Vocabulary

island – остров

surface – поверхность

high – высокий

highland – высокогорье

language – язык

moderate – умеренный

mild – мягкий

state – государство

major supplier – главный поставщик

electric equipment – оборудование; оснащение

foreign trade – зарубежная торговля

invisible – невидимый

insurance – страхование

aviation expertise – авиационная экспертиза

scientific and technical expertise – научно-техническая экспертиза

financial services – финансовые услуги

Her Majesty – Ее Величество (титул)

largely – главным образом

legislative power – законодательная власть

executive power – исполнительная власть

hereditary peers – наследственные пэры

life peers – пожизненные пэры

spiritual peers – епископы – члены парламента

the House of Lords – палата лордов

the House of Commons – палата общин

the Labour Party – лейбористская партия

the Conservative Party – консервативная партия

ruling party – правящая партия

inhabitant – житель

custom – обычай, привычка

polite – вежливый

aloud – громкий

remain – оставаться

good-tempered – уравновешенный; добродушный

cheerful – добрый, веселый

Vocabulary Notes

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland – Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии

England – Англия

Scotland – Шотландия

Wales – Уэльс

the Northern Ireland – Северная Ирландия

the North Sea – Северное море

the Irish Sea – Ирландское море

the English Channel – принятое в Соединенном Королевстве название пролива Ла-Манш

the Atlantic Ocean – Атлантический океан

the Gulf Stream – течение Гольфстрим

the British Isles – Британские острова

Answer the questions:

1. Where is the U.K. situated?

2. What parts does the U.K. consist of?

3. What are the British Isles washed by?

4. What is the territory and the population of the country?

5. What city is the capital of the U.K.?

6. What language is official in the U.K.?

7. What do you know about the surface of the country?

8. Are there any high mountains and long rivers in the U.K.?

9. Why is the climate moderate and mild?

10. Is the U.K. a highly developed industrial country?

11. What do the British people produce?

12. What is an important part of foreign trade?

13. The U.K. is a parliamentary monarchy, isn’t it?

14. Do you know the name of the Queen of the U.K.?

15. What does the legislative power belong to?

16. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the population, aren’t they?

17. How many parliamentary political parties are there in the U.K.?

18. What are the inhabitants of the U.K. famous for?

19. What can you say about British character?

I. Make sentences

1. by the Atlantic Ocean, the British Isles, the Irish Sea, are washed, the North Sea

2. the territory, occupies, the U.K., 244,000 square kilometers, of about

3. in the U.K., constitution, no, there is, written

4. naturally, are, polite, British people

5. Oxford, are considered, Cambridge, the intellectual centres, to be, of Europe, and.

II. Complete the sentences using the text.

1. When we speak about the U.K. ...

2. English is the official language but ...

3. The highest mountain is ...

4. The longest rivers are ...

5. The U.K. is a major supplier of ...

6. The biggest industrial centres are ...

7. The legislative power belongs to ...

8. The executive power is exercised by ...

9. British never show their ...

10. British seem to remain ...

London

London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom situated on the Thames river, the largest city in Britain and one of the largest cities in the world.

From the earliest times the Romans, the Saxons, the Danes and the Normans settled there in turn. London is one of the world’s largest ports. Historical and geographical circumstances have turned London into one of the world’s most important commercial and cultural centers.

London survived the Plague, which killed nearly 70.000 people, and the Great Fire which followed. Little damage occurred during World War I, but World War II brought tremendous destruction to the city: a great number of buildings of historic value were laid in ruins. Yet much was spared, including the Tower, St.Paul’s Cathedral and Westminster Abbey which remain the major tourist attractions of the city.

More than 8 million people live in London and its suburbs. It is a city of great contrasts. Its western part (the West End) is the richest part of the town with its cosy mansions, beautiful avenues, shops, restaurants and hotels. The East End is the district inhabited by the workers and the poor. Industry is chiefly found in that part of the city grey with soot and smoke.

The heart of London is the City -its commercial and business center. It is the oldest part of the town with the Tower of London that comes first among the historic buildings of the city.

The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 rebuilt by William the Conquerer. It was used as a fortress, a palace and a prison. Now it is a museum of armour.

A twenty minutes’ walk from the Tower will take you to another historic building-St.Paul’s Cathedral, the greatest of English churches. It was built by a famous English architect Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723). St.Paul’s Cathedral with its huge dome and rows of columns is considered to be a fine specimen of Renaissance architecture. In one of its towers hangs one of the largest bells in the world, Great Paul, weighing about 17.5 tons. Nelson and other great men of England are buried in the Cathedral.

Not far away, in Westminster, another important part of London where most of the Government buildings are situated is Westminster Abbey. Many outstanding English statesmen, painters and poets are buried here.

Across the road from Westminster Abbey is Westminster Palace, the seat of the British Parliament. Its two graceful towers stand high above the city. The higher of the two contains the largest clock in the country and the famous bell Big Ben that strikes every quarter of the hour.

If now we walk along Whitehall, which is not at all a hall, but just a street where the chief government offices are to be found, we’ll soon come to Trafalgar Square. It was so named in memory of the victory at the battle of Trafalgar, where on October 21, 1805 the English fleet under Nelson’s command defeated the combined fleet of France and Spain. The victory was won at the cost of Nelson’s life. In the middle of Trafalgar Square stands Nelson’s monument - a tall column with a figure of Nelson on its top. The column is guarded by four bronze lions.

The fine building facing the square is the National Gallery and adjoining it (but just round the corner) is the Portrait Gallery.

Not far away is the British Museum- the biggest museum in London. It contains a priceless collection of different things (ancient manuscripts, coins, sculptures etc.) The British Museum is famous for its library- one of the richest in the world.

You cannot leave the city without visiting one more place of interest - Hyde Park, which is the largest in London. When you are walking along its shady avenues, sitting on the grass, admiring its beautiful flower beds or watching swans and ducks floating on the ponds, it seems almost unbelievable that all around there is a large city with its heavy traffic and smoke.