- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 What is it all about?
- •I. Answer the comprehension questions:
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations.
- •Russian Experience
- •In Search of Intellect and Wealth
- •1. Economic environment.
- •2. Economics.
- •3. Economy. Unit 2 Economics and Economy
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV.Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Gauging the True Size of Russia’s Economy
- •Russia No longer Among World Market’s Top Players
- •Unit 3 The Oil Price Shocks
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •World Experience
- •Cheap Oil! Good news for the world’s consumers, but bad news for struggling producers
- •More Money in Most Pockets
- •Income Distribution
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Shop assistance We’ve all heard of the New Rich in Russia, but what do they spend their money on? John Helmer digs into the latest consumer research and comes up with some unexpected answers.
- •Unit 5 The Role of the Market
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III. Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •By Roy Medvedev
- •Unit 6 Demand, Supply, and the Market
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Citicorp Invests in Russia
- •Unit 7 What Do Governments Do?
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Russia Has Dropped Out of the Community of Developed Countries
- •Incomes and expenditures.
- •1. Transfer payments
- •2. Social security and unemployment benefits
- •3. Income tax
- •Unit 8 What Should Governments Do?
- •Most of the goods supplied by businesses and demanded by consumers are private goods
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice
- •Russian Experience
- •State Duma Rejects Welfare Package Again
- •Unit 9 Business Organization
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Common Profile of a Russian Enterprise
- •Unit 10 Market Structure and Imperfect Competition
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Situations and communication practice
- •Russian Experience
- •Russian Tobacco Manufacturers Lie Low
- •Unit 11 Factor Markets: Labour
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Recruitment in Russia: Still Climbing
- •Insufficient social integration.
- •Working Without Pay
- •Unit 12 Human capital
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •World Experience
- •Finding Opportunity in the Global Economy. By Bill Gates.
- •1. Human capital
- •2. Signalling and screening.
- •3. Pay differentials. Unit 13 Coping with Risk in Economic Life
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Reuters Eyes on Russia’s Risks
- •Unit 14 Taxes and Public Spending
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Taxes Higher in Russia Than Elsewhere
- •A Country Where People Pay Taxes
- •Unit 15 Money and Modern Banking
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Savings of “Very Rich” Families (Data of a quality interview)
- •The Battle of the Banks
- •The History of Russian Money (The ruble celebrates its 1000th birthday)
- •Unit 16
- •International Trade and Commercial Policy
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Higher Excise on Imports
- •Contents
I. Comprehension questions
1. How do people use oil?
2. What is OPEC?
3. Are oil-producing nations rich? Why?
4. Why was the price for oil raised in 1973?
5. How did OPEC revenues from oil sales increase?
6. How do people respond to prices?
7. How do most Western societies determine what, how, and for whom to produce?
8. How does the oil price increase affect what is being produced?
9. What does the OPEC oil price shocks example illustrate?
10. What is a scarce resource?
II.Vocabulary
1. to provide — обеспечить;
2. to range from...to... — колебаться от...до..., быть в пределах;
3. to increase, an increase; to increase sixfold — увеличть(ся), увеличение, увеличится в шесть раз;
4. to raise( bid up) the price, the rise — поднять цену, пoвышение;
5. to anticipate — ожидать;
6. to reduce, reduction — сократить, сокращение;
7. to respond to smth, a response — реагировать на что-либо, реакция;
8. to consider — считать, рассматривать;
9. to affect smth — влиять на что-либо;
10. demand (for smth) — спрос (на что-либо);
11. buying power — покупательная способность;
12. to illustrate — проиллюстрировать;
13. supply, to supply — предложение; запас, запасать, поставлять;
14. example — пример;
15. price — цена;
16. revenue — доход;
17. sale — продажа;
18. in contrast — в отличие от, в противоположность чему-либо, по сравнению с чем-либо;
19. in exchange for — в обмен на… .
III.Translate from Russian into English
1. В последние годы покупательная способность людей в России постоянно падает.
2. Когда цена на какой-нибудь товар увеличивается, спрос на него падает.
3. Данный пример показывает, что цены влияют на спрос.
4. Рассмотрим сначала как люди отреагировали на рост цен на нефть.
5. Увеличение цен на нефть в 6 раз дало рост доходов от продажи нефти до 300 млрд. долларов.
6. Запасы нефти ограничены.
7. Нефть применяется для производства самых разных товаров, начиная с посуды и кончая одеждой из синтетики.
8. В январе ожидается значительный рост цен на товары первой необходимости.
IV. Communicative practice. Situations
1. It’s a New Year Eve. People are queuing up in the shop to buy some food and some presents. What might they be talking about?
2. You are members of Parliament of an oil-producing country. You try to pursuade the government to change their economic policy. What could you suggest? Role play a discussion in Parliament.
3. You belong to Green Peace. Energy crisis is one of your urgent concerns. Give an interview to a newspaper correspondent on this issue.
World Experience
1. Think and say:
a) What oil-producing and petroleum-gulping countries do you know? Do all countries have oil independence?
b) Is oil abundant and cheap everywhere in the world?
c) What do substantial price increases usually lead to?
d) Who responds to prices most energetically?
2. Read the texts and get ready to retell them as if you were:
an ordinary American consumer;
a member of the U.S. Department of Energy;
a U.S.farmer.