III. Give synonyms to the underlined words:

• treatises on specific subjects;

• exploring the lives;

• morally corrupt and dissolute;

• groundwork for the observation;

• detailed writings;

• numerous conflicting narratives;

• necessary to verify;

• historical figures;

• various sources;

• subsequent author of history;

• considered the father

IV. Find English equivalents for the following:

• фундамент історіографії;

• ухил в історії;

• династичний цикл;

• неминуща історична цінність;

• спроби розшифровування;

• історична постать;

• суперечливі розповіді;

• грунтовне вивчення;

• вичерпні літописи

V. Study the given below lexical units (provide the Ukrainian variants):

• the groundwork for professional historiography;

• monumental lifelong achievement;

• individual biographies;

• lives and deeds of commoners;

• subsequent author;

• dynastic cycles;

• conflicting narratives;

• various methodologies;

• science of biography;

• science of habit;

• detailed and comprehensive chronicle;

• social and religious history;

• the father of Ideology

VI. Look through the text and write out the key historical terms.

VII. Explain the expressions and sentences in other words:

• detailed studies on Indian history;

• united by the closest ties;

• companions from various sources;

• individual biographies for prominent people;

• detailed and comprehensive chronicle;

• observation of the role of state;

• morally righteous founder

VIII. - Find the following adjectives and nouns from the text (column a and column b):

A	B
суперечливий	автор
династичний	літопис
ґрунтовний	постать
певний	цикл
вичерпний	розповідь
наступний	вивчення
історичний	біографія

- Match the lexis in columns A and B.

- Use the expressions in the statements from the text (in your own sentences).

IX. Fill in the gaps:

• Records of the Grand Historian, a ____________ _______________achievement in literature.

• Over time, the dynasty becomes _________________and __________________.

• Each new dynasty is founded by a ______________________founder.

• The Arab Muslim historian and historiographer Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) is regarded as the _____________of _______________and the ___________________of history.

• Due to numerous _________________regarding Muhammad and his ________________from various________________, it was necessary to ________________which sources were more________________.

• Until the 10th century, ______________most often meant ________________and __________________history.

• In order to_________________ these sources, various ________________were developed, such as the "________________", "______________" and "_______________" (chain of transmission).

• Egyptology began in _______________from the 9th century, with the first known ________________Egyptian ________________made by Dhul-Nun al-Misri and Ibn Wahshiyya.