитрук Фёдор Савельевич (1917–2009).   .  1  1917 .     .  ­  (),    ­        .  1941 .  -   «».    1941 .,  ­   . .   . ,   13  .   1943   1944 .         ­     .   .   1944 .       ­  3  .   1944 .     17  .      ,    .  ­           .    1947 . ­  .      -,   1961 .   «­».    (1977),    (1990).    : « » (1965), « » ( , 1969–1972);      : «  ­» (1962), «, , ...» (1968), «  ­» (1979)  . [139].
Мицкевич Анатолий Петрович (1919–1975)   ­,    .  1941 .   ­ .        .  ­ 1942   1943 .        .   .   1943. ­     ,      1956.          . .      ,  . .     . ,  . .       .   ­  2 ,  «  », «       ».  -­  . .  – -,    . .  [139].
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3.2. Подготовка военных переводчиков в Германии
      ­ ,   ,        (. 87   87b).         ­   .  ­    (das Bundessprachenamt, BSprA),     ,  ­,  ,    ­ (SprachlehrerInnen, KonferenzdolmetscherInnen, ÜbersetzerInnen, FremdsprachenassistentInnen und TerminologInnen)  ­ ,   87b   ­ . ,       ,       ­,     .
-     ­     [153].   ­               .
        :
–        ­,   ,   ­    ;
–       ­   ;
-       -
 ;
–         ­     ;
–    (  ­),      ;
– ,        ;
–     ;
–     /     ,       ­    ;
26
–       ­ ,       ­ ;
–        [154].
       ­:
1.    (Sprachausbildung).
2.   (Sprachmittlerdienst).
3.       
(Zentrale Angelegenheiten).
     :
–   .   . 20 000   ,      ­ ;
–     .  ­ . 700       60     ;
–     ,
–   ;
–        ­    30 .
    (Abteilung Sprach­mittlerdienst, SMD) :
–           ( 20  ).  ­    ,    ;
–       ­         ;
–     ,   ­      ,  ­  ;
–       ­  [153].
           .           ­   .        .     ­      
27
              [154].
          , ,       ­,      (Allgemeine Soldatische Ausbildung),     « »,           -,      .         ,         ,   ,    [163]. ­   ,    , ­     .  ­ ,  ,   /,       ,    ( ).
4. Военный переводчик. Требования к военному переводчику
       ­    ,     ,       ­,          , ,  .  ,   ,    –     ,    ­  , ,  ,    , ,      . «          ,           .      ,      ,        ­  .   ,  ­           , ­    » [62, . 120–121].
  . . ,     ,     ­: «        ­          
28
,      ,    ­  ,     .           ­   ,       .       ,  ,    ­.          ,          . …   ,    ­    ,        ,  - , ­    » [139].
      ­   .
   :
–    ,    ­ ,       ­,      ;
–   ;
–    ;    ­ ,     (  ­,  , , ,   , , ­  . .),         ;
–        ­,    ;
–       ­       ,      )     , ­ ;
–       ­ .
    ,       ,             .
   () :
–    ,    ­ ,     ;
29
–    ,  ­     ,    ­  ;
–      ,   ;
–     ;
–      (  )         (­)  .
         ,        ­    [150, . 25–28].  ,          ­,        ­  ,     ­  .
       :          ,     [118]. ­ , -  ,   ,          ,           [171].         , , ,  ,   ­,      .    ,   , ,  ,  ­ ,         .  ,         – , ­  .
  -  ­     ,    ,     ,     [43, . 230].       ­-    .
1. « -   ,          ,        ,  » [43, . 231].
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