- •Unit I
- •About myself
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Working Day
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •My Day Off and My Hobbies
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Reading material text a
- •The Cell
- •If we examine a thin piece of a plant under a microscope we shall see
- •Cells: the Smallest Units of Life, their Structure
- •Crammar exercises
- •Unit II
- •The Belarusian State University
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •II. Complete the following sentences.
- •The Biology Faculty
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Make up sentences using the following words and expressions.
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •II. Mind the pronunciation of the following words:
- •III. Mark the following statements as true or false:
- •Species
- •Grammar execises
- •Unit III
- •Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Minsk-the Capital of the Republic of Belarus
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •Reproduction and Growth
- •Bacteria: their Construction
- •Crammar exercises practice modals
- •Practice substitute words
- •Unit IV
- •The United Kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •I. Make sentences
- •II. Complete the sentences using the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Notes
- •Self check
- •My Future Profession
- •Botanist
- •Ecologist
- •Biochemist
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading material
- •Algae: the Simplest Green Plants
- •Crammar exercises practice participle
- •Practice infinitive
- •Practice gerund
- •Unit V
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 5.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the modal verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •VI. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian. Pay attention to the meanings of the verbs.
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •VIII. Put in some, any, something, anything, nothing, nobody and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Questions:
- •II. Rewrite and translate in writing paragraphs 2, 4, 6.
- •III. Put questions to the underlined words.
- •IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form and voice. Translate the sentences into Russian in writing.
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian in writing, pay attention to different forms of adjectives.
- •Questions:
- •VII. Rewrite and translate the following sentences into Russian, pay attention to different meanings of the words.
- •Questions:
- •Исключения
- •Pronouns and Substitute words
- •(Местоимение и словазаменители)
- •The word One
- •Слово One
- •Слово-заместитель that (those)
- •Слово-заместитель this (these)
- •II. Articles
- •III. Numbers (Числительное)
- •IV. Pronouns (местоимения)
- •V. Оборот there is (there are)
- •IV. Безличное it
- •VII. Adjectives (прилагательное)
- •VIII. Adverbs (наречия)
- •IX. Tenses Active Voice
- •Passive Voice
- •X. Modal Verbs (модальные глаголы)
- •Основные значения модальных глаголов
- •XI. Participle
- •Функции причастия
- •I. Определениe (Attribute (какой?, какая?)
- •Models:
- •2. Participle II
- •II. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier (как?, почему?, когда?)
- •1. Participle I (Active and Passive)
- •2. Participle II
- •3. Perfect Participle
- •Причастные обороты
- •1. Сложное дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Независимый причастный оборот (Absolute Participial Construction)
- •XII. Gerund
- •Функции герундия
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •Часть составного именного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Nominal Predicate)
- •Часть составного глагольного сказуемого (Part of a Compound Verbal Predicate)
- •4. Прямое дополнение (Direct Object)
- •5. Косвенное дополнение (Indirect Object)
- •6. Определение (Attribute) Герундий в данной функции употребляется после следующих абстрактных существительных с предлогами:
- •7. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier)
- •Герундиальные обороты (gerundial constructions)
- •Употребление инфинитива без частицы to
- •Функции инфинитива
- •1. Подлежащее (Subject)
- •2. Часть сказуемого (Part of the Predicate)
- •3. Дополнение (Object)
- •4. Определение (Attribute)
- •5. Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier of):
- •Инфинитивные обороты (infinitive constructions)
- •1. Сложное Дополнение (Complex Object)
- •2. Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject)
- •3. Инфинитивный оборот
- •(The For-To-Infinitive Construction)
Vocabulary
homeland – родина
border (on, upon) – граничить
population – население
descendant – потомок
statehood – государственность
perform – выполнять, осуществлять
survive – уцелеть
aurochses [LrOksi:z] – зубры
proclaim – провозгласить
infinite nature – бесконечное природное пространство
petroleum [pItrquljqm] – нефть
desert – пустыня
arable – пахотный
Vocabulary Notes
moderately continental – умеренно континентальный
mineral fertilizers – минеральные удобрения
unique features – уникальные черты
to proclaim sovereignty [sOvrqntI] – провозгласить независимость
according to the Constitution – согласно Конституции
Prime Minister – Премьер Министр
Premier – Премьер
The CIS – the Commonwealth of Independent States – CHГ
Council of Ministers – Совет Министров
the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus – Национальное собрание Республики Беларусь
the Parliament – парламент
consists of two Chambers – состоит из двух Палат
1) the Upper Chamber – the Council of the Republic
2) the Lower Chamber – the Chamber of Representatives
judicial power – судебная власть
the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus – Конституционный Суд Республики Беларусь
to succeed in smth – преуспевать в …
Self check
Ex. 1. Put the verb in the proper form and translate the sentences.
Belarus (to be) my homeland.
It’s the place where I (to be) born.
Belarus (to be) situated nearly in the centre of Europe.
Belarus (to occupy) the territory of 207.6 thousand square kilometres.
About 3 million Belarusians and their descendants (to live) outside Belarus.
Belarus (to have) a very long and rich history.
The Belarusian statehood (to start) to be formed as early as the 10th century, when Prince Rogvold (to start) to reign on Polotsk lands.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (to be) one of the largest and most powerful states in Eastern Europe.
In general the history of our country (to be) very difficult and dramatic.
The head of the state and the highest executive power (to be) the President, elected for a 5 – year term.
The Prime Minister (to be) appointed by the President.
The Parliament – the National Assembly, (to be) a representative and legislative body of the republic.
The Parliament (to consist) of two Chambers: the Council of the Republic and the Chamber of Representatives.
The judicial power (to belong) to courts.
Minsk (to be) the capital of Belarus.
With its numerous rivers and lakes, meadows and forests which cover one-third of the country, Belarus (to be) a unique formation with hundreds of remarkable species of plants and animals.
The climate of the republic (to be) moderately continental.
The mineral resources of the country (to meet) the needs of the national economy.
In spite of some serious economic problems that our country (to face) over the recent years, Belarus can (to be) named one of the most economically advanced regions among the countries, united in the CIS.
Belarus (to succed) in industrial development of such branches as motor industry, manufacture of tractors and agricultural engineering, machine tool industry and electro-technical industry, production of mineral fertilizers, wood-working and oil-refining.
Belarus (to possess) great scientific potential.