XV. Give the Russian equivalents of the sentences below.

1. The addition of heat does not increase the weight of metal, however, the combination with air does increase its weight. 2. Semiconductors do possess many wonderful properties.3. Do not change the temperature.4. Semiconductors let electric current pass through them more easily than insulators do. 5. Energy is defined as ability to do work.6. Perfect science does exist.7. I don’t understand the action of this device. 8. The engineer should do this construction properly. 9. We do realize what great importance this discovery has for the future work.10. The last experiments gave us much better results than did the previous one.

XVI. Explain the way of word formation of the verbs below. Give their Russian equivalents. (see Appendix, p. …):

Change, communicate, control, devise, direct, face, limit, repair, miscarry, differentiate, unfix, humanize, interest, interact, dislocate, mistaken, place, popularize, radioactivate, worsen.

XVII. Match each English word with the correct Russian equivalent.

acronym apply constant design direction enhance instantaneous obvious operate satisfaction

очевидный неизменный увеличивать, усиливать аббревиатура мгновенный удовлетворение применять проектирование работать направление

XVIII. In the text of task XX find a word derived from the verb to operate. Give other derivatives of this verb.

XIX. Arrange in pairs the words with а) similar meaning, b) contrary meaning.

a) Boring, change, course, conditions, alter, interact, direction, increase, tedious, constant, encourage, design, stable, enhance, inspire, cooperate, circumstances, devise.

b) Obvious, worsen, limited, enhance, boundless, dangerous, unclear, satisfaction, forget, reduce, modern, improve, remember, ancient, expensive, safe, disappointment, cheap.

XX. Read the text and choose the most suitable title.

1. Will Robots Replace Humans in the Future?

2. Historical Background of Robots

3. Robots – the Ideal Workers

1. We hear many complaints about work in factories; the work is often boring, heavy and repetitive; the operative doesn’t have to think about the work; he gets no job satisfaction.

2. The answer is a robot. For many jobs a robot is much better than human operative. Once it has been programmed, it will do its job over and over again. It never gets bored; it works at a constant speed; it doesn’t make mistakes; its work is always of the same standard; it doesn’t get tired; it can work 24 hours a day without breaks for food, rest or sleep.

3. Robots have other advantages, too. They are designed to do almost any job. You can’t change the human body, but a robot’s arms, for example, can be made to move in any direction. Robots also do very heavy work and they can operate in conditions that are too dangerous, too hot or too cold for people to work in. They work under water, in poisonous gas and in radioactive areas.

4. It is obvious that robots have many advantages over human beings. However, it is also true that humans can do many things that robots can’t. For example, humans can carry out a task without having to be told exactly how to do it first – in other words, they don’t always have to be programmed.

5. Humans can move, but robots are usually fixed in one place. If they are able to move, robots do it only in a very limited way. Unlike robots, people can know whether what they are doing is good or bad, and whether it is boring or interesting. Also robots are only just beginning to be able to understand speech and writing, but humans communicate easily with each other by these methods, and by many others – telephone, drawing, radio, and so on – as well.

6. And we should not forget that robots owe their existence to humans – we make them, repair them and control them, not the other way round.