III. Define the similarities and differences of the parts of sentences in bold and give their Russian equivalents.

1. Some new devices having been obtained, the researchers could make more complex experiments. 2. It being late, we decided to stop working. 3. The average height of the Ural mountains is 800 meters, the highest point being 1,500 meters above sea level. 4. The installation was automized last year, its capacity rising by 25 per cent. 5. The students wrote their English test-paper, each doing his variant. 6. An electron leaving the surface, the metal becomes positively charged. 7. There are two diagrams in this figure, one of them showing the relation between volume and temperature. 8. With research involving more and more people, the profession of a scientist has become one of the most popular nowadays. 9. Mathematization of science is witnessed in almost all its branches, with specialists in humanities hurriedly joining the process.

IV. Define the place of the absolute participial constructions and their features. Give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences.

1. The temperature of a conductor being raised, the motion of the electrons in the conductor increases. 2. The resistance being very large, the current in the circuit was small. 3. Transistors are very sensitive to light, some of them reacting even to star-light. 4. The first man-made satellite having been set up, it became possible to investigate various types of radiation. 5. A new radio-set having been shown to them, they began to examine its details. 6. We defined the volume, all the measurements having been done with respect to the instruction. 7. Many substances are semi-conductors, germanium and silicon being the most important of them. 8. Part of energy being changed into heat, not all the chemical energy of the battery is transformed into electrical energy. 9. Some scientists do not distinguish between pure and applied mathematics, the distinction being, in fact, of recent origin. 10. They took all the measurements during the actual operation of the machine, this being the usual practice in those days.

V. Find the participial constructions and give the Russian equivalents of the following sentences:

1. With everyone being a layman in most fields but his own, it is very important to exchange information on major developments. 2. The universe is now essentially composed of about 90 percent hydrogen and 9 percent helium, with the remaining 1 percent accounting for the more complex atoms. 3. The project abandoned, the leadership in this field passed to another institute. 4. Originally a mathematician, he became engaged first in theoretical physics and then in space research, all these field being closely interconnected. 5. The problems of nanotechnologies attacked at the laboratory are of utmost interest. 6. He will achieve success working hard. 7. The results obtained by the researchers provided the same solution to the problem. 8. Having developed a new type of robot he felt very excited. 9. Having made a mistake the designer couldn’t continue his work. 10. A computer infected with financial malware will wait until you visit a banking site. 11. Webpages can be created using a very basic word processor program known as a text editor, but special programs are available that allow the user to create webpages without known about HTML.