- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 What is it all about?
- •I. Answer the comprehension questions:
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations.
- •Russian Experience
- •In Search of Intellect and Wealth
- •1. Economic environment.
- •2. Economics.
- •3. Economy. Unit 2 Economics and Economy
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV.Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Gauging the True Size of Russia’s Economy
- •Russia No longer Among World Market’s Top Players
- •Unit 3 The Oil Price Shocks
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •World Experience
- •Cheap Oil! Good news for the world’s consumers, but bad news for struggling producers
- •More Money in Most Pockets
- •Income Distribution
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Shop assistance We’ve all heard of the New Rich in Russia, but what do they spend their money on? John Helmer digs into the latest consumer research and comes up with some unexpected answers.
- •Unit 5 The Role of the Market
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III. Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •By Roy Medvedev
- •Unit 6 Demand, Supply, and the Market
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Citicorp Invests in Russia
- •Unit 7 What Do Governments Do?
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Russia Has Dropped Out of the Community of Developed Countries
- •Incomes and expenditures.
- •1. Transfer payments
- •2. Social security and unemployment benefits
- •3. Income tax
- •Unit 8 What Should Governments Do?
- •Most of the goods supplied by businesses and demanded by consumers are private goods
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice
- •Russian Experience
- •State Duma Rejects Welfare Package Again
- •Unit 9 Business Organization
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Common Profile of a Russian Enterprise
- •Unit 10 Market Structure and Imperfect Competition
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Situations and communication practice
- •Russian Experience
- •Russian Tobacco Manufacturers Lie Low
- •Unit 11 Factor Markets: Labour
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English:
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Recruitment in Russia: Still Climbing
- •Insufficient social integration.
- •Working Without Pay
- •Unit 12 Human capital
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •World Experience
- •Finding Opportunity in the Global Economy. By Bill Gates.
- •1. Human capital
- •2. Signalling and screening.
- •3. Pay differentials. Unit 13 Coping with Risk in Economic Life
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Reuters Eyes on Russia’s Risks
- •Unit 14 Taxes and Public Spending
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II. Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Taxes Higher in Russia Than Elsewhere
- •A Country Where People Pay Taxes
- •Unit 15 Money and Modern Banking
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Savings of “Very Rich” Families (Data of a quality interview)
- •The Battle of the Banks
- •The History of Russian Money (The ruble celebrates its 1000th birthday)
- •Unit 16
- •International Trade and Commercial Policy
- •I. Comprehension questions
- •II.Vocabulary
- •III.Translate from Russian into English
- •IV. Communicative practice. Situations
- •Russian Experience
- •Higher Excise on Imports
- •Contents
I. Comprehension questions
1. What is a market?
2. How do markets and prices enable society to solve the problems of what, how, and for whom to produce?
3. What is a command economy?
4. What are free markets?
5. What are the advantages of a mixed economy?
II. Vocabulary
1. buyer — покупатель;
2. seller — продавец;
3. stock market, free market — фондовая биржа; рынок, свободный от ограничений, свободная торговля;
4. to go into details, detailed instructions — вдаваться в подробности, подробные указания;
5. to adjust, adjustment — регулировать, регулирование;
6. to ensure — гарантировать;
7. to be devoted to, to devote — посвящаться, посвящать;
8. to have to do with smth — иметь отношение к чему-либо;
9. in one’s favour — в чью-либо пользу;
10. at a profit — с прибылью;
11. wage, to offer a wage — зарплата, предложить зарплату;
12. unskilled job — работа, не требующая специального образавания;
13. to guide one’s decision — руководить решением;
14. to sell smth at a price — продавать что-либо по цене;
15. to cover the cost — покрыть расходы;
16. to make decisions, to undertake decisions — принять решения, взять на себя решения;
17. to intervene in smth — вмешиваться во что-либо;
18. to restrict, restriction — ограничивать, ограничение;
19. to interact — взаимодействовать;
20. taxation — налогообложение;
21. transfer payments — трансфертные платежи;
22. to control — управлять;
23. to regulate — регулировать;
24. to some extent — до некоторой степени;
25. mixed economy — смешанная экономика;
26. to be worth doing smth — стоить сделать что-либо.
III. Translate from Russian into English
1. Потребители расходуют свои деньги только на те товары, которые они хотят и в состоянии покупать.
2. С точки зрения предприятий они отнюдь не “свободны” производить то, что они желают.
3. Только те фирмы, которые производят товары, пользующиеся спросом, могут работать с прибылью.
4. Производители реагируют на спрос, чтобы обеспечить свои собственные интересы.
5. Конкуренция управляет экономикой.
6. Основное преимущество рыночной системы состоит в том, что она способствует эффективному распределению ресурсов.
IV. Communicative practice. Situations
1. Suppose society decides to abolish higher education. Students have to find jobs immediately. Pretend there are no jobs available. How should wages and prices adjust so that those who want jobs could find them? Discuss the problem with your opponents.
2. There is no such thing as a free lunch. To get more of one thing you have to give up something else. What are your priorities? What will your choice be determined by? Make up a dialogue.
3. The level of income is higher in the UK than in Russia. Consequently, people in the UK are happier than people in Russia. Is this statement correct? Prove your viewpoint.
4. You are going to start up your own business. Will you produce anything? Will you be a seller? Why? What, how, and for whom will you do it? Discuss your project with your potential partners.
5. Imagine you are “back to the USSR”. You work at the State Planning Office. It’s the end of the year. You are busy discussing some problems with the Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. Have a talk.