VII. Choose the facts from the text to characterize:

• Folkloristics, its directions and focuses.

• Folklore is the body of expressive culture.

• The etymology of the word 'folklore', it roots.

• Folklore contains religious and mythic elements.

• Folklore equally concerns itself with both mundane and sacred contents of everyday life.

• Folklore has many cultural aspects.

VIII. Answer the fact-finding questions trying not to give a short answer, add some information to develop the idea:

1. What constitutes folklore?

2. How did the concept of folklore develop?

3. Who began to attempt to record folklore without political goals?

4. How is the field defined by current scholars?

5. What areas of study can folklore be divided?

6. Folklore frequently ties the practical and the esoteric into one narrative package, doesn't it?

7. What is general term for different varieties of traditional narratives?

8. Upon what depends moral, psychological and entertainment value of folktales?

9. Why do folklorists try to analyze oral versions of tellings?

10. What forms and elements of folklore do you know?

IX. Choose the most significant points of the text for you to give the general idea.

X. Put the following words in their correct place in the passage below.

mythology	metamorphosis	myth	a female spirit
ghost-like fairies	nationalism	guardianship	prehistoric
dangerous	folkloristic	etymology	neopaganism

A Berehynia or Bereginia (Russian and Ukrainian: Берегиня) is (a)_________ (Vila) in Slavic mythology, which notably came to be regarded as a "Slavic goddess" with a function of "hearth mother, protectoress of the home" in late 20th century Ukrainian romantic (b)__________ centered on matriarchal (c)_________.

The word originates in the pre-Christian Slavic (d) __________ but in the modern usage it has two meanings. The confusion in the name's (e) _________owes to the fact that a Slavic word bereg (берег) may mean either a river bank or to protect.

Originally, obscure shadowy (f) __________similar to Rusalkas, Berehynias lived along the rivers, lakes and ponds and were considered ill-tempered and (g) ___________. A water-bank where they thought to be found was to be avoided by young men and women, especially in the dark.

Early 20th century (h) __________ scholarship speculated that the Bereginyas continued a (i) __________ Scythian earth-goddess.

Since Ukrainian independence in 1991, she has undergone yet another (j) ____________, and today is identified as the "hearth-mother" associated with the (k) ____________ of the nation itself. This metamorphosis has its roots in the late 1980s, as several Ukrainian writers sought to personify their vision of an ideal Ukrainian woman. Consequently, Berehynia today also has a place in Ukrainian nationalism, feminism, and (l) ___________.