От автора
Это перевод на русский язык Руководства Пользователя программы NL5. Хочу обратить внимание читателей на следующее:
1.Огромная благодарность Владимиру Гололобову, чей первый перевод руководства является по существу основой настоящего перевода. Кое-что я добавил, кое-что подредактировал, но многие части просто нагло скопировал.
2.Так как сама программа по-прежнему на английском языке, все названия директив меню, кнопок, окон, стандартных функций Windows, а также специальных терминов, используемых в программе, на русский не переводятся, или используются как в английском, так и в русском вариантах. Например: Copy, Paste, trace (кривая), storage, transient (транзиент, переходный процесс).
3.Может оказаться, что одно и то же называется по-разному в разных частях текста. Что ж, бывает: трудно за всем уследить.
4.Приношу извинения за корявость некоторых фраз и выражений. Точный дословный перевод с одного языка на другой не всегда возможен, а аккуратный «литературный» перевод занимает очень много времени. К тому же оказалось, что я не знаю принятых русскоязычных аналогов многих компьютерных/технических слов и выражений. Главной целью перевода было правильно передать смысл, и, надеюсь, это получилось.
5.Об ашипках и очепятках пишите сюда: nl5.sidelinesoft.com
6.Русское руководство скорее всего будет обновляться на так часто, как английское: нет времени (и заинтересованности).
Спасибо, Алексей Смирнов.
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Руководство
Пользователя
Версия 2.01
14/01/2014
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nl5.sidelinesoft.com |
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1
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
ВЕРСИЯ
Эта версия Руководства Пользователя соответствует версии 2.01 (14/01/2014) программы
NL5.
LIMITED LIABILITY
Программа NL5 вместе с сопровождающими материалами поставляется на условиях «как есть» без гарантии любого сорта. Автор не принимает на себя никаких гарантийных обязательств, как явно выраженных, так и подразумеваемых, включая, но не ограничиваясь, какие-либо подразумеваемые гарантии коммерческой выгоды или пригодности для любых целей. Ни в каком случае автор не несет ответственности ни перед кем за прямой, косвенный или случайный ущерб или убытки, возникшие в результате использования или невозможности использования NL5.
COPYRIGHTS
© 2014, А.Смирнов. Программа, Руководство Пользователя и перевод Руководства Пользователя защищены авторским правом. Никакая часть данного Руководства не может быть переведена или воспроизведена для коммерческих целей без письменного разрешения обладателя авторских прав. При публикации результатов, полученных при использовании программы, автор будет признателен за ссылку на NL5.
―Smith‖ is a registered trademark of Analog Instruments Company, New Providence, NJ. Microsoft, Windows, and
Microsoft Visual C++ are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. PYTHON is a registered trademark of the Python Software Foundation. Borland C++ Builder is a registered trademark of Borland Corporation.
2
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Оглавление |
|
I. Быстрый Старт......................................................................................... |
11 |
Установка и запуск NL5 .................................................................................................................. |
12 |
Установка NL5 ................................................................................................................................ |
12 |
Типы файлов.................................................................................................................................... |
13 |
Запуск NL5....................................................................................................................................... |
14 |
Создание и Симуляция Вашей Первой Схемы ........................................................................... |
15 |
Ввод схемы ...................................................................................................................................... |
15 |
Редактирование параметров компонентов ................................................................................... |
16 |
Установки переходного процесса (transient) ................................................................................ |
17 |
Данные переходного процесса ...................................................................................................... |
18 |
Запуск анализа переходного процесса.......................................................................................... |
19 |
Установки частотной характеристики (AC)................................................................................. |
20 |
Данные AC....................................................................................................................................... |
21 |
Запуск AC анализа .......................................................................................................................... |
22 |
Лицензия NL5 .................................................................................................................................... |
23 |
Single PC License ............................................................................................................................. |
23 |
Portable License................................................................................................................................ |
23 |
Network License ............................................................................................................................... |
23 |
Personal License ............................................................................................................................... |
24 |
II. Интерфейс Пользователя ...................................................................... |
25 |
Графический Интерфейс Пользователя....................................................................................... |
27 |
Основное Окно ................................................................................................................................ |
27 |
Основное Меню (Main Menu) ........................................................................................................ |
28 |
Основная инструментальная панель (Main Toolbar) ................................................................... |
31 |
Строка состояния (Status Bar) ........................................................................................................ |
31 |
Панель выбора (Selection Bar) ....................................................................................................... |
32 |
Панель навигации ........................................................................................................................... |
33 |
Окна документа............................................................................................................................... |
34 |
Другие окна ..................................................................................................................................... |
35 |
Окна диалогов ................................................................................................................................. |
35 |
Помощь (Help)................................................................................................................................. |
35 |
Горячие клавиши ............................................................................................................................ |
36 |
Предпочтения (Preferences)............................................................................................................. |
37 |
Preferences (предпочтения) ............................................................................................................ |
38 |
Application (приложение) ............................................................................................................... |
39 |
Document (документ) ...................................................................................................................... |
40 |
Schematic (схема) ............................................................................................................................ |
42 |
Drawings (рисунки) ......................................................................................................................... |
44 |
Mouse (Schematic) (мышь, схема).................................................................................................. |
45 |
Components (компоненты).............................................................................................................. |
46 |
Symbols (символы компонентов)................................................................................................... |
47 |
Warnings (предупреждения)........................................................................................................... |
48 |
Graphs (графики) ............................................................................................................................. |
49 |
3
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Table (таблица) ................................................................................................................................ |
50 |
Legend (условные обозначения, список кривых на графике) ..................................................... |
52 |
Annotation (аннотация) ................................................................................................................... |
53 |
Text (текст)....................................................................................................................................... |
55 |
Mouse (Graphs) (мышь, графики) .................................................................................................. |
56 |
Transient (переходный процесс) .................................................................................................... |
57 |
HTTP Server ..................................................................................................................................... |
59 |
Печать ................................................................................................................................................. |
60 |
Форматирование печати ................................................................................................................. |
61 |
Формат данных ................................................................................................................................. |
62 |
Нечувствительность к регистру (case-insensitivity). .................................................................... |
62 |
Числа ................................................................................................................................................ |
62 |
Имена ............................................................................................................................................... |
64 |
Операторы........................................................................................................................................ |
67 |
Функции........................................................................................................................................... |
67 |
Выражения....................................................................................................................................... |
68 |
Язык C................................................................................................................................................. |
69 |
Comments (комментарии)............................................................................................................... |
69 |
Data types (типы данных) ............................................................................................................... |
69 |
Variables (переменные)................................................................................................................... |
70 |
Arrays (массивы) ............................................................................................................................. |
70 |
Statements and operators .................................................................................................................. |
70 |
Скрипт................................................................................................................................................. |
72 |
Синтаксис ........................................................................................................................................ |
72 |
Команды........................................................................................................................................... |
72 |
Примеры скрипта ............................................................................................................................ |
73 |
III. Схема........................................................................................................ |
75 |
Окно схемы ........................................................................................................................................ |
77 |
Редактирование схемы ................................................................................................................... |
80 |
Курсор .............................................................................................................................................. |
81 |
Проводник ....................................................................................................................................... |
81 |
Соединение (Connection)................................................................................................................ |
82 |
Земля ................................................................................................................................................ |
83 |
Компонент ....................................................................................................................................... |
84 |
Вид компонента (View) .................................................................................................................. |
87 |
Этикетка (Label) .............................................................................................................................. |
88 |
Атрибуты ......................................................................................................................................... |
90 |
Рисунки (линия, прямоугольник, овал) ........................................................................................ |
91 |
Текст и Переменные ....................................................................................................................... |
92 |
Прокрутка и масштабирование ..................................................................................................... |
94 |
Выделение и сброс выделения....................................................................................................... |
95 |
Удаление .......................................................................................................................................... |
97 |
Перемещение и копирование......................................................................................................... |
97 |
Отключить и включить (Disable and Enable)................................................................................ |
99 |
Повернуть, отразить, перевернуть (Rotate, Mirror, Flip) ........................................................... |
100 |
4
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Формат ........................................................................................................................................... |
101 |
Отменить и выполнить повторно (Undo, Redo) ......................................................................... |
102 |
Команды редактирования схемы................................................................................................. |
104 |
Клавиатура и горячие клавиши ................................................................................................... |
106 |
Операции с мышкой ..................................................................................................................... |
107 |
Компоненты и модели.................................................................................................................... |
108 |
Формулы ........................................................................................................................................ |
108 |
Функции......................................................................................................................................... |
109 |
Редактирование конфигурируемого компонента (customized)................................................. |
110 |
Работа с подсхемами .................................................................................................................... |
114 |
Работа с PWL моделью................................................................................................................. |
116 |
Работа с PWL источником ........................................................................................................... |
122 |
Работа с моделью List................................................................................................................... |
124 |
Работа с моделью Table ................................................................................................................ |
126 |
Работа с двухмерной (2D) моделью Table.................................................................................. |
128 |
Работа с моделью C ...................................................................................................................... |
130 |
Работа с моделью DLL ................................................................................................................. |
136 |
Окно Компонентов (Componets Window)................................................................................... |
139 |
Инструментальная панель............................................................................................................ |
140 |
Список компонентов..................................................................................................................... |
141 |
Выбор модели................................................................................................................................ |
142 |
Редактирование параметров......................................................................................................... |
142 |
Окно переменных (Variables Window) ........................................................................................ |
145 |
Панель инструментов ................................................................................................................... |
145 |
Редактирование переменных ....................................................................................................... |
146 |
Листы (Sheets).................................................................................................................................. |
147 |
Группы .............................................................................................................................................. |
149 |
Проверка схемы .............................................................................................................................. |
151 |
Инструменты схемы....................................................................................................................... |
153 |
Renumber (перенумерация) .......................................................................................................... |
153 |
Initial Conditions (начальные условия) ........................................................................................ |
153 |
Clean Up (чистка) .......................................................................................................................... |
153 |
Formulas (формулы) ...................................................................................................................... |
153 |
Parameters (параметры)................................................................................................................. |
153 |
Transform (преобразование) ......................................................................................................... |
154 |
Свойства (Properties)...................................................................................................................... |
156 |
IV. Анализ переходного процесса (Transient)....................................... |
158 |
Симуляция ....................................................................................................................................... |
160 |
Алгоритм симуляции .................................................................................................................... |
160 |
Данные симуляции........................................................................................................................ |
165 |
Установки переходного процесса (Transient Settings).............................................................. |
167 |
Advanced Settings .......................................................................................................................... |
169 |
Данные переходного процесса (Transient Data) ........................................................................ |
171 |
5
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Инструментальная панель............................................................................................................ |
172 |
Traces (кривые).............................................................................................................................. |
177 |
Симуляция ....................................................................................................................................... |
180 |
Окно переходного процесса (Transient window)........................................................................ |
182 |
График............................................................................................................................................ |
184 |
Legend (условные обозначения) .................................................................................................. |
186 |
Курсоры ......................................................................................................................................... |
187 |
Текст............................................................................................................................................... |
189 |
Storage (накопитель данных, «хранилище») .............................................................................. |
192 |
Data table (Таблица данных) ........................................................................................................ |
194 |
Прокрутка и масштабирование ................................................................................................... |
196 |
Команды переходного процесса.................................................................................................. |
199 |
Клавиатура и горячие клавиши ................................................................................................... |
201 |
Операции с мышкой ..................................................................................................................... |
202 |
Инструменты переходного процесса (Transient Tools) ............................................................ |
203 |
DC sweep ........................................................................................................................................ |
204 |
XY diagram (XY-диаграмма)........................................................................................................ |
208 |
Amplitude histogram (амплитудная гистограмма) ...................................................................... |
211 |
Histogram (гистограмма) .............................................................................................................. |
213 |
FFT (Быстрое Преобразование Фурье) ....................................................................................... |
217 |
Eye diagram (Глазковая диаграмма) ............................................................................................ |
222 |
Markers (маркеры)......................................................................................................................... |
224 |
Power (мощность).......................................................................................................................... |
225 |
Line snapshot .................................................................................................................................. |
228 |
V. Частотная Характеристика (AC)....................................................... |
230 |
Симуляция ....................................................................................................................................... |
232 |
Метод линеаризации схемы ......................................................................................................... |
232 |
Метод «включения» источника (Sweep AC source)................................................................... |
232 |
Z-преобразование (Z-transform)................................................................................................... |
234 |
Данные симуляции........................................................................................................................ |
236 |
Установки AC (AC Settings) .......................................................................................................... |
237 |
Advanced Settings .......................................................................................................................... |
241 |
Данные AC (AC Data)..................................................................................................................... |
243 |
Инструментальная панель............................................................................................................ |
244 |
Traces (кривые).............................................................................................................................. |
247 |
Выполнение симуляции................................................................................................................. |
249 |
Окно AC (AC window) .................................................................................................................... |
250 |
График............................................................................................................................................ |
252 |
Legend (условные обозначения) .................................................................................................. |
254 |
Курсоры ......................................................................................................................................... |
255 |
Text. ................................................................................................................................................ |
257 |
Storage (накопитель данных) ....................................................................................................... |
260 |
Data table (Таблица данных) ........................................................................................................ |
262 |
Прокрутка и масштабирование ................................................................................................... |
264 |
6
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Команды AC .................................................................................................................................. |
267 |
Клавиатура и горячие клавиши ................................................................................................... |
269 |
Операции с мышкой ..................................................................................................................... |
270 |
Инструменты AC (AC Tools)......................................................................................................... |
271 |
Histogram (гистограмма) .............................................................................................................. |
271 |
Smith Chart (Диаграмма Смита)................................................................................................... |
275 |
Диаграмма Найквиста................................................................................................................... |
278 |
Диаграмма Николса ...................................................................................................................... |
280 |
Markers (маркеры)......................................................................................................................... |
283 |
VI. Инструменты (Tools)........................................................................... |
284 |
Скрипт............................................................................................................................................... |
286 |
Выполнение скрипта..................................................................................................................... |
287 |
Console (консоль)............................................................................................................................. |
288 |
Командная строка ......................................................................................................................... |
289 |
Sweep (серия).................................................................................................................................... |
290 |
Оптимизация ................................................................................................................................... |
293 |
HTTP link .......................................................................................................................................... |
296 |
Запуск HTTP сервера .................................................................................................................... |
296 |
Посылка URL запроса .................................................................................................................. |
297 |
Запуск симуляция ......................................................................................................................... |
299 |
Пример связи NL5-MATLAB ...................................................................................................... |
300 |
VII. Приложения (Attachments)............................................................... |
302 |
1. Component Types, Models and Parameters............................................................................... |
302 |
Label ........................................................................................................................................... |
304 |
A – Amperemeter........................................................................................................................ |
311 |
C – Capacitor .............................................................................................................................. |
312 |
C – Voltage controlled capacitor ................................................................................................ |
314 |
C – Current controlled capacitor................................................................................................. |
315 |
D – Diode.................................................................................................................................... |
316 |
D – Zener .................................................................................................................................... |
320 |
D – Bidirectional zener ............................................................................................................... |
321 |
D – Bridge rectifier ..................................................................................................................... |
322 |
D – Logic controlled thyristor..................................................................................................... |
323 |
D – Voltage controlled thyristor ................................................................................................. |
324 |
D – Current controlled thyristor.................................................................................................. |
325 |
F – Function ................................................................................................................................ |
326 |
F – Function-2............................................................................................................................. |
331 |
F – Custom function.................................................................................................................... |
339 |
I – Current source........................................................................................................................ |
341 |
I – Voltage controlled current source.......................................................................................... |
348 |
I – Current controlled current source .......................................................................................... |
352 |
L – Inductor................................................................................................................................. |
356 |
L – Voltage controlled inductor .................................................................................................. |
358 |
L – Current controlled indictor ................................................................................................... |
359 |
7
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
L – Coupled inductors................................................................................................................. |
360 |
L – Custom coupled inductors .................................................................................................... |
361 |
O – Amplifier.............................................................................................................................. |
363 |
O – Differential amplifier ........................................................................................................... |
368 |
O – Summing amplifier .............................................................................................................. |
373 |
O – Voltage controlled amplifier ................................................................................................ |
377 |
O – Current controlled amplifier................................................................................................. |
378 |
R – Resistor................................................................................................................................. |
379 |
R – Potentiometer ....................................................................................................................... |
381 |
R – Voltage controlled resistor ................................................................................................... |
382 |
R – Current controlled resistor.................................................................................................... |
383 |
S – Switch ................................................................................................................................... |
384 |
S – Logic controlled switch ........................................................................................................ |
387 |
S – Voltage controlled switch ..................................................................................................... |
389 |
S – Current controlled switch ..................................................................................................... |
392 |
S – SPDT switch ......................................................................................................................... |
395 |
S – SPDT logic controlled switch............................................................................................... |
400 |
S – SPDT voltage controlled switch ........................................................................................... |
404 |
S – SPDT current controlled switch............................................................................................ |
408 |
T – NPN transistor ...................................................................................................................... |
412 |
T – PNP transistor....................................................................................................................... |
416 |
T – N-FET................................................................................................................................... |
420 |
T – P-FET ................................................................................................................................... |
423 |
V – Voltage source...................................................................................................................... |
426 |
V – Voltage controlled voltage source........................................................................................ |
433 |
V – Current controlled current source ........................................................................................ |
437 |
V – Voltmeter ............................................................................................................................. |
441 |
W – Winding............................................................................................................................... |
442 |
W – Transformer......................................................................................................................... |
443 |
W – Differential transformer ...................................................................................................... |
444 |
W – Custom transformer............................................................................................................. |
445 |
W – Wattmeter............................................................................................................................ |
447 |
X – Delay .................................................................................................................................... |
448 |
X – Transmission line ................................................................................................................. |
449 |
X – Sample/Hold......................................................................................................................... |
452 |
X – Directional coupler............................................................................................................... |
454 |
X – Block-2................................................................................................................................. |
455 |
X – Block-3................................................................................................................................. |
456 |
X – Block-4................................................................................................................................. |
457 |
X – Block-6................................................................................................................................. |
458 |
X – Block-8................................................................................................................................. |
459 |
X – Custom block ....................................................................................................................... |
460 |
X – Code ..................................................................................................................................... |
461 |
Y – Logic-1 ................................................................................................................................. |
463 |
Y – Logic-2 ................................................................................................................................. |
464 |
Y – Logic-3 ................................................................................................................................. |
465 |
Y – Custom logic ........................................................................................................................ |
467 |
Y – D flip-flop ............................................................................................................................ |
469 |
8
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
Y – SR trigger ............................................................................................................................. |
470 |
Y – Schmitt trigger...................................................................................................................... |
472 |
Y – Logic generator .................................................................................................................... |
474 |
2. Operators ....................................................................................................................................... |
477 |
3. Functions........................................................................................................................................ |
479 |
abs, mag ........................................................................................................................................ |
479 |
sign ................................................................................................................................................. |
480 |
re ..................................................................................................................................................... |
481 |
im .................................................................................................................................................... |
481 |
phase.............................................................................................................................................. |
481 |
sqrt.................................................................................................................................................. |
482 |
sqr ................................................................................................................................................... |
482 |
sq .................................................................................................................................................... |
483 |
lim, limit .......................................................................................................................................... |
483 |
islow................................................................................................................................................ |
484 |
ishigh .............................................................................................................................................. |
484 |
sum ................................................................................................................................................. |
485 |
mean, average.............................................................................................................................. |
485 |
min .................................................................................................................................................. |
486 |
max ................................................................................................................................................. |
487 |
exp .................................................................................................................................................. |
487 |
pow ................................................................................................................................................. |
488 |
pwr .................................................................................................................................................. |
488 |
log(x,y) ........................................................................................................................................... |
489 |
ln, log.............................................................................................................................................. |
489 |
lg, log10 ......................................................................................................................................... |
490 |
lb, log2............................................................................................................................................ |
490 |
db .................................................................................................................................................... |
491 |
par................................................................................................................................................... |
491 |
sin ................................................................................................................................................... |
492 |
cos .................................................................................................................................................. |
492 |
tan, tg ............................................................................................................................................. |
492 |
asin ................................................................................................................................................. |
493 |
acos ................................................................................................................................................ |
493 |
atan................................................................................................................................................. |
493 |
atan2............................................................................................................................................... |
494 |
random, rand................................................................................................................................. |
495 |
gauss.............................................................................................................................................. |
495 |
round .............................................................................................................................................. |
496 |
floor................................................................................................................................................. |
497 |
ceil................................................................................................................................................... |
497 |
bool................................................................................................................................................. |
498 |
int .................................................................................................................................................... |
498 |
double............................................................................................................................................. |
499 |
complex.......................................................................................................................................... |
499 |
4. Script commands........................................................................................................................... |
500 |
ac .................................................................................................................................................... |
500 |
9
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
clear................................................................................................................................................ |
500 |
close ............................................................................................................................................... |
501 |
cont ................................................................................................................................................. |
501 |
cursors ........................................................................................................................................... |
502 |
display ............................................................................................................................................ |
502 |
exit .................................................................................................................................................. |
502 |
export (transient) .......................................................................................................................... |
503 |
export (AC) .................................................................................................................................... |
504 |
logdata ........................................................................................................................................... |
505 |
open................................................................................................................................................ |
506 |
pause.............................................................................................................................................. |
506 |
ready............................................................................................................................................... |
506 |
return .............................................................................................................................................. |
507 |
rununtil ........................................................................................................................................... |
507 |
save ................................................................................................................................................ |
508 |
savedata ........................................................................................................................................ |
508 |
saveic ............................................................................................................................................. |
509 |
sleep ............................................................................................................................................... |
509 |
stop ................................................................................................................................................. |
509 |
store................................................................................................................................................ |
510 |
storetext ......................................................................................................................................... |
510 |
traces.............................................................................................................................................. |
511 |
tracename (transient)................................................................................................................... |
512 |
tracename (AC) ............................................................................................................................ |
513 |
tran.................................................................................................................................................. |
514 |
5. END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT....................................................................................... |
515 |
10
NL5 circuit simulator |
Руководство Пользователя |
I. Быстрый Старт
11