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VII. Select endings for the given statements to develop the idea:

  • Universal history is basic to …

  • Universal history is the presentation of …

  • The first universal history was written by …

  • The first five books of the Bible constitute a …

  • The destiny of all mankind is governed by …

  • An early European project was …

  • Hegel presented the idea that …

  • Basic ideas of universal history are so prevalent that …

  • Many people believe that …

  • The roots of historiography in the nineteenth century are bound up with …

VIII. – Match the historical terms listed up in column a with the definitions provided in column b.

A

B

Christianity

the collection of writings consisting of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Pauline and other Epistles, and the book of Revelation, composed soon after Christ's death and added to the Jewish writings of the Old Testament to make up the Christian Bible;

the Bible

the sole Supreme Being, eternal, spiritual, and transcendent, who is the Creator and ruler of all and is infinite in all attributes; the object of worship in monotheistic religions;

Moses

the sacred writings of the Christian religion, comprising the Old and New Testaments and, in the Roman Catholic Church, the Apocrypha;

New Testament

the Christian religion;

God

the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites out of Egypt to the Promised Land and gave them divinely revealed laws;

Pentateuch

the first five books of the Old Testament regarded as a unit

– Exemplify the use of the lexis listed up in column A and make the sentences of your own.

IX. Look through the text and write out the key historical terms.

X. Give extensive answers:

  1. What history is basic to the Western tradition of historiography?

  2. Whom was the first universal history written by?

  3. How did universal history provide an influence on the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire?

  4. What books constitute a primary example of such a history?

  5. What covenants governed mankind's destiny?

  6. Who was universal history taken up in the medieval world?

  7. What are the modern examples of universal history?

  8. What idea was presented by Hegel?

  9. Why basic ideas of universal history are difficult to separate from basic Western assumptions?

  10. What was the main concept of historiography in the nineteenth century?

XI. Choose the most significant points of the text for you to give the general idea.

XII. Render the text close to its original variant. Unit XXVI

I. Look through the words and expressions and learn them:

  • from a global perspective – з точки зору всесвітнього масштабу;

  • focal points – центральні пункти;

  • to proliferate – зростати/збільшуватися;

  • a unified framework – уніфікована/об’єднана структура;

  • by convention – звичайно;

  • a gradual accretion – поступове зростання;

  • quantum leap – стрибок у розвитку;

  • paradigm shift – переоцінка цінностей;

  • in the wake of – по слідам/слідом за;

  • to foster – сприяти розвиткові;

  • scattered habitations – розрізненні поселення;

  • to coalesce (into) – об’єднуватися/зростатися у єдине ціле;

  • employing movable type – використання рухомого штампу;

  • discrete field – окрема галузь