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I. Give the English equivalents to:

Людские ресурсы, общая рабочая сила, предложение труда, пенсионный возраст, обязательный выход на пенсию, дополнительный доход, работа по совместительству, квалифицированный труд, неквалифицированный труд, полуквалифицированный труд, социальные услуги, повышать уровень жизни, стимул, повышать эффективность труда, высокопродуктивный.

II. Match the terms with their definitions:

1. Labour

A. an individual’s working career at a certain age with the expectation that he or she will no longer undertake paid employment.

2. Job enlargement

B. having a second job “on the side” during the normal working hours of his or her main employment.

3. Retirement

C. the monetary and non-monetary elements which together make up a person’s lifestyle.

4. Moon-lighting

D. any form of pay system which rewards an employee or group of workers in such a way as to induce increased effort of production.

5. Standard of living

E. the systematic shifting of employees from one job to another

6. Incentive

F. any competence possessed by someone. In an employment context it often refers to a combination of knowledge and manual dexterity amongst manual workers.

7. Skill

G. one of the three factors of production. The contribution to productive activity made by the workforce both by hand and mentally.

H. giving a worker more things to do within the same job.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. What is labour?

2. What does the supply of labour depend on?

3. What are the main population groups “who do not work”?

4. How does education influence the number of young people available for work?

5. In what way does the age of retirement affect the supply of labour?

6. What are the results of reducing of the working week?

7. What is “moonlighting”? How does it affect the supply of labour?

8. What is more important than the actual supply of labour?

9. What is skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled labour?

10. How do you understand the idea of “specificity”? Give some examples.

11. Enumerate the major factors affecting the efficiency of labour. Speak on each of them.

12. Think of possible disadvantages of job rotation, enlargement and enrichment.

IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:

1. Labour is the supply of physical human resources which is available to engage in the production process.

2. The number of young people available for work depends on the education available.

3. Pupils and students are usually withheld from the labour force if education is a matter of parental instruction.

4. Moonlighting decreases the supply of labour available to entrepreneurs.

5. The quality of labour is as important as the actual supply of labour.

6. Where there are more great incentives, labour will be more efficient.

7. If labour is supported with well-chosen tools and adequate power supplies, it will be highly productive.

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