2. Make up the negative from the following words using the negative prefixes: dis-, un-, im-, non-, ill-. Translate them.

Example: legal - illegal

Perfection, portable, uniformity, control, satisfactory, timed, formal, possible, fixed, order, advantage.

3. Translate into English the words in brackets.

1. There are (главные причины) of electrical traumatism on board ships.

2. You cannot admit (грубые нарушения) of Rules while working with electrical equipment.

3. Always use (средства защиты) to prevent (угрозу поражения электрическим током).

4. Check up if there is (неисправность) of construction (электроустановочной арматуры).

5. Don’t start working if there is (неудовлетворительное состояние) (электрической изоляции цепи).

6. (Несвоевременное устранение) of the troubles and damages of the electrical equipment may be the reason of electrical traumatism.

7. Principle protective means make possible to touch (токоведущие части, находящиеся под напряжением).

4. Give adequate Russian equivalents of the italicized words.

Facilitate, facility (usually plural) - общий элемент смысла: наилучшие условия, возможности для осуществления чего-либо. Частотные русские эквиваленты: to facilitate - облегчать, способствовать и т.д.; facilities - возможности, удобства, средства, оборудование, устройства и т.д.

1. The new equipment will facilitate the experiment. 2. After the Student acquires considerable facility in understanding and speaking, he learns to read and write. 3. Novosibirsk is an industrial center offering its inhabitants many urban advantages, educational facilities and cultural opportunities. 4. We are planning the directions and the scope of research and the provision of experimental facilities. 5. To carry out this task we need large engineering

facilities. 6. To complete the project we need adequate facilities for research.

Involve - общий элемент смысла: включение в деятельность, движение или объем. Частотные русские эквиваленты: to involve - включать в себя; влечь за собой,

вызывать; вовлекать; запутывать, осложнять и т.д.; to be involved - быть включенным, вовлеченным, участвующим, сложным и т.д.

1. The first industrial revolution involved the replacement of human and animal muscle power by power of machines. 2. A technical project often starts as a simple practical activity involving only a few scientists or engineers. 3. This institute is involved in a research project on laser techniques. 4. The activities involved in various space programs have created a revolution in

scientific research.

5. Read and translate the following text. The main reasons of electrical traumatism and means of protection against it.

The main reasons of electrical traumatism on board ships are the following:

1. rough infringement of Rules of both shipboard electrical maintenance and electrical safety;

2. live-line maintenance without observing protective measures;

3. imperfection of operation manual of electrical mechanisms (those of deck machinery, engine-room etc.);

4. imperfection of construction of wiring accessory;

5. faultiness and imperfection of portable accessory and portable tools;

6. lack of uniformity in the choice of voltages of start regulating equipment control circuits;

7. unsatisfactory condition of the mains electrical insulation;

8. ill-timed elimination of the troubles and damages of the electrical equipment occurred;

9. formal instructing on safe methods of work.

The use of electrical energy on board ships is not only associated with the danger of electric shock hazard of an operating personnel but also with possible fires.

Under normal conditions a thermal effect of an electric current is rated, i.e. the heating of conductors and current-leading parts of the elec­trical equipment is calculated so that it not exceed fixed rate If the Rules of shipboard electrical maintenance and safety are not observed, if damages occur and the environmental conditions (dampness, dust, chemically active substances) affect the electrical equipment, its normal state is broken. On electrical sets there emerge short-circuits, overloads, large transient resistances, arc and spark discharges, which can also cause fires.

To protect an operating personnel of electrical sets against electric-shock hazard there exist principal and additional protective means.

Principal protective means are those the insulation of which is reliable enough to withstand a working voltage of an electrical set and makes it possible to touch hot-line current-leading parts. On electrical sets with voltage up to 1,000 V the above mentioned means are the fol­lowing: insulating gloves, tools equipped with insulated handles, volt­age indicators, insulating and clip-on instruments.

Additional protective means are not designed to ensure protection against electric shock hazard, but against a pace voltage and detrimental effect of an electric arc and the products of its burning. Such means are the following: insulating galoshes and high overshoes, insulating rubber rugs, insulating stands.

There are also auxiliary protective means designed for individual protection of an operating personnel against light, thermal and mechanical effects. They are protective glasses, gas-masks, special gauntlets etc.