12. Пособие «Океанские пути мира» (Ocean passages for the world), содержание, использование. Пособия «Ship’s routeing», «Guide to port entry».

Океанские пути мира. Руководство предназначено для облегчения решения задачи по выбору пути морского судна между наиболее важными пунктами мирового океана с учётом сезонных изменений гидрометеорологических условий плавания и эксплуатационных качеств судна.

Приводимые в пособии пути подразделяются на пути для судов с машинами малой (скорости до 10 уз) и средней (10−15 уз) мощности. Предполагается, что суда с машинами высокой мощности (скорость свыше 15 уз) обычно следуют по кратчайшему пути между пунктами отхода и прихода. Эти суда, пользуясь рекомендациями пособия также могут в определённых случаях получить выигрыш во времени и сохранении моторесурсов. Пособие не заменяет лоций и др. руководств, нет в нём и ссылок на них. Структура пособия:

1. ГИДРОМЕТЕОРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР содержит основные сведения о циркуляции атмосферы над мировым океаном и краткую характеристику погоды. Здесь же даётся общая характеристика океанических течений и льдообразования.

2. ПУТИ СУДОВ − основной раздел в пособии. Он разделён на четыре части: Атлантический океан, Средиземное и Чёрное моря, Красное море и Индийский океан, Тихий океан. Первая глава каждой из четырёх частей посвящена описанию общих гидрометеорологических условий описывемого района, последующие − описанию путей от отдельных пунктов или участков побережья до всех остальных пунктов данного региона. Описание путей между пунктами разных регионов могут быть получены путём комбинированной подборки путей из соответствующих частей пособия. В конце описания каждого пути даны расстояния (миль) до пункта прихода по всем вариантам пути.

3. СПРАВОЧНЫЙ − содержит перечень географических объектов и алфавитный указатель путей.

Техника использования пособия: по нужной карте, имеющейся в приложении к пособию, подбирают наиболее подходящий к заданному маршруту район плавания и уточняют пункт прихода. Затем этот пункт находят в алфавитном указателе и напротив него находят номер пути и страницу на которой путь или его варианты описаны. Наиболее выгодный вариант выбирают применительно к времени года, эксплуатационным качествам судна и гидрометобстановкой по долгосрочному прогнозу. Выбранный таким образом путь должен быть в дальнейшем проработан по лоциям, картам и др. навигационным пособиям.

Ships’ Routeing. The purpose of ships’ routeing is to improve the safety of navigation in converging areas and in areas where the density of traffic is inhibited by restricted searoom, the existence of obstructions to navigation, limited depths or unfavourable meteorological conditions. Ships’ routeing may also be used for the purpose of preventing or reducing the risk of pollution or other damage to the marine environment caused by ships colliding or grounding in or near environmentally sensitive areas.

The precise objectives of any routeing system will depend upon the particular hazardous circumstances which is intended to alleviate, but may include some or all of the following:

1. the separation of opposing streams of traffic so as to reduce the incidence of head-on encounters;

2. the reduction of dangers of collision between crossing traffic and shipping in established traffic lanes;

3. the simplification of the patterns of traffic flows in converging areas;

4. the organization of safe traffic flow in the areas of concentrated offshore exploration or exploitation;

5. the organization of traffic flow in or around areas where navigation by all ships or by certain classes of ship is dangerous or undesirable;

6. the reduction of risk of grounding by providing special guidance to vessels in areas where water depths are uncertain or critical;

7. the guidance of traffic clear of fishing grounds or the organizations of traffic through fishing grounds.

Информация о зонах и системах разделения движения изложена по регионам (Pacific , Atlantic, Etc.)

Guide To Port Entry. Port information kindly requested

Port limits: The seaward boundaries of the port within which a vessel is considered to be an “arrived ship” and (subject to Charter-Party Terms) laytime will commence.

Documents: The matter of of documentation is one of the most important items to be included in the Guide, and editors would be like to be sure that ALL requirements are included in order that Masters will be in a position to prepare all necessary documentation before arrival and thus ensure sppedy clearance. (E.g. number of Crew Lists, Passenger Lists, Custom Documents, Manifests, Bills of Lading, Ship’s Papers, Ship’s Certificates, etc.).

Pilotage: Manner in which vessel approaching the port applies for a Pilot. That is, telegraphic address, telephone number, facsimile number or telex number of Pilot Station, amount of advance notice of ETA required, and VHF channel or frequency to be used when contacting Pilot Boat or Pilot Station. If possible, a description of Pilot Boat; particular light or sound signals to be made by vessels requiring a Pilot; the exact area where the Pilot Boat is located or where the Pilot has to be taken on board and also any alternative area in the event of bad weather and when Pilot Boat not on usual station; details of any specific requrements on the part of Pilots with respect to boarding and safety measures; location of anchorage for vessel awaiting a Pilot.

Anchorages: Boundaries, areas and depths of safe anchorages.

Restrictions: Details of any restrictions imposed upon entry, for example at night time, or in accordance with state of tide and draft restriction.

Max. size: Maximum permissible length, breadth and draft for any vessel entering the port or for oil-carriers proceeding to installations outside the main port area, also state of tide governing these dimensions.

Health: Practique procedure and action necessary to obtain Practique. Also action necessary in the event of any suspected disease or fever on board. Also when Practique is automatic, for example vessels entering after calling at another port in the same country.

Radio: Name and call sign of radio station of through which it is best for a vessel to route ETA cables to Agent, Receivers, etc. Availability of telex communication with vessels equipped with telex.

VHF: Fullest possible data concerning VHF Radio communication facilities in operation at the port including advices required from vessels approaching the port, arriving at the port, when maneuvering within the port area, and when sailing. Details of standard communication procedures and number of channels used in calling, further communication and safety, as may be applicable with respect to Pilotage, Tugs, Port Authority, Quarantine or other craft or shore-stations.

Radar: Details of existing Port Radar Service, also if the Master may contact the Radar Service by means of ship’s radio or by VHF, and the frequency or Channel number to be used. Details of Vessel Traffic Management Service (VTS).

Tugs: Number and capacity of tugs available. Minimum number of tugs required for berthing and unberthing. Position where tugs normally join the vessel. Also whether usual for the ship’s lines or tug’s lines to be used, and if optional, the usual charge for use of tug’s lines.

Berthing: Details of available berths, including length of quay, depth alongside, maximum permissible ship-draft at Low Water (Indicating whether Salt or Fresh Water), whether load/discharge is by shore equipment or by ship’s own gear, and other relevant data, together with advice of cargoes handled at respective berths.

Cranes: Fullest possible information concerning type, safe working loads and numbers of shore cranes available at respective berths for cargo handling. Details of heavy-lift cranes ashore or afloat, with lifting capacities. It is also helpful to know at which ports, or berths within a port, that cranes are not available and a vessel is required to use her own gear.

Bulk cargo facilities: Details of berths and cargoes handled, length of quay, depth alongside, maximum permissible draft (indicating Salt or Fresh) at Low Water, berth equipment, maximum height of discharging gear above High Water Level, and maximum Loading/Discharge rates. Cargoes intended to be covered by this heading are Grain, Ores, Coal, Fertilisers, Sulphurs, Copra, etc.

Specialized cargo-handling facilities: Details of berths, specially equipped for handling conainers or Roll-on/Roll-off traffic; berths handling liquid chemicals or LPG carriers. Please note that it is also useful to know if the port does not have any of these facilities.

Bridges: Details of any particular arrival times required in order to pass through particular bridges, and maximum clearances, that is height from bridge to waterline.

Stevedores: Any particular ETA advices required in order to arrange gangs. Details of main commodities and average load or discharge rates. Normal working hours for general and bulk cargoes, also hours that overtime is possible.

Medical: Whether necessary for Agents to receive advance notice of required medical attention and the amount of notice required; also if hospital and dental facilities are available; also any other relevant medical information such as particular inoculations required, vaccination/fever certificates, etc., and if inoculations and vaccinations can be carried out.

Tankers: Diameter of load/discharge lines in order that Masters may know whether or not it is necessary to fit reducing pieces before arrival; slop (residue) discharge facilities, capacities, and maximum receiving rate; S.G., A.P.I. and temperature of local types of oil (loading ports only). Number of tanker berths, depth alongside and maximum permitted drafts at these berths, average load/discharge rates. Prevailing wind on berth. If special moorings required. Are shore gangways available? Are facilities available to combat oil spills, if so, what equipment available? Availability of shore steam. Ship-to-ship transfer facilities.

Density: (SALINITY): Average salinity in the port.

Fresh water: Availability, method of delivery, rate of delivery and approximate cost per ton.

Fuel: Grades (viscosities) available, amount of advance notice required, and method of delivery. If bunkers supplied by vessel/barge, minimum/maximum quantity to be ordered.

Fire precautions: Any specific precautions particularly respecting tankers (that is, other than usual non-smoking precautions, etc.)

Consuls: Names of countries having Consuls in the port.

Repairs: Whether all types of deck and engine repairs are poissble, and if not, then what types of repars are able to be carried out.

Dry docks: Dimensions of largest dry dock and also the number of smaller docks.

Surveyors:

1. Availability of Cargo Inspectors, such as Saybolt, Caleb Brett, Superintendents, etc.

2. Availability of Surveyors, such as Lloyd’s Register, American Bureau, Bureau Veritas, etc., also Salvage Association or U.S. Salvage.

Gangway/Deck watchmen: whether service of watchmen is necessary or to be recommended and if so, the cost of watchmen.

Hatches: Whether opening/closing is normally carried out by crew or stevedores.

Customs allowances: (Tobacco, Wine, Spirits) Quantity permitted for each crewmember to be held out of Bond.

Cargo gear: Whether load/discharge effected by shore gear or by ship’s gear, and details of any special cargo equipment, e.g. heavy lift cranes, etc.

Repatriation: If facilities exist for effecting crew changes and arranging any necessary repatriation.

Airport: Distance from airport and whether airport is served by regular airlines; otherwise number of flights per day or week and destinations.

Time: Local time in relation to GMT and dates/details of any alterations made to clock during the year (Summertime).

Holidays: Dates and details of official and local holidays and advice whether or not cargo work can bre arranged on those days.

Police/Ambulance/Fire: Telephone numbers of these three services, that is, the nearest departments.

Emergency Co-Ordination Centre: Nearest Emergency Co-Ordination Centre and Details of telephone and telex numbers (e.g. U.S. Coast Guard, S.A.R. etc.). This information is necessary because local Port Agents may not be suited to emergency matters and may not be contactable.

Telephones: Whether arrangements exist for placing telephones on board and if so the approximate cost for this connection.

Services: Details of any special services available, e.g. tank cleaning equipment, facilities for discharge of tank-washings, compass adjusting, radio and radar repairs, supply of charts, nautical publications, sounding paper, course recorder paper, availability of safety equipment, possibility of extension of certificates.

Banks: Names, addresses and telex numbers of any banks in the area.

Storing:

1. Can vessel be stored by barge or truck?

2. Regulations concerning barge storing, such as, can vessel store from barges during loading or discharging? If not, what are the regulations concerning storing?

3. Can truck proceed alongside at the berth? If not, what is the approximate distance the truck is to remain from the ship?

4. Can fork lift trucks be used on the jetty to handle stores?

5. Customs Regulations in force regarding storing.

6. Can local Riggers be employed to assist with storing?

Ship Supply Service: Name, address, telephone no., telex no., etc., of ship supply service operators who are able to supply craft or helicopters for transfer of stores, crew and sick personnel. Also range, capacity and rendzevous points of supply craft and helicopters.

Shore Leave: Whether crew members are allowed ashore or not.

Identification cards: Whether shore passes issued or whether Seaman’s Book is sufficient.

Garbage disposal: Please advise if a collection service is available and if drums or skips are provided on board or alongside, telephone number of garbage services, charges and collection time.

Waste oil disposal: Please advise if a collection service is available and capacity of shore tanks, barges and tanker trucks, location of any special berth for this service, telephone, telex or fax number of companies operating this service, charges and any other relevant information.

Currency: Name of currency of the country and approximate exchange rate in relation to the U.S. Dollar. Also if there are any currency restrictions placed on seafarers.

Seaman’s Clubs: Names of Seaman’s Clubs operating at the port, address and telephone number. Facilities available, e.g. shop, international telephone service for seafarers, church services, football matches arranged, dances, mini-bus collection, postage facilities, games available at the Clubs and any other service available. The Seaman’s Club Brochure/leaflet would be of great assistance.

Regulations: Any particular or unusual regulations for the port.

Delays: What delays in berthing, loading, discharging or bunkering can normally be expected.

Developments: Details of expected draft increases, new installations, berths, etc., expected in the forsseeable future together with expected dates of completion.

Shipmaster’s/Ship’s Officers reports: Information is earnestly sought from Shipmasters and other serving officers giving corrections, amendments and additions to existing information, together with their professional advices or comment upon recommended or required procedures for entering or sailing port, including advise of their expirience of the port, either generally or specifically. Useful items of expirience and suggestions of other Shipmasters are of great value, and will be printed under a special heading.

General: All other information that you feel may be of value to Shipmaster that is not already covered by the previous questions.

Authority: Name, address, and other details of local Port Authority.

Agent: The purpose of including this item has been to provide Shipowners, Managers, and Operators with prompt access to the name, address, telephone, telex numbers, and cable addresses, etc., of an expirienced Agent at the port concerned.

Вся информация изложена в алфавитном порядке по странам.