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Файл:Business course in english for the linguistic department. Учебное пособие
.pdf
X.Businessdialogues
Finally, they have more than just targets: they can see a
perspective. They can see clearly where they would like the company to be in five or ten year’s time, and they are able to say this to
their employees.
2. Find in the text the equivalents to:
1. концепция лидерства
2. хорошие лидеры могут поставить себя на место своего
сотрудника
3. умеют слушать
4. моральный дух в коллективе
5. способы воодушевить коллектив
6. хорошие организаторы
7. каждый специалист приобретает уверенность
8. понимают важность влияния авторитета
9. они могут увидеть перспективу
10. достичь долговременных целей
Text 16
The Human Factor in the Management
(of a small team)
When you are struggling with a deadline or dealing with delicate decisions, the last thing you want to deal with is “people”.
When the “fight” is really on and the battle is undecided you want
your team to act cooperatively and quickly. You do not want a
disgruntled (недовольный) specialist talking about his hard life,
you do not want a key-engineer being tired all day long because
his baby cried at nights, you don’t want an employee, who avoids
his work. But this is what happens, and as a manager you have to
deal with it. Few “people problems” can be solved quickly, some
are totally beyond your control, but as a manager you have good
influence over many factors which affect your people and so it is
your responsibility to ensure that your influence is a positive one.
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As the leader of the team you have the authority to sanction,
motivate, encourage or restrict (ограничивать) the most aspects of
their working day, and this places you in a position of power …
and responsibility.
Behaviour.
Consider your behaviour. Consider the effect you
would have if every morning after coffee you walked over to Jimmy’s desk and told him what he was doing wrong. Would Jimmy
be pleased at your attention? Would he look forward to those little
chats and prepare simple questions to clarify aspects of the work?
Let’s take another example. Suppose you often give public
praise for independence and initiative displayed by your team,
and suppose that you answer rudely to the questions and interruptions. What will happen then? Your team will leave you alone.
They will not raise problems (you will be left in the dark), they
will not question your instructions, they will struggle on bravely
(and feel unsupported). Your simple behaviour may result in a lot
of errors and misdirected activity. So, if you want to hear about
the problems, tell the team so and react positively when you hear
of the problems in-time rather than too late.
Motivation
is a very important factor to maintain enthusiasm. The positive motivators are: achievement, recognition, the
work itself, responsibility and advancement. (продвижение по
службе). These are what your people need – load of money is
good but not nearly as good as being valued and trusted.
Achievement.
As the manager you set the targets – if you
make them too hard, the team will feel failure, if too easy – the
team feels little. So you should provide a series of targets, which
are easily recognized as stages towards the ultimate (окончатель-
ный) completion of the task.
Recognition.
Recognition is the awareness, that what you do is
seen and noted, and preferably by the whole team as well as by you,
the manager. In opposite terms if people do something well and then
feel it is ignored – they will not bother to do it so well next time.
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The work itself.
The work itself should be interesting and
challenging. Interesting, because this makes your staff actually
engage their attention; challenging, because this maintains the interest and provides a sense of personal achievement when the job
is done. But few managers have only interesting, challenging work
to distribute; there is always the boring and mundane work (обы-
денная) to be done. This is a management problem for you to
solve. You must actually consider how interesting are the tasks
you assign and how to deal with the boring ones.
Firstly, make sure that everyone (including you) has a share of
the interesting job and of the dull. This is helped by the fact that what
is dull to some must be new and very interesting to others – so match
tasks to people, and possibly share the worst tasks around.
Responsibility.
It is most lasting. One reason is that gaining
responsibility is itself seen as an advancement, which gives rise to
a sense of achievement and can also improve the work itself. Assigning responsibility is a difficult judgement since if the person is
not confident and capable enough, you will be held responsible for
the resulting failure.
Advancement.
There are two types of advancement – the
long-term – promotion, salary, rises, job prospects and the shortterm – responsibility, acquisition (приобретение) of new skills,
broader experience. Your team members will be looking for the
former, you have to provide the latter and convince them that
these are necessary (and possibly sufficient) steps for the eventual
advancement they seek. As a manager, you must design the work
assignment so that each member of the team feels: “I am studying,
I am getting on”.
2. Find in the text the equivalents to:
1. из кожи лезете вон, чтобы успеть к сроку
2. принимать деликатные решения
3. недовольный сотрудник
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4. отлынивает от работы
5. у вас есть право
6. ограничивать
7. которые от вас совершенно не зависят
8. куча денег
9. осознание того, что работа, которую вы делаете, видят и
ценят …
10. доля интересной работы и нудной
11. .что скучно для одних, для других очень интересно
12. рассматривается как
повышение
13. не компетентен
14. подобрать работу, которая подходит
Text 17
How to Find a Good Job
Good jobs today are found and won by job-seekers who are
well-organized, resourceful and aggressive.
The most basic truth in job hunting is equally valid in bad
times and good: the best available positions go to the candidates
who market themselves most effectively – not necessarily those
who are best qualified to do the jobs.
Here we’ll consider some strategies which can sharpen your
competitive edge.
More than 80 percent graduates who win jobs, find them
through some form of network – building webs and personal contacts within their chosen fields.
Advice calling enables you to meet influential people and
enlist their help. You can get meetings with more than half the
people you contact if you seek advice, while you likely to be
turned down if you ask for a job.
By making advice call you tap (стучат, хлопать по плечу)
the knowledge and influence of insiders to find out where the job
openings really are.
First, send a brief letter. Write that you are a new graduate
making the important career decisions, that a good advice will be
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valuable to you and what you want is just twenty minutes of his or
her time.
Then follow up on the phone and set a time of your visit. Be
prepared to ask meaningful questions. At each meeting, use your
time to explore personnel needs and career opportunities in the
branch where you are interested in to work. Ask diplomatically, if
the boss knows anyone who might have a need for someone with
your abilities.
Show up at each job interview and advice call with a background of information about the organization. You win the valuable points when you talk knowledgeably about the company – a
subject that’s dear to the manager’s heart.
Many candidates lose out their opportunity because they reveal too much about themselves too quickly. Be perceived (пони-
мать, осознавать, чувствовать), as the ideal candidate by finding
out what qualifications the organization really wants, and then
showing you have those qualities. Stay focused. Stick exclusively
to what the interviewer thinks is important. Don’t volunteer new
information about yourself until you get some sense of whether it
will count for you or against you.
The candidate who answers questions but doesn’t ask any is
seen by an interviewer either as shy, or not terribly interested in
the job.
Show up ready to ask meaningful questions about the free
positions and the structure of the company.
It is one thing simply to claim you have a specific strength or
ability, and another to prove you have it by the appropriate accomplishment. You are far more credible when your answers are
filled with episodes from your own experience.
Be ready to talk about significant achievements in your studies, activities, work experience and personal life.
Confine yourself (придерживаться) to a rigorously
(точный, тщательный) positive view of the world. Employers
want enthusiastic, unbeaten people who think in terms of opportunities, not failures.
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Don’t think about your weaknesses or limitations, in yourself
or anyone else. Resist the impulse to speak critically of people –
teachers, employers, anyone.
After every meeting, write a follow-up letter to the interviewer, and get it right into the mail.
2. Find in the text the equivalents to:
1. организованными, грамотными и желающими работать
2. не обязательно те
3. влиятельные люди
4. обращаться за советом
5. где есть вакансии
6. договоритесь о времени своего прихода
7. сразу дают слишком много информации о себе
8. работает на тебя или против
9. вопросы по существу
10. вы более убедительны
11. придерживайтесь
позитивного взгляда на мир
12. сдерживайте желание критиковать людей
Text 18
Planning One’s Daily Round
Have you ever thought that twenty-four hours isn’t enough
to do all you have to do? All of us have so many duties and obligations! In addition to the daily routine at offices, schools, hospitals,
etc., we have always got some housework to do and shopping, we
have to cook the meals, keep the house clean and (last but not
least) see to the children. It’s really surprising how much work
some people manage to do, and quickly at that! But it often happens that we don’t have enough time to do everything, and put it
off till “some other time”. What do you think is the reason? Why
do some people manage and not others?
A lot depends on how you plan your daily round – that’s the
whole point! If you plan your day carefully, you’ll be able to do
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more, and it’ll take you less time. If you ask someone to see you at a
definite hour, for instance, the other person will also plan his time
accordingly. If you know how long you can keep your visitor, you
will try not to waste his time and have everything ready for the talk
when he comes. Your visitor, in his turn, will not keep you longer
than necessary and will leave as soon as you have discussed your
problem. It doesn’t mean that you will interrupt the talk before you
finish the discussion. No, you’ll go on discussing the matter until
you settle every point. But the time limit you have set yourself will
help you not to waste time and to speak to the point.
Planning the day is especially necessary for people who
want to make time for important things. Many outstanding people
say that a daily timetable has helped them greatly to achieve what
they have. There are some people, however, who will say that a
strict timetable makes life dull and uninteresting. What is your
opinion? What do you think?
2. Find in the text the equivalents to:
1. двадцати четырех часов не хватает, чтобы сделать все,
что надо
2. повседневная работа
3. и, наконец
4. просто удивительно, сколько работы некоторым людям
удается сделать, и к тому же быстро
5. откладываем это «на потом»
6. как вы думаете, в чем причина?
7. Многое зависит от того, как вы планируете
…
8. другой человек спланирует свое время соответственно
9. вы постараетесь не тратить его время попусту и все при-
готовить
10. дольше, чем нужно
11. как только вы обсудите вопрос
12. регламент, который вы себе установите
13. говорить по существу
14. в том-то все и дело!
15. особенно необходимо
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For the First Time Flying Abroad
Text 19
The rules for passengers who are going abroad are similar in
most countries, but sometimes there must be a slight difference in
formalities.
If, for instance, you are supposed to begin with going through
the customs, you’d better fill in the customs declaration before you
talk to the customs officer. An experienced customs officer usually
“smells” a smuggler (контрабандист) but he may ask any passenger routine questions, such as: ”Have you got anything to declare?”
or “Any spirits (спиртное), tobacco, presents?” The usual answers
would be:”Yes, we have got some valuables, but we have put them
all down in the declaration”, or “I have too got two blocks of cigarettes for my own use” or something of this kind.
Then you go to the check-in counter (стойка регистрации),
where your ticket is looked at, your things are weighed and labeled, a claim-check for each piece of luggage is inserted in the
ticket and you are giving a boarding pass, which has a seatnumber on it. Of course, if your luggage weighs more than 20 kgs,
you’ll have to pay extra.
The next formality is filling in the immigration form and
going through passport control. The form has to be filled in in
block letters. You write your name, nationality, permanent address
and the purpose of your trip.
In most countries there is also a security check when you
carry-on luggage is inspected. This is anti-hijacking (противо-
угонная) measure, and anything that must be dangerous or disturbing (может побеспокоить) to other passengers must be
handed to one of the crew and only returned to the owner after the
plane has reached its destination.
After fulfilling all those formalities you go to the departure
lounge (зал ожидания) where you can have a snack, read a paper,
buy something in the duty-free shop and wait for the announcement to board the plane.
Some of these formalities are repeated when you arrive at
your destination. The customs declaration and the immigration
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form are often filled in on board the plane. At the airport you may
be met by a specially trained dog, who will make sure that you are
not carrying drugs, and the immigration officer might want to
know at whose invitation you are coming and whether you have a
return ticket.
There is another inconvenience you have to be prepared for
when traveling long distances by plane. It is the jet-lag (разница
во времени при перелете в разные часовые пояса).
2. Find in the text the equivalents to:
1. возможна небольшая разница в прохождении формаль-
ностей
2. прохождение таможни
3. заполнить таможенную декларацию
4. у вас имеется что-либо для предъявления таможне?
5. я записал их в декларацию
6. для личного пользования
7. что-нибудь в таком роде
8. стойка регистрации
9. талон для получения багажа вкладывается в билет
10. вам выдают посадочный талон
11. вы должны оплатить отдельно
12. бланк надо заполнять печатными буквами
13. гражданство
14. постоянный адрес
15. цель поездки
16. проверка безопасности
17. противоугонные меры
18. должно быть сдано одному из членов экипажа и возвра-
щено владельцу, после того как самолет достигнет места назначения
19. ждать объявления о посадке на самолет
20. когда вы прибудете на место назначения
21. вы не везете наркотики
22. есть еще одно неудобство, к которому вы должны приго-
товиться
23. разница между привычным вам временем и новым
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X. Business dialogues
Dialogue 1
1. Read and translate the dialogue.
Mr. Baker is meeting Smirnov at his office
Smirnov: Good morning. I am Smirnov, Director from Rossexport. Here is my card.
Baker: Good morning, Mr. Smirnov. I am Baker, Managing
Director of the company. Will you take a seat, please?
Smirnov: Thank you
Baker: Did you have a good trip?
Smirnov: Yes, it was pretty comfortable, thank you.
Baker: Glad to hear this. Well, now let me introduce my em-
ployees to you. This is my secretary Kate Moore. This is John
Smith, our Sales Manager, this is Tommy Blair, our Executive
Manager.
Smirnov: Glad to make your acquaintance. Hope to develop
good business. We have studied your latest catalogues and were
pleased with the quality of your machine tools. They are the most
popular in the world market.
Baker: Yes, we know this and are very proud of them. We
started from scratch (мы начали с нуля) and now our company
has become well known and is considered reliable and reputable.
What model did you like best of all?
Smirnov: We got interested in two models – RT2 and PD3.
Baker: Glad to hear that. The first of them is just the thing. It
is in great demand. The customers are happy to have it and very
often order just this one. It is easy to handle! Our engineers have
developed modifications and now it works very well, never stands
idle because of some defects.
Discussing the terms of the contract
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