- •Государственный университет высшая школа экономики
- •English for Economics
- •Пермь 2006
- •Isbn 5-88187-286-X
- •Предисловие
- •Contents Part I. Texts on Economics 6
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •II. Find words with similar meanings in the text:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Render the text in English:
- •VI. Give a summary of the text. Macroeconomics and microeconomics
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Fill in the blanks using the correct term: microeconomics, macroeconomics, microeconomists or macroeconomists:
- •III. Consider which of the following matters might be classified as macroeconomic and which as microeconomic:
- •IV. Match a line in a with a line in b:
- •V. Give a summary of the text.
- •VI. Render the text in English:
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •II. Find words and expressions that mean:
- •IV. Divide the text into 4 parts and formulate the main idea of each of them.
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Give a summary of the text. Economic systems: two important distinctions
- •VI. Render the text in English:
- •VII. Give a summary of the text. Labour
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Render the text in English:
- •Unemployment
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Render the text in English:
- •Supply and demand
- •Factors Affecting the Demand of Households.
- •Factors Affecting Supply.
- •X. Render the text in English:
- •Wants and utilities
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •III. Translate the words and word combinations:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Render in the text English:
- •VI. Give a summary of the text. Market
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •IV. Render the following sentences in English:
- •V. Give a summary of the text. Markets and monopolies
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Do the following tasks:
- •V. Render the text in English:
- •I. Give the English equivalents to:
- •III. Fill the gaps with the following words: coins, money, barter, legal tender, notes, value:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •VI. Render the text in English:
- •VII. Give a summary of the text. Pricing
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Give synonyms to the words and expressions from the text:
- •IV. Render the text in English:
- •V. Give a summary of the text. The problem of inflation
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Explain the following terms:
- •IV. Render the text in English:
- •V. Give a summary of the text. Banking
- •Central banking: an overview
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •III. Render the text in English:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with proper words or word combinations:
- •V. Give a summary of the text. Loans in the united kingdom
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Fill in each blank with one word from the box to illustrate typical collocations:
- •Interest security society business loan
- •IV. Render the text in English:
- •V. Give a summary of the text. Market research
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the following words: characteristics, acceptance, market segment, analysis, carry out, techniques, products, surveys, observation, research, panels, questionnaires, desk:
- •IV. Render the text in English:
- •VI. Give a summary of the text. Marketing
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Paraphrase the following statements:
- •III. Render the text in English:
- •IV. Give a summary of the text. Consumer choice
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Fill in the gaps:
- •IV. Render the text in English:
- •I. Match the terms with their definitions:
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Test 2 (Labour, Unemployment)
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Test 3 (Wants and Utilities, Supply and Demand)
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words in italics:
- •IV. Are the statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following terms into English:
- •Test 4 (Market, Markets and Monopolies)
- •II. Match the two parts of the sentences:
- •III. Fill in the blanks with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Test 5 (Money, Pricing, The Problem of Inflation)
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following terms into English:
- •Test 6 (Banking, Central Banking, Loans in the uk)
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following terms into English:
- •Test 7 (Market Research, Marketing, Consumer Choice)
- •II. Put the words in the correct order:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the words or word combinations in italics:
- •IV. Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones:
- •V. Translate the following terms into English:
- •Part III. Resource Tests alternative market structures
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. For each question 1-4, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •Free-market medicine in russia
- •Is the Patient Recovering?
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. Look at statements 1-3. In each statement, which phrase or sentence is correct?
- •III. For each question 1-4, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •IV. Match each of these statements with one of the paragraphs numbered 1-8.
- •V. Are sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •VI. Complete the following table:
- •VII. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Write the corrections in the spaces provided.
- •Should health care provision be left to the market?
- •II. Say whether the following sentences are “Right” or “Wrong”. If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •III. For each question 1-5, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •Can the market provide adequate protection for the environment?
- •II. For each question 1-4, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •III. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Write the corrections in the spaces provided.
- •Strategic trade theory
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. For each statement 1-3, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •III. Are sentences below “right” or “wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •Concentration ratios
- •I. Are the sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •II. For each question, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •Competitive advantage and the small firm sector
- •I. Match each of these headlines with one of the texts above.
- •II. Look at statements 1-3. In each statement, which phrase or sentence is correct?
- •III. Are sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •Growth through diversification
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Correct them.
- •The firm as a legal entity
- •I. Match each of these headlines with one of the texts above.
- •II. Which text reports on these items?
- •IV. Choose the best answer to complete each gap in the text.
- •Should central bank be independent of government?
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. Are sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •III. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Write the corrections in the spaces provided.
- •Are the days of cash numbered?
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the texts have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. Look at statements 1-4. In each statement, which phrase or sentence is correct?
- •III. Choose the best answer to complete each gap in the text.
- •IV. Are sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”’.
- •Regulation us-style
- •I. For each question 1-5, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •II. Are sentence below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •III. Find the mistakes in the sentences below and write the corrections in the spaces provided:
- •The political business cycle
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. For each question 1-4, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •III. There is one mistake in each of the following sentences (either an underlined word or a phrase); you are to find it.
- •Managers and owners:
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. Complete the following table:
- •III. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Write the corrections in the spaces provided.
- •Inequality and poverty
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the text have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. Are sentences below “Right” or “Wrong”? If there is not enough information to answer, choose “Doesn’t say”.
- •III. The mistakes in the sentences below have been underlined. Write the corrections in the spaces provided.
- •Technology and employment
- •II. Choose the best answer to complete each gap in the text.
- •Do people volunteer to be unemployed
- •Involuntary unemployment
- •I. Read the text. Some parts of the texts have been taken out. These extracts are listed below. Complete each gap with the appropriate extract. One sentence does not belong in any of the gaps.
- •II. For each question 1-4, mark one for the answer you choose.
- •III. Choose the best answer to complete each gap in the text.
- •Part IV. Fundamentals of Translation Вводное занятие
- •Порядок слов простого повествовательного предложения. Члены предложения
- •Занятие 1 Случаи отступления от прямого порядка слов в английском предложении
- •Практическое задание 1
- •Занятие 2
- •Практическое задание 2
- •Занятие 3 Модальные глаголы
- •Have to
- •Практическое задание 3
- •Занятие 4 Слова-заместители существительных; слова-заместители глаголов
- •Практическое задание 4
- •Занятие 5 Неличные формы глагола: Причастие I, его функции в предложении
- •Практическое задание 5
- •Занятие 6 Причастие II. Его функции в предложении
- •Практическое задание 6
- •Занятие 7 Причастные обороты: зависимые и независимые
- •Практическое задание 7
- •Занятие 8 Герундий
- •Практическое задание 8
- •Занятие 9 Герундиальные обороты (зависимые и независимые)
- •Практическое задание 9
- •Практическое задание 10
- •Занятие 11 Неличные формы глагола. Инфинитивные обороты – зависимые и независимые
- •Практическое задание 11
- •Занятие 12 Перевод официально-деловых материалов. Перевод латинских фраз.
- •Практическое задание 12
- •Bibliography
- •Для заметок
- •Учебное издание English for Economics
- •6 14990, Гсп-131, Пермь, ул. Дружбы, 34
Практическое задание 8
Exercise 1: Translate these sentences into Russian, paying attention to the functions of Gerund.
1. Discounting is the process of buying a security for less than its face value.
2. We discussed opening a new business.
3. He risks losing all his money.
4. His taking part in the development of the new system was a great help to us.
5. We knew nothing about his being sent to London.
6. We knew nothing about his having been sent to London.
7. The control of the money supply is probably one of the most important instruments for regulating total demand in an economy.
8. By increasing the minimum deposit and reducing the period allowed for repayment, the government has a quick-acting method of reducing the demand for consumer durables.
9. The increase in government spending and borrowing will have some effect on the rate of interest.
10. We have succeeded in entering a new competitive market.
Занятие 9 Герундиальные обороты (зависимые и независимые)
Герундий с относящимися к нему словами образует герундиальные обороты, которые обычно начинаются с предлога, притяжательного местоимения или существительного в притяжательном (иногда общем) падеже. Герундиальные обороты можно разделить на две группы: зависимые и независимые.
Зависимые герундиальные обороты – это такие обороты, в которых перед герундием (после предлога) нет слова, обозначающего действующее лицо или предмет. При переводе таких оборотов придаточными предложениями обычно повторяется подлежащее английского предложения, а герундий становится сказуемым. При этом предлог, вводящий герундиальный оборот, становится союзным словом, соединяющим главное предложение с придаточным. Поэтому в русском переводе главное и придаточное предложение соединяются словами то, что в том падеже, который определяется предлогом.
This method differs from that one by having other parameters. |
Этот метод отличается от того тем, что он имеет другие параметры. |
Перевод некоторых предлогов, вводящих герундиальные обороты, союзными словами:
By – тем, что
Of – о том, что
To – тому, что
In – в том, что
In addition to – кроме того, что
In spite of – несмотря на то, что
Besides – кроме того, что
Owing to – благодаря тому, что
Due to – вследствие того, что
Независимые герундиальные обороты – это такие обороты, в которых между предлогом и герундием имеется слово, выражающее лицо (или предмет), совершающее действие, передаваемое герундием. Такое слово может быть притяжательным местоимением или существительным в общем или притяжательном падеже. При переводе оборота придаточным предложением это местоимение или существительное становится подлежащим, а герундий – сказуемым придаточного предложения. Перевод герундиального оборота придаточным предложением начинается с перевода предлога, стоящего перед герундием, например:
There is unmistakable proof of Gates’ having been right. |
Имеются несомненные доказательства того, что Гейтс был прав. |
Если герундиальный оборот играет роль подлежащего (перед герундием нет предлога), то перевод его придаточным предложением следует начинать со слов то, что, например:
His having made this experiment is a known fact. |
То, что он уже провел этот эксперимент, является известным фактом. |
При переводе независимых герундиальных оборотов, в которых перед герундием стоит притяжательное местоимение, это местоимение становится личным местоимением в именительном падеже, то есть подлежащим, например:
We know of their having been satisfied with CEO’s explanations of the discrepancies. |
Мы знаем, что они были удовлетворены объяснениями расхождений, предложенными исполнительным директором. |
Глаголы, после которых обычно используется герундий:
To start, to begin – начинать
To continue, to go on – продолжать
To stop, to give up – прекращать
To aid in – способствовать, помогать
To aim at – иметь целью, стремиться к
To account for – объяснять
To avoid – избегать
To insist on (upon ) – настаивать на
To object to – возражать против
To be responsible for – быть ответственным за, вызывать
To prevent from – мешать, препятствовать
To succeed in – удаваться (что-то сделать)