
- •Unit I
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Working Day
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Day Off and My Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading material text a
- •The Cell
- •If we examine a thin piece of a plant under a microscope we shall see
- •Cells: the Smallest Units of Life, their Structure
- •Crammar exercises
- •Unit II
- •The Belarusian State University
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •The Biology Faculty
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make up sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •II. Mind the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Species
- •Grammar execises
- •Unit III
- •Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Minsk-the Capital of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Reproduction and Growth
- •Bacteria: their Construction
- •Crammar exercises practice modals
- •Practice substitute words
- •Unit IV
- •The United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Make sentences
- •II. Complete the sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •My Future Profession
- •Botanist
- •Ecologist
- •Biochemist
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading material
- •Algae: the Simplest Green Plants
- •Crammar exercises practice participle
- •Practice infinitive
- •Practice gerund
- •Unit V
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 5.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the meanings of the verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •VIII. Put in some, any, something, anything, nothing, nobody and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 6.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •Исключения
- •Pronouns and Substitute words
- •(Местоимение и словазаменители)
- •The word One
- •Слово One
- •Слово-заместитель that (those)
- •Слово-заместитель this (these)
- •II. Articles
- •III. Numbers (Числительное)
- •IV. Pronouns (местоимения)
- •V. Оборот there is (there are)
- •IV. Безличное it
- •VII. Adjectives (прилагательное)
- •VIII. Adverbs (наречия)
- •IX. Tenses Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •X. Modal Verbs (модальные глаголы)
- •Основные значения модальных глаголов
- •XI. Participle
- •Функции причастия
- •I. Определениe (Attribute (какой?, какая?)
- •Models:
- •2. Participle II
- •II. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier (как?, почему?, когда?)
- •1. Participle I (Active and Passive)
- •2. Participle II
- •3. Perfect Participle
- •Причастные обороты
- •1. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Независимый причастный оборот (Absolute Participial Construction)
- •XII. Gerund
- •Функции герундия
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •Часть составного именного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Nominal Predicate)
- •Часть составного глагольного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate)
- •4. Прямое дополнение (Direct Object)
- •5. Косвенное дополнение (Indirect Object)
- •6. Определение (Attribute) Герундий в данной функции употребляется после следующих абстрактных существительных с предлогами:
- •7. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier)
- •Герундиальные обороты (gerundial constructions)
- •Употребление инфинитива без частицы to
- •Функции инфинитива
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •2. Часть сказуемого (Part of the Predicate)
- •3. Дополнение (Object)
- •4. Определение (Attribute)
- •5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier of):
- •Инфинитивные обороты (infinitive constructions)
- •1. Сложное Дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Инфинитивный оборот
- •(The For-To-Infinitive Construction)
My Future Profession
Finishing school is the beginning of an independent life for school-leavers. Many roads are open to us. Of course, it is not easy to make the right choice of a job. As for me I chose my specialization according to my interests. I have been interested in biology since my childhood. My mother is a biologist and I know how interesting her work is.
To be a good biologist I think you should have investigating, analyzing skills; you should be good at recognizing elements, relationships, structures; you should be able to systematize and organize material obtained.
Botanist
I suppose biology on the whole and botany in particular are perspective for me. I believe I possess the majority of the skills required to be a botanist.
Botany is the science that deals with plants. It is divided into several subordinate sciences, such as:
systematic botany, which deals with classification of plants according to their relationship;
morphology, which deals with functions of plant organs;
plant geography which deals with distribution of plants;
genetics, which deals with inheritance and variation;
applied botany, which includes agriculture, horticulture, forestry, pharmacognocy, bacteriology, plant pathology, etc.
Botany is a very dynamic and developing science. A lot of questions still remain uncertain.
So I hope I have some possibilities to find my own way and to contribute to the developing of this incredibly interesting science.
Ecologist
Since ancient times people lived in harmony with environment. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase. The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer, disappearance of some species of animals, birds, plants is a sign of ecological crisis.
That is the reason why I chose the profession of an ecologist. In my opinion this job is socially important. Ecologists have to solve a lot of problems that still exist in our republic. For example, the by-products of the large Belarusian enterprises pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain.
Ecologists must do their best to prevent terrible catastrophes such as Chernobyl tragedy.
The profession of an ecologist gives a lot of opportunities to help people in trouble.
I personally think that this profession is the most important and perspective. To satisfy my ambition I entered the Biology Faculty of the Belarussian State University and hope to be useful for my country.
Biochemist
While choosing my future profession I took a lot of factors into consideration: salary, job-satisfaction, prestige, opportunities to travel, etc. As for me, the most important criterion is job-satisfaction, that’s why I have chosen the profession of a biochemist. My uncle occupies this profession. He told me a lot about biochemistry. As fas as I know biochemistry is one of the youngest branches of biology. It is a young branch of chemistry too.
Biochemistry may be defined as the chemistry of living organisms, from the most primitive to very complicated ones.
The research in biochemistry may be considered in three aspects. The first is a study of the composition of organisms. It is the essence of static biochemistry.
The second aspect deals with all the complex transformations in living organisms. This is research in dynamic biochemistry.
The aim of the third aspect is to elucidate the biological or physiological importance of chemical reactions in organisms. This is functional biochemistry.
Biochemistry is a quickly developing science. A profession of a biochemist is very specific and responsible. I am interested in structure, properties and conversion of amino acids.I hope to make my own contribution in the development of biochemistry.