32

fZgbimebjh\Zgby \Zrbfb mklZgh\dZfb

AZsblZ ikbobdb ih^jZamf_\Z_l hl\_l gZ \hijhk ©DZd kijZ\blvky k g_]Zlb\guf \ha^_ckl\b_f k\hbo kh[kl\_gguo mklZgh\hd gZ dhlhjuo iulZ_lky ku]jZlv ijhlb\gbd"ª

Ke_^my wlhc ljb_^bghc aZ^Zq_ fu hk\_lbf jZ[hlm k ikboheh]bq_kdbfb mklZgh\dZfb h[t_dlZ

J:A<?>D: MKL:GH<HD

JZkkfhljbf ijbf_g_gb_ agZgbc ^bkihabpbb ebqghklb gZ ijbf_j_ mklZgh\e_gby \Zfb dhglZdlZ ih^ ebqbghc bghnbjfu >ey h[_ki_q_gby jZ[hlu ih^ lZdhc djur_c \Zf fh]ml ijb]h^blvky agZgby lbih\uo hljbpZl_evguo mklZgh\hd k \ukhdhc kl_i_gvx \_jhylghklb bf_xsboky \ khagZgbb \Zr_]h h[t_dlZ G_\abjZy gZ gZr_ hlghr_gb_ d ih^h[guf fg_gbyf b ijbqbgZf bo nhjfbjh\Zgby mq_l ih^h[guo©g_]Zlb\hdª ihdZaZe ohjhrbc ihe_aguc wnn_dl \ ijZdlbd_©h[dZldbªfheh^uo khljm^gbdh\ :]_glkl\Z <hafh`gh wlh ijb]h^blky b \Zf

BlZd dZdh\u jZkoh`b_ g_]Zlb\gu_ rZ[ehgu b rlZfiu mklZgh\hd d bghnbjfZf m ij_^klZ\bl_e_c jhkkbckdh]h ^bj_dlhjkdh]h dhjimkZ"Q_]h h`b^Zxl hgb hl©nbjfZdZªb dZd _]h \hkijbgbfZxl"

>ey gZqZeZ ijb\_^_f g_kdhevdh ]eh[Zevguo h`b^Zgbc hljZ`Zxsbo h[sb_ h[h[s_ggu_ ih^oh^u \ \hkijbylbb iheblbdb bghnbjf Hgb hq_jqb\Zxl djm] \hafh`ghc jbkdh]jZnbb kh\f_klghc jZ[hlu K h[gZjm`_gb_f \ khagZgbb \Zr_]h h[t_dlZ ih^h[guo mklZgh\hd hl \Zk ^he`gu g_aZf_^ebl_evgh ihke_^h\Zlv hl\_lgu_ oh^u DZd lhevdh \u aZy\ey_l_ qlh ij_^klZ\ey_l_ bghnbjfm \iheg_ \hafh`gh gZ \Zk Z\lhfZlbq_kdb jZkijhkljZgyl hlghr_gby k\hckl\_ggu_ h^ghfm ba lbih\uo gZa\Zgby ijb\h^ylky \ lhc nhjf_ dZd gZf wlh ijboh^behkv keurZlv hl h[t_dlmju

©ZdmeZ bfi_jbZebafZª

²Z]j_kkb\gZy nbjfZ k ^Ze_dh b^msbfb ieZgZfb \ hlghr_gbb Jhkkbb Ghkbl_e_f ih^h[ghc mklZgh\db \Zf [m^ml ijbibkZgu lZdb_ q_jlu dZd `_kldZy jZ[hlZ ih aZdhgZf ©dZf_gguo ^`mg]e_cª [_a ihijZ\hd gZ jhkkbckdmx ki_pbnbdm b fZehhiulghklv iZjlg_jZ Ij_^iheZ]Z_lky kljh]h nhjfZebah\Zggh_ khljm^gbq_kl\h k \ukhdhc hl\_lkl\_gghklvx H`b^Zxlky ex[u_ g_ehyevgu_ ^_ckl\by k \Zr_c klhjhgu gh \ kljh]bo jZfdZo aZdhgghklb

©\_sv \ k_[_ª² g_ihgylgZy nbjfZ ih k\hbf p_eyf b iheblbd_ < hlghr_gbb jhkiZjlg_jZ ihabpby lmfZggZ HiZk_gby k\h^ylky d h`b^Zgbyf jZaebqguo ih^\hoh\ b ^_n_dlh\ \aZbfh^_ckl\by <ukhdZ kl_i_gv g_^h\_jby ^_deZjbjh\Zgguf p_eyf b bkoh^Zf ijh_dlZ Ih^hajbl_evghklv iZjlg_jZ b hiZk_gby d \Zr_c klhjhg_ [m^ml ^Z\Zlv k_[y agZlv ihklhyggh

©j\Zqª ²lZd h[jZagh ]h\hjy oZjZdl_jbamxl nbjfm qvy p_ev jbkm_lky dZd©\u^Zb\Zgb_ ba Jhkkbb gZpbhgZevgh]h [h]Zlkl\Zª =eZ\gZy hiZkghklv ij_^klZ\ey_lky \ nhjf_ \ukhdhc \_jhylghklb e_]Zebabjh\Zggh]h h[fZgZ iZjlg_jZ k aZ\eZ^_gb_f _]h bfms_kl\hf b hldZaZ hl bkiheg_gby h[yaZl_evkl\ \ kZfuc g_m^Zqguc ^ey \Zk fhf_gl khljm^gbq_kl\Z

©ih^klZ\dZª nbjfZ bghkljZggZy lhevdh ih f_klm bgdhjihjZpbb Hl lZdhc nbjfu \hh[s_ g_ `^ml gbq_]h ohjhr_]h Hlghr_gb_ djZcg_c ih^hajbl_evghklb qZklh i_j_jZklZ_l \ y\gmx g_ijbyagv ©Db^Zeh\hª kh klhjhgu jhkiZjlg_jZ fZeh\_jhylgh MklZgh\dZ gZ g_bkiheg_gb_ h[yaZl_evkl\²ihqlb gZ\_jgydZ

©wfb]jmrZª

² bghkljZggZy ih bgdhjihjbjh\Zgby gh gZrZ ih ijhbkoh`^_gbx \eZ^_evpZ b jmdh\h^kl\Z Ih^jZamf_\Z_lky qlh nbjfm \ha]eZ\ey_l [u\rbc khhl_q_kl\_ggbd \u_oZ\rbc aZ jm[_` gh g_ mljZlb\rbfb k\ya_c Kbf[bha gZr_]h iZjgy k \hafh`ghklyfb bghnbjfu ij_^klZ\ey_lky h[jZahf fZehijbly]Zl_evguf <hafh`gu gZkljhc jhkiZjlg_jZ \ klhjhgm ©aZf_gu iZjlg_jZªb bgbpbbjh\Zgby kZfhklhyl_evghc g_ehyevghc ^_yl_evghklb

ijhp_^mj ijbgylby j_r_gbc jmdh\h^kl\hf bghnbjfu A^_kv fu fh`_f gZ[ex^Zlv iheguc [md_l ^ey \hafh`ghkl_c fZgbimebjh\Zgby GZ ijZdlbd_ wlh ijhy\ey_lky gZijbf_j lZd

² ©fZjf_eZ^ghklvª ij_^klZ\bl_ey bghnbjfu \ujZ`ZxsZyky \ _]h g_mf_gbb q_ldh nhjfmebjh\Zlv aZ^Zqm kh\[bag_kf_gm keZ[hc bgnhjfbjh\Zgghklb h \hafh`ghklyo khljm^gbq_kl\Z \ gbadhf mjh\g_ ij_^klZ\bl_evghklb b iheghfhqbc fh`_l [ulv bkihevah\ZgZ \

dZq_kl\_ gZ^_`ghc rbjfu ^ey \Zr_c ^_yl_evghklb JhkiZjlg_j ijb wlhf k\Zebl \kx \bgm bf_ggh gZ [_klhedh\h]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey Ohly ih ijZ\^_ ]h\hjy fgh]h eb kj_^b gbo lhedh\uo" ² ijb\_j`_gghklv ihlh]hgguf f_lh^Zf mijZ\e_gby \iheg_ h`b^Z_fZy hl \Zk jhkiZjlg_jhf h[_ki_qb\Z_l \Zf \hafh`ghklb ^ey fZgbimebjh\Zgby b gZkZ`^_gby

khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h klbey mijZ\e_gby h[sbf ^_ehf

²klj_fe_gb_ d ijhp_glghfm dhgljhex bkiheg_gby h[yaZl_evkl\ iZjlg_jhf lZd`_ ljZ^bpbhggh ijbibku\Z_fZy bghnbjfZf ij_^hklZ\ey_l \Zf [h]Zlu_

\hafh`ghklb ^ey jZa\_^db iZjlg_jZ b _]h nbjfu < h^ghf wibah^_ ijb ^_rbnjh\d_ gZr_]h g_]eZkgh]h dhgljhey iZjlg_jhf fu kmf_eb \u\_jgmlvky ba kblmZpbb bkdexqbl_evgh aZ^_ckl\h\Z\ wlm _]h mklZgh\dm

²jbkdh\hklv b ij_^ijbbfqb\hklv

Wlh ihgylb_ \ [hevr_c f_j_ khhlghkblky gZ ijh_dlu k kha^Zgb_f hl^_evgh]h ^_eZ gZijbf_j \ nhjf_ jZaebqguo kh\f_klguo ij_^ijbylbc Ijbkdhj[gh gZ[ex^Zlv dZd mfbjZ_l fbn h ij_^ijbbfqb\hklb nbjfZdh\ Kdhj__ \k_]h k_]h^gy \Zf hldZ`ml \ lZdbo ^hklhbgkl\Zo Zijbhjb ;he__ \_jhylgh qlh \Zf ijbibrml lZdb_ j_ljh]jZ^kdb_ q_jlu dZd

²\ukhdbc dhgk_j\Zlbaf

²g_k_jv_agh_ hlghr_gb_ d \klj_qguf bgbpbZlb\Zf jhkiZjlg_jZ ²g_mf_gb_ \b^_lv jhkkbckdb_ i_jki_dlb\u ²kebrdhf i_^Zglbqguc mq_l aZljZl b jZkoh^h\

khljm^gbq_kl\Z ² gbadZy hi_jZlb\ghklv ]heh\guo dhglhj \ j_r_gbb \hijhkh\ \hafh`gh]h ² aZljm^g_gghklv \uoh^Z gZ \ukr__ jmdh\h^kl\h qlh km[t_dlb\gh

h[_kp_gb\Z_l rZgku ex[hc \klj_qghc bgbpbZlb\u ²g_ijbylb_ LWJ k ©\bedZfbªb g_hij_^_e_gghklyfb

Ijhlb\ ihke_^g_]h aZf_qZgby fu g_ \hajZ`Z_f b[h bf_eb jy^ bgbpbZlb\guo dhglZdlh\ \ dhlhjuo ijb\h^behkv keurZlv koh^m hl ij_^klZ\bl_e_c bghnbjf ih [hevr_c qZklb +- qbkey gZrbo khhl_q_kl\_ggbdh\ ijbf_jgh ke_^mxs__©IhdZ`bl_ gZf gZrm \u]h^m y \Zexlghf \ujZ`_gbbªBgbpbZlhjZf hklZ\Zehkv lhevdh g_^hmf_\Zlv ih ih\h^m lh]h gZ nb]Z bf lZdb_ iZjlg_ju dhlhju_ g_ agZxl j_Zebc kh[kl\_ggh]h jugdZ"Ih hklZevguf fhlb\Zf fu ihdZ g_ jZa^_ey_f g_]Zlb\gh]h IH>OH>: ohly \g_rgb_ ijbagZdb ih\_^_gby gZlmjZevguo bghnbjf bgh]^Z \_kvfZ hiZkgh [ebadb d gb`g_fm ij_^_em

©Bg^bnn_j_glgh_ hlghr_gb_ª d jhkkbckdbf aZdhgZf fh`_l jZ[hlZlv gZ jmdm eh`ghfm ij_^klZ\e_gbx iZjlg_jZ h fZg_j_ \_^_gby \Zrbo ^_e <Zf fh]ml ijbibkZlv lZdb_ g_^_eh\u_ q_jlu dZd klj_fe_gb_ \u[b\Zlv ijb\be_]bb beb ^_ckl\h\Zlv jbkdh\h ih]jZgbqgh < ex[hf kemqZ_ iZjlg_j fh`_l kbevgh i_j_aZeh`blvky g_ klhevdh gZ \Zrb \ha fh`ghklb kdhevdh gZ kh[kl\_ggu_ `_eZgby LZdb_ beexabb fh]ml [ulv \Zfb wnn_dlb\gh aZ^_ckl\h\Zgu

‡hi_jZlb\ghklv

LjZ^bpbhgghc [Zcd_ h \ukhdhc hi_jZlb\ghklb ©nbjfZdh\ª kh klhjhgu jhkiZjlg_jh\ ihoh`_ \k_ f_gvr_ \_ju Ijb wlhf fgh]b_ \ukdZau\Zxlky \ lhf ieZg_ qlh hi_jZlb\ghklv ^_ ijbkmlkl\m_l gh lhevdh©lZf aZ [m]jhfªgZ k\h_c l_jjblhjbb NbjfZd _^_l d gZf hklZ\eyy k\hx hi_jZlb\ghklv ^hfZ JmkbnbdZpby [ukljZ b \k_ih]ehsZxsZ <u fh`_l_ wlhl fhf_gl mki_rgh R[u]jZlv hklZ\b\ \Zr h[t_dl ijb _]h fg_gbb <uihegycl_ ijh_dlgu_ nmgdpbb ©k\yaZggu_ k aZjm[_`v_fª [ukljh ² b \k_ [m^_l \ ihjy^d_ ^Z`_ _keb lZdh_ ©aZjm[_`v_ª gZoh^blky \ ^_kylb fbgmlZo oh^Z hl \Zr_]h iZjlg_jZ Hg [uklj__ k\y`_l wlh k nbjfhc©lZfªg_`_eb k \Zfb a^_kv DZd fbgbfmf <Zf wlh ^Zkl \hafh`ghklv lj_[h\Zlv lZdh]h `_ hlghr_gby iZjlg_jZ

‡g_ehyevgu_ gZdehgghklb

DZd [u \u k_[y gb \_eb gh gZ^ \Zfb aZ\bkg_l ^Zfhdeh\ f_q iZjlg_jkdbo ih^haj_gbc ;m^vl_ ]hlh\u d lhfm qlh \Zk ihklhyggh [m^ml ih^haj_\Zlv \ lZdbo ]j_oZo dZd klj_fe_gb_ ©h[mlvª jhkiZjlg_jZ ohly [u b \ nhjf_ ©obsgbq_kdhcª wdkiemZlZpbb _]h g_bkdmr_gghklb Hkh[h wlh dZkZ_lky ij_keh\mlhc bgl_ee_dlmZevghc kh[kl\_gghklb JZkk_ylv lZdmx ih^hajbl_evghklv²\_kvfZ ly`dh_ aZ^Zgb_ DZd fu g_h^ghdjZlgh gZ[ex^Zeb iZjZ^hdk khklhbl \ lhf qlh q_f [he__ mki_rgh jZa\b\Z_lky kh\f_klgZy ^_yl_evghklb ² l_f [he__ ih^hajbl_evguf klZgh\blky iZjlg_j©Qlh lh [hevgh ]eZ^dh \k_ªFu gZijbf_j \ kbem wlh]h klZjZ_fky ijb^_j`b\Zlv ijh_dlgmx bgnhjfZpbx g_ dZkZxsmxky g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh iZjlg_jZ qlh[u g_ kZfhh[_kp_gb\Zlv k_[y \ _]h ]eZaZo LZd`_ g_iehoh i_j_dexqblv dhglZdlu gZ ebqgu_ hlghr_gby f_`^m h[t_dlhf b ©dhglZdlguf ebphf bghnbjfuª Jhkkbygbg [uklj__ ihcf_l jhkkbygbgZ g_`_eb ^Z`_ kZfh]h ihjy^hqgh]h bgha_fpZ Ijb wlhf aZ`bfZgb_ bgnhjfZpbb \hkijbgbfZ_lky h[t_dlhf \iheg_ ghjfZevgh <u \_^v gZ kem`[_

:L:D: IKBOBDB H;T?DL:

>ey bkdZ`_gby beb ljZgknhjfZpbb g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh qm\kl\_gghc hjb_glbjh\db h[t_dlZ \ hdjm`Zxs_c kblmZpbb qZklh ijb[_]Zxl d jZaebqguf f_lh^Zf mijZ\e_gby _]h \hkijbylb_f²i_jp_ilb\guf ZlZdZf

I_j_\h^ Z^_d\Zlgh]h \hkijbylby h[t_dlZ \ h[eZklv beexabc hkms_kl\ey_lky ZlZdhc \hkijbylby g_j_^dh \hiehsZxs_cky \ ihklZgh\dm khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h ©ki_dlZdeyª ² hi_jZlb\ghc b]ju Kmlv __ k\h^blky d lhfm qlh[u ba fZkku \g_rgbo gZ[ex^_gbc [hf[Zj^bjmxsbo h[t_dl bf [ueb Zdp_glbjh\Zgu b ijbgylv lj_[m_fu_ \Zf Wlh ^_eZ_lky ^ey khhlg_k_gby \Zr_]h h[jZaZ \ khagZgbb h[t_dlZ k lj_[m_fuf

H q_f g_h[oh^bfh ihfgblv"

<gmlj_gg__ khhlg_k_gb_ bf__l ^\hydh_ ijhy\e_gb_ ihablb\gh_ ^ey \Zk ihkdhevdm \u aZy\ey_l_ h k\hbo gZf_j_gbyo b g_]Zlb\gh_ b[h ijhreuf hiulhf h[t_dlZ \Zf Z\lhfZlbq_kdb fh]ml [ulv ijbibkZgu g_kms_kl\mxsb_ q_jlu ©AZdhg i_jp_ipbbª ij_^ibku\Z_l lZdhc oh^ hihagZgby kgZqZeZ h[s__ b ^bnnmagh_ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ aZl_f ^_lZeb b ih^jh[ghklb <Zr h[jZa [m^_l ljZgknhjfbjh\Zg ^ey ijb\_^_gby _]h d lhfm \b^m dhlhjuc [m^_l ijb]h^_g ^ey ijbgylby h[t_dlhf Ba wlh]h ke_^m_l h^bg ijhklhc ihe_aguc \u\h^ g_ ki_rbl_ imlZlv dZjlu gZ jZggbo wlZiZo ihkljh_gby \aZbfhhlghr_gbc <u[jZeb ebgbx \ha^_ckl\by ² jZ[hlZcl_ \ g_c [_a hldehg_gbc

KljmdlmjZ mklZgh\db \dexqZ_l ljb dhfihg_glZ

²dh]gblb\guc

hkhagZgb_ h[t_dlZ \Zk \Zr_]h ^_eZ b \k_]h k wlbf k\yaZggh]h

²Znn_dlb\guc wfhpbhgZevgZy hi_gdZ lh]h `_

²ih\_^_gq_kdbc

aZimkd kZfhj_]meypbhggh]h ih\_^_gby h[t_dlZ \dexqZy aZsblgu_ b ijbkihkh[bl_evgu_ kl_j_hlbiu ih\_^_gby

Wlh agZqbl qlh \k_ ljb fhf_glZ ^he`gu jZ[hlZlv b \hl dZdbf h[jZahf

<u ^he`gu [ulv ihl_gpbZevgh magZ\Z_fu h[t_dlhf ?keb \u k\Zebl_kv _fm gZ ]heh\m \ h[jZa_ ijbr_evpZ gZ\jy^ eb hg ihcf_l dZd _fm k \Zfb k_[y \_klb B^_glbnbdZpby² hlh`^_kl\e_gb_ h[t_dlZ k \Zfb ihgbfZgb_ b bgl_jij_lZpby \Zr_]h ih\_^_gby ^he`gu khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv hiulm h[t_dlZ

J_ne_dkby h[t_lZ \ j_amevlZl_ dhlhjhc hg ihgbfZ_l \Zk iml_f ihkljh_gby jZafure_gbc hl \Zr_]h bf_gb aZ^_ckl\m_lky ijb mkeh\bb kgZ[`_gby h[t_dlZ ijbf_jZfb JZafureycl_ \kemo b l_f kZfuf \u mkdhjbl_ ijhp_kk _]h h[mq_gby \Zr_fm h[jZam fure_gby

AZ^_ckl\h\Zlv wfhpbhgZevgmx kn_jm h[t_dlZ gZijbf_j _]h khi_j_`b\Zgb_ \Zf ² wfiZlbx fh`gh lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z \u kbkl_fZlbq_kdb ^_fhgkljbjm_l_ k\hb qm\kl\Z Ijbhldjhcl_ fbj k\hbo wfhpbc b i_j_`b\Zgbc ^Z`_ _keb hgb g_ l_ aZ dhb \u bo \u^Z_l_

WdkiemZlbjmcl_ kl_j_hlbibaZpbx MijZ\eycl_ k\hbf ^\b`_gb_f gZ imlb ihiZ^Zgby \ lm beb bgmx gbrm oZjZdl_jbklbd khpbZevghc ]jmiiu

Ih kbe_ j_Zdpbb b ]em[bg_ \uau\Z_fuo j_Zdpbc ikbohZlZdZ ih ebgbb mklZgh\hd h]jZgbqb\Z_lky hi_jZlb\gh lZdlbq_kdbfb p_eyfb G_ j_dhf_g^m_lky ^_eZlv mihj gZ ^he]hkjhqgu_ kljZl_]bq_kdb_ p_eb lj_[mxsb_ ]em[hdbo i_j_kljh_d ikbobdb h[t_dlZ

NHJFBJH<:GB? I?J<H=H <I?Q:LE?GBY H K?;?

JZkkfhljbf gZb[he__ hl\_lkl\_gguc b ijhklhc fhf_gl aZljZ]b\Zxsbc qm`b_ mklZgh\db b \iheg_ khhl\_lkl\mxsbc ba\_klghfm \ujZ`_gbx ©Ih h^_`d_ \klj_qZxlª A^_kv mf_klgh dhkgmlvky lZdbo ihgylbc dZd ©jZ[hqbc bfb^`ª ©klZg^ZjlgZy Znn_dlb\gh i_jp_ilb\gZy j_ZdpbyªK:IJ b ©Zc klhii_jª

Bfb^` ² wlh \Zr_ ebph h[jZa \i_qZle_gb_ dhlhjh_ \u ijhba\h^bl_ gZ hdjm`Zxsbo < h[s_f \b^_ hg kdeZ^u\Z_lky ba \Zr_]h \g_rg_]h h[ebdZ hl bkihevam_fuo \Zfb j_d\bablh\ b Zdk_kkmZjh\ hl fZg_ju \Zr_c j_qb hl \Zr_c ieZklbdb b l^ DZ`^uc hi_jZlb\gbd bf__l dZd ijZ\beh g_kdhevdh klZg^Zjlguo bfb^`_c khhl\_lkl\mxsbo jZaebqguf ebqbgZf b hi_jZlb\ghc kj_^_ _]h jZ[hlu

KlZg^ZjlgZy Znn_dlb\gh i_jp_ilb\gZy j_Zdpby ² K:IJ ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc kl_j_hlbi \hkijbylby q_eh\_dhf gh\h]h ebpZ Ijbf_gbl_evgh d gZr_fm jZa]h\hjm bf__l i_j\hklZl_cgmx p_gghklv wfhpbhgZevgZy j_Zdpby LUD \Zk K:IJ \ hi_jZlb\ghc jZ[hl_ bkihevam_lky ih\k_f_klgh dh]^Z j_qv b^_l h aZ\yau\Zgbb gh\h]h dhglZdlZ <ZrZ p_ev m]Z^Zlv j_Zdpbx b iheghklvx ku]jZlv gZ g_c Qlh[u wlh]h emqr_ ^h[blvky ijb[_]Zxl d lZd gZau\Z_fuf ©Zc klhii_jZfª $& ² ki_pbnbq_kdbf Zm^bh \bamZevguf jZa^jZ`bl_eyf qv_ \ha^_ckl\b_ hjb_glbjh\Zgh ih [hevr_c qZklb gZ h[eZklv qm\kl\_ggh]h ih^khagZl_evgh]h \hkijbylby :\lhjZf wlbo kljhd ijboh^behkv ijbgbfZlv mqZklb_ \ ki_pbZevguo jZajZ[hldZo ^Zggh]h \hijhkZ \uiheg_gguo ^ey gm`^ F<> KKKJ Kh \k_c hl\_lkl\_gghklvx fh`_f ml\_j`^Zlv qlh jhev K:IJ b :K dZd kj_^kl\Z dhffmgbdZpbb \ djbfbgZevghf fbj_ jZ\ghp_ggh \_j[Zevguf kj_^kl\Zf h[s_gby qlh lhevdh ebrgbc jZa ih^q_jdb\Z_l \Z`ghklv ijbf_g_gby lZdbo wnn_dlb\guo dhffmgbdZlb\guo kj_^kl\ \ hi_jZlb\ghc jZ[hl_

=h\hjy h :K b K:IJ fu bf__f \ \b^m ijbf_jgh ke_^mxs__

Ijb jZ[hl_ k `_gkdbf hnbpbZevguf dhee_dlb\hf \ mkeh\byo dh]^Z \u ij_^klZ\bebkv khljm^gbdhf ^_l_dlb\gh]h Z]_glkl\Z b ij_^ty\beb ©kem`_[gh_ m^hklh\_j_gb_ª g_h[oh^bfuc wnn_dl ijhba\h^bl j_f_gv hl gZ]jm^ghc dh[mju <u m\b^bl_ dbd ijbdh\ZggZy d g_fm \a]ey^hf Zm^blhjby [m^_l hl\_qZlv gZ \k_ \Zrb \hijhku kjZam `_ b [_a aZibgdb J_dhf_g^m_lky g_cljZevgZy fZg_jZ j_qb ijb q_ldh nhjfmebjm_fuo \hijhkZo b dhjhldbo njZaZo MklZgh\dZ mklhcqb\Z < ^Zevg_cr_f \Zk [m^ml ihfgblv b [_a ihjlmi_b b [_a jm[e_gguo njZa Ih \k_c \b^bfhklb wlh _^bgkl\_ggh_ ihe_agh_ dZq_kl\h ^_l_dlb\guo Zljb[mlh\ J kbkl_fu

;_eZy khjhqdZ \ mkeh\byo \Zrbo h]jZgbq_gguo nbgZgkh\uo kj_^kl\ kihkh[gZ aZf_gblv jhkdhrguc dhklxf G_fgh]b_ jZa[bjZxlky \ lhgdhklyo fh^u fm`kdhc \_jog_c h^_`^u h^gZdh [_euc fhghojhf jZ[h lZ_l gZ \k_o ?keb d lhfm `_ khjhqdZ r_edh\Zy k oZjZdl_jguo kbyxsbf [e_kdhf ² [m^vl_ m\_j_gu qlh \ bkdmkkl\_gghf hk\_s_gbb hgZ nbdkbjm_lky \k_]^Z b ihklhyggh Wlh fh`_l ihfhqv \Zf g_ lhevdh ij_h^he_lv jZaebqgu_ Z^fbgbkljZlb\gu_ [Zjv_ju \ \b^_ lmih\Zluo hojZggbdh\ b k_dj_lZj_c gh b kbevgh jZ[hlZ_l gZ baukdZggh©^_eh\hcªbfb^` ijb d_^_ gbb i_j_]h\hjh\

DZd bfb^` b mklZgh\dZ k\yaZgu >jm] k ^jm]hf" G_kdhevdh ijhkluo ijZ\be dZd khjb_glbjh\Zlv bfb^` gZ jZ[hqb_ mklZgh\db \Zrbo h[t_dlh\

ijZ\beh i_j\h_ g_ ^himkdZ_lky g_khhl\_lkl\b_ bfb^`Z hi_jZlb\ghc kj_^_ ?keb \u jZ[hlZ_l_ k

i_jkhgZehf klZe_ebl_cgh]h p_oZ ² g_q_]h s_]heylv dhklxfZfb ©hl DZj^_gZª hlk\_qb\Zlv aZihgdZfb b baukdZggufb fZg_jZfb²mklZgh\dZ jZ[hqbo [m^_l g_ \ \Zrm ihevam >ey jZ[hlu k

^_nhjfbjh\Zggh]h ihkljh_gby \Zr_]h h[jZaZ Hq_gv [ukljh \u ihqm\kl\m_l_ \kx ij_e_klv lZdhc kbkl_fZlbq_kdb jZkdjmqb\Z_fhc hrb[db LZdbf h[jZahf kha^Zgb_ bfb^`Z ^he`gh b^lb ih imlb mijZ\e_gby \gbfZgb_f h[t_dlZ ^ey q_]h g_h[oh^bfh lhqgh agZlv gZ qlh hg _]h h[jZsZ_l \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v Bkke_^mcl_ K:IJ k\h_]h h[t_dlZ ^h ihkljh_gby bfb^`Z Dlh lh h[jZsZ_l \gbfZgb_ dZd q_eh\_d \u[jbl dh]h lh [he__ bgl_j_kmxl ZjhfZlu g_dhlhju_ ij_^ihqblZxl \hkijbgbfZlv mrZfb

‡hj_he wnn_dl

²h[s__ hp_ghqgh_ \i_qZle_gb_ kljhblky gZ [Za_ ijbkljZklguo hp_ghd \hkijbylby \Zrbo ihklmidh\ b ebqghklguo dZq_kl\ nhjfbjm_fuo \ i_j \u_

k_fv^_kyl k_dmg^ h[s_gby

Bkihevamcl_ hj_he wnn_dl ^ey q_]h \Zr khevguc \uoh^ i_j_^ h[t_dlhf ^he`_g [ulv ^_lZevgh hlj_i_lbjh\Zg j_ijbau hlrebnh\Zgu©iZªihklZ\e_gu <k_]h k_fv^_kyl k_dmg^ rhm ]ZjZglbjmxl \Zf mki_o beb ijh\Ze ?keb \u kjZam aZo\Zlbeb \gbfZgb_ h[t_dlZ kha^Zeb mkeh\by ih^oh^ys_]h ijhy\e_gby k\h_x bfb^`Z²\u klZgh\bl_kv ghkbl_e_f iheh`bl_evgh]h hj_heZ b \ ^Zevg_cr_f \k_ \Zr_ ih\_^_gb_ [m^_l i_j_hp_gb\Zlvky \ iheh`bl_evgmx klhjhgm g_]Zlb\gu_ fhf_glu [m^ml b]ghjbjh\Zgu =bi_jljhnbjh\Zggh_ \gbfZgb_ [m^_l kh^_ckl\h\Zlv \Zr_fm ijh\Zem \ kemqZ_ nhjfbjh\Zgby g_]Zlb\gh]h i_j\h]h \i_qZle_gby ² hljbpZl_evgh]h hj_heZ ;_a mijZ\e_gby \gbfZgb_f h[t_dlZ fh`gh \h\k_ g_ aZ^mfu\Zlvky gb h lhf dZd \Zf \u]ey^_lv gb dZd b aZq_f `blv ^Zevr_

ijbagZd jZ[hlhkihkh[gh]h bfb^`Z h[t_dl ^he`_g ohlv jZa ijhdhehltky gZ ebqghf bgl_j_k_ d ihke_^gbf kh[ulbyf \Zr_]h [ulby

Wlh bf__l q_ldh_ eh]bdh ikboheh]bq_kdh_ h[hkgh\Zgb_ \ ^_lZeb dhlhjh]h fu k_cqZk \^Z\Zlvky g_ klZg_f

:]kgl ih^kZ^dZ [_amki_rgh ijh[b\Zeky d bgl_j_kmxs_fm i_jkhgZ`m ;_a^_ckl\b_ ijh^he`Zehkv ^h l_o ihj ihdZ h^gZ`^u h[t_dl g_ \udZaZe lh]h qlh fu lZd `^Zeb ² ijbagZdh\ mk\h_ggh]h bfb^`Z Z]_glZ ebqgh]h bgl_j_kZ d gh\uf jZ[hlZf Z]_glZ K wlh]h fhf_glZ hi_jZlb\gZy jZajZ[hldZ h[t_dlZ klZeZ \k_ [he__ b [he__ gZihegylvky ^he`guf kh^_j`Zgb_f

DHJJ?DPBY QM@HC MKL:GH<DB

?keb \u \b^bl_ qlh \Zf mki_rgh gZde_beb yjeud dhlhjuc gbdZd <Zk g_ mkljZb\Z_l ih hi_jZlb\guf khh[jZ`_gbyf ebqgh_ fu ^h]h\hjbebkv g_ [jZlv \h \gbfZgb_ bkihevamcl_ lZdb_ ijb_fu

‡ijb_f©g_h`b^Zgghklvª

Ih^imklbl_ \ k\h_ ih\_^_gb_ g_fgh]h we_f_glh\ g_ij_^kdZam_fhklb²ijh\_^bl_ fZkkbjh\Zggmx [hf[Zj^bjh\dm ikbobdb h[t_dlZ k p_evx jZafu\Zgby _]h mklZgh\hd Imlb \ha^_ckl\by \u[bjZcl_ lZdb_ dZdb_ \Zf m^h[gu hl baf_g_gby \g_rghklb iZglhfbfbdb b j_qb ^h \uiheg_gby g_k\hckl\_gguo ihklmidh\ GZijbf_j hi_jZlb\gbd klj_fysbcky k]eZ^blv \i_qZle_gby ©djmlh]h iZjgyª fh`_l gZ ]eZaZo h[t_dlZ g_\agZqZc h[jhgblv ba ©^biehfZlZª ]hfbd klboh\ beb ^_lkdmx dgb`dm G_iehohc wnn_dl fh]ml ^Zlv aZdexqbl_evgu_ keh\Z [_k_^u ² k\h_h[jZagu_ ^hfZrgb_ aZ]hlh\db kh\_jr_ggh g_ k\hckl\_ggu_ \Zr_c ij_`g_c j_qb Dhgph\dZ [_k_^u aZihfbgZ_lky G_kdhevdh fy]dbo bgl_eeb]_glguo njZa \h\j_fy b g_gZ\yaqb\h ijha\mqZ\rb_ \ dhgp_ [_k_^u fh]ml kbevgh kfy]qblv bfb^` :gZeh]bqgh jZ[hlZxl m`_klhqZxsb_ bfb^` ijhp_^mju Bgh]^Z ^hklZlhqgh f_ehqb kdZ`_f ihke_ dhjj_dlgh]h h[km`^_gby ijhklmidZ iZjlg_jZ dh]^Z hg ihqlb m\_jh\Ze qlh \u² ©fy]dbcª\u gZ ijhsZgb_ kgbfZ_l_ hqdb b fheqZ kfhljbl_ _fm \ ]eZaZ k_dmg^ iylgZ^pZlv Fh`_l_ ^h[Z\blv qlh gb[m^v lbiZ©Gm gmª jZa\_jgmlvky b mclb G_ khfg_\Z_fky qlh \Zr h[t_dl g_ lhevdh [m^_l lZjZsblvky \Zf \ke_^ gh b ehfZlv ]heh\m \ihke_^kl\bb ih ih\h^m \Zr_]h ih\_^_gby =ZjZglbjm_f khhl\_lkl\mxs__ gZkljh_gb_ b i_j_kfhlj mklZgh\db \ klhjhgm mkbe_gby ©g_]Zlb\dbª

‡ijb_f©iZjZ^hdkZevgh]h ih\_^_gbyª

K\h^blky d lhfm qlh[u g_kdhevdbfb kbevgufb ih\_^_gq_kdbfb oh^Zfb jZajmrblv g_`_eZl_evgmx mklZgh\dm GZijbf_j _keb \Zk kqblZxl ijhklh jy^h\hc i_rdhc Z \Zf g_h[oh^bfh \i_qZle_gb_ [he__ \ukhdh]h klZlmkZ fh`_l_ \ ijbkmlkl\bb h[t_dlZ gZ[jZlv ©ghf_j deb_glZªb hlqblZlv _]h aZ dZdmx gb[m^v f_edmx hiehrghklv Kh\k_f g_ h[yaZl_evgh

qlh[u gZ lhf dhgp_ ijh\h^Z ^_ckl\bl_evgh dlh lh [ue GZb[he__ yjdh ijbf_g_gb_ iZjZ^hdkZevgh]h ih\_^_gby ba\_klgh ih^ gZa\Zgb_f ©<heqvy aZrblZª Ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc \_kvfZ jbkdh\uc gh hq_gv wnn_dlb\guc lbi fZgbimebjh\Zgby d dhlhjhfm h[uqgh ijb[_]Zxl dZd d ihke_^g_fm kj_^kl\m ^ey hl[b\Zgby ZlZd \ dhgnebdlguo kblmZpbyo GZa\Zgb_ ijbreh bw ahhikboheh]bb b \ lhqghklb khhl\_lkl\m_l ih\_^_gbx \hedZ \ kblmZpbb iheghc g_\hafh`ghklb ijh^he`_gby [hjv[u k [he__ kbevguf khi_jgbdhf <hed \Zeblky gZ kibgm ih^klZ\eyy ih^ deudb gZiZ^Zxs_fm kZfh_ mya\bfh_ f_klh ² `b\hl :lZdZ aZoe_[u\Z_lky b[h mklZgh\dZ gZ m[hc bkkydZ_lDeb_gl h[jZlbeky d gZf h[gZjm`b\ ih\ur_gguc bgl_j_k d k_[_ h^gh]h g_ijbylghx i_jkhgZ`Z Bf_y aZ ie_qZfb \_kvfZ bajy^guc ^he`hd _]h [_kihdhbeb \hafh`gu_ ijb]hlh\e_gby j_ij_kkbc Ijh\_^_ggu_ gZfb hi_jZlb\gu_ f_jhijbylby ih^l\_j^beb hiZk_gby ² lmqb gZ^ ]heh\hc deb_glZ k]msZebkv Qlh ^_eZlv" Ihke_ ^ebl_evguo i_j_kfhljh\ \k_o \hafh`guo oh^h\ fu hklZgh\bebkv gZ ©\heqv_c aZsbl_ª dZd _^bgkl\_ggh ijb_fe_fhf \ZjbZgl_ Gbq_f g_ \u^Z\Zy k\h_c bgnhjfbjh\Zgghklb h lhf qlh hg©ih^ dheiZdhfªdeb_gl ih\_e ^_eh lZdbf h[jZahf qlh[u iheghklvx baf_gblv \hkijbylb_ k\h_]h ih\_^_gby ZlZdmxs_c klhjhghc MKEH<GH ]h\hjy hg \g_k kh\_jr_ggh g_h`b^Zggu_ we_f_glu ^_ahj]Zgbamxsb_ _]h ij_ke_^h\Zl_e_c AZl_f ih ijhr_kl\bb g_kdhevdbo ^g_c kZf gZg_k \babl dhlhjh]h ^h g_^Z\g_]h \j_f_gb lZd hiZkZeky Lh qlh hg ]h\hjbe b ^_eZe reh kh\_jr_ggh \jZaj_a bf_\r_fky mklZgh\dZf <heqvy aZsblZ kjZ[hlZeZ qlh b hljZabehkv \k_]h \ q_l\_jlv ba ieZgbjm_fuo deb_glhf ihl_jv

‡ijb_f©ml_qdZ bgnhjfZpbbª

Ijb jZa]h\hj_ ih l_e_nhgm \ ijbkmlkl\bb h[t_dlZ fh`gh ih^imklblv g_fgh]h \u]h^gh \Zk jbkmxs_c dhff_jq_kdhc bgnhjfZpbb lbiZ

©IeZl_` hl 111 ijbr_e" <k_]h r_klvkhl [Zdkh\" Wlh aZ p_euc fhc jZ[hqbc ^_gv" Y ijb_^m jZa[bjZlvky ² lZd bf b i_j_^Zcl_ : \_jg__ kdZ`bl_ qlh lZd y fh]m [hevr_ \h\k_ g_ ijb_oZlv ;eZ]h^Zjx \Zkª>\Z aZf_qZgby d bkihevah\Zgbx f_lh^h\

² g_ i_j_]gbl_ iZedm qlh[u \Zk g_ aZih^hajbeb \ y\ghc ihiuld_ fZgbimebjh\Zgby eb[h g_ihql_gby d k\h_fm deb_glm

² bf_cl_ \ \b^m qlh \Zr h[t_dl fh`_l lml `_ ijh\_jblv \Zk i_j_a\hgb\ ©ohaybgmª Qlh[u g_ ijhbahr_e dZamk h^bg gZr khljm^gbd h[uqgh ihklmiZ_l lZd ihke_ ih^h[gh]h ©g_ihqlbl_evgh]hª h[jZs_gby k ohaybghf \b^y g_^hmf_gb_ gZ ebp_ h[t_dlZ ijhly]b\Z_l _fm ljm[dm k\h_]h jZ^bhl_e_nhgZª ;m^_rv ]h\hjblv"ªIhdZ gb jZam \ ih^h[ghc kblmZpbb gbdlh wlh]h g_ aZohl_e ?keb \u jZa]h\Zjb\Z_l_ k jZ[hq_]h l_e_nhgZ k\h_]h h[t_dlZ \hafh`gZ l_dmsZy aZibkv i_j_]h\hjh\ eb[h ijhkemrb\Zgb_ k_dj_lZj_f k iZjZee_evgh]h ijh\h^Z eb[h khojZg_gb_ ihke_^g_]h gZ[jZggh]h ghf_jZ \ j_]bklj_ iZfylb l_e_nhggh]h ZiiZjZlZ Ihk_fm [m^_l emqr_ _keb \u khhl\_lkl\mxsbf h[jZahf ih^kljZom_l_kv

‡f_lh^©ih^dexq_gby h[t_dlZª

Ih^dexq_gb_ dZd h^bg ba gZb[he__ ihdZaZl_evguo f_oZgbafh\ h[jZ[hldb mklZgh\hd iZjlg_jZ bkihevam_lky gZ gZqZevguo ihjZo \aZbfh^_ckl\by b kem`bl \ hkgh\ghf kj_^kl\hf ^hklb`_gby hi_jZlb\gh lZdlbq_kdbo p_e_c gZijbf_j lZdbo dZd ijh^\b`_gbb \ khagZgb_ h[t_dlZ klZjlh\uo b^_c ^ey aZ\yau\Zgby khljm^gbq_kl\Z ?keb \Zf g_ m^Zklky ijh[blvky kd\hav aZkehgu mklZgh\hd ikbobdb h[t_dlZ _keb fhsguc ieZkl aZklhyehc ikbobdb g_ [m^_l \kdheuogml \Zrb b^_b ohlv ljb`^u ]_gbZevgu_ ijhc^ml fbfh Wlm p_ev dZd ijZ\beh b ij_ke_^mxl b hi_jZpbyo fZgbimebjh\Zgby ih^dexqZy h[t_dl d gm`guf \Zf b^_yf

J L?OGH

<g_^j_gb_

Qlh[u b^_b gZqZeb jZ[hlZlv \ qm`hf khagZgbb \Zf ihlj_[m_lky k^_eZlv lZd qlh[u ij_^f_l \Zrbo bgbpbZlb\ [ue ij_h[jZah\Zg h[t_dlhf \ ijhp_kk_ _]h fukebl_evghc ^_yl_evghklb Kihkh[h\ ijZdlbq_kdh]h \hiehs_gby ^\Z \h i_j\uo \u fh`_l_ aZ^_ckl\h\Zlv ijhreuc hiul h[t_dlZ gZijbf_j _keb ba bf_xs_cky m \Zk hi_jZlb\ghc bgnhjfZpbb ke_^m_l qlh \Zr h[t_dl kZfhklhyl_evgh b _s_ emqr_ bgbpbZlb\gh aZgbfZeky g_qlh ih^h[guf lhfm qlh \u _fm ohlbl_ ij_^eh`blv <lhjhc imlv ©ih^dexq_gbyª kljhblky ih ebgbb kblmZlb\gh]h \aZbfh^_ckl\by \u aZjy`Z_l_ h[t_dl gZ kh\f_klgh_ h[^mfu\Zgb_ ZgZeba b jZa[hj \Zr_c bgbpbZlb\u b __ ^_lZe_c Hl \Zk lj_[m_lky lZd ihkljhblv ih\_^_gb_ qlh[u \lygmlv h[t_dl \ mfkl\_ggmx ^_yl_evghklv hlghkbl_evgh \Zrbo b^_c

Dhgljhev

FZdkbfZevguc wnn_dl ^hklb]Z_lky lZf ]^_ ihke_ \Zr_]h \bablZ h[t_dl ijh^he`Z_l ^hfukeb\Zlv \Zrb b^_b kZfhklhyl_evgh l\hjq_kdb bo i_j_jZ[Zlu\Zy qlh ijh\_jy_lky \_kvfZ ijhklh dhgljhevgufb dhglZdlZfb a\hgdZfb ihk_s_gb_f [_k_^Zfb gZ g_k\yaZggu_ l_fu ?keb \u jZa[m^beb bgl_j_k ² hg k_[y ijhy\bl ?keb \u ©ih^dexq_gb_ª ijh\Zebehkv²wlh lZd`_ [m^_l \b^gh

Ihkdhevdm ^_eh ij_^mkfZljb\Zeh iZjlg_jkl\h bkdexqbl_eux aZ kq_l iZjlg_jZ\hiehsZeZkv kljZl_]by iZjZee_evghc ^_yl_evghklb g_h[oh^bfh [ueh ih\_jgmlv _]h lZd qlh[u h[t_dl kZfhklhyl_evgh bgbpbbjh\Ze gZ^\h^gmx qZklv Zck[_j]Z JZkq_l aZdexqZeky \ lhf qlh[u aZimklb\ ih^h[gu_ jZ[hlu g_\hafh`gu_ [_a mqZklby gZr_]h deb_glZ h[_ki_qblv deb_glm ^hklmi d g_h[oh^bfuf j_kmjkZf iZjlg_jZ ^ey jZa\_jlu\Zgby ih^\h^ghc qZklb ijh_dlZ Ih^dexq_gb_ [ueh \uiheg_gh \ lhqghf khhl\_lkl\bb k \ur_hibkZgghc l_ogheh]b_c Fu m[_^bebkv qlh kblmZpby baf_gbeZkv k l_o ihj dZd gZr h[t_dl iulZeky \hiehlblv ih^h[guc ijh_dl kZfhklhyl_evgh qlh _fm ebqgh hg ^h kbo ihj g_[_ajZaebq_g AZl_f mkbeby [ueb kdhgp_gljbjh\Zgu \hdjm] g_]Zlb\ghc mklZgh\db h[t_dlZ d ^Zgghc l_f_ GZqZ\ k ijh[e_f b f_lh^h\ jbkdheh]bb [bag_kZ fu ©kemqZcghª \u[jZeb \ dZq_kl\_ hihjghc kblmZpbb \ZjbZgl ©ijhdheZª h[t_dlZ gZ bgl_j_kmxs_f gZk ^_e_ <uihegyy jbkdheh]bx ^ey baf_gb\r_cky ^_ckl\bl_evghklb h[t_dl kZfhklhyl_evgh ih^hr_e d fukeb h lhf qlh \ k_]h^gyrgbo mkeh\byo \k_ fh]eh [u [ulv kh\k_f bgZq_² g_]Zlb\gZy mklZgh\dZ [ueZ bf kZfhklhyl_evgh jZkk_ygZ Fu \^hogmeb gh\h_ a\mqZgb_ \ bf_\rb_ky iheh`bl_evgu_ mklZgh\db ih^l\_j^b\ bo khklhyl_evghklv ^hdmf_glZevgh < aZdexq_gbb pbdeZ kh[_k_^h\Zgbc g_gZ\yaqb\h [ueZ ih^\_r_gZ fhjdh\dZ h[ mgbdZevguo \hafh`ghklyo ©h^gh]h gZr_]h ^jm]Zª J_r_gb_ \u[jZ`b\Zeh ijbf_jgh ^\Z k iheh\bghc f_kypZ dhlhju_ h[t_dl ijh\_e \ jZa^mfvyo [_a gZr_]h y\gh]h ijbkmlkl\by H _]h \gmlj_ggbo ijhp_kkZo fu fh]eb km^blv lhevdh ih dhgljhevguf dhglZdlZf GZdhg_p dh]^Z ijbagZlvky ih ijZ\^_ fu m`_ aZkhfg_\Zebkv \k_ eb b^_l dZd gZ^h"ij_^eh`_gb_ [ueh knhjfmebjh\Zgh b \ukdZaZgh

‡ijb_f jZ[hlu k wdki_dlZpbyfb©ihklZgh\dZª

Ikbohh`b^Zgb_ wdki_dlZpby dZd ijhp_kk ijhb]ju\Zgb_ \ khagZgbb j_amevlZlZ ^_yl_evghklb \k_]^Z k\yaZg k wfhpbhgZevguf khi_j_`b\Zgb_f h`b^Z_fh]h kh[ulby DZd ex[h_ ij_^\dmr_gb_ hgh fh`_l [ulv kbevg__ g_ihkj_^kl\_gguo j_Zdpbc ijb gZklmie_gbb j_Zevgh]h kh[ulby Qlh b bkihevam_lky \h i_j\uo dZd kj_^kl\h ijhnbeZdlbdb g_^h\hevkl\Z b jZahqZjh\Zgbb iZjlg_jZ b \h \lhjuo dZd fhsg_crbc juqZ] fZgbimebjh\Zgby _]h ih\_^_gb_f Ijb\_^_f ijbf_j jZkijhkljZg_gghc ©ghjfZlb\gh ^_eh\hcª ko_fu ihdmidb fZehc iZjlbb lh\ZjZ kh kdb^dhc dZd gZ [hevrmx LZdh_ fZgbimebjh\Zgb_ hibjZ_lky gZ wdki_dlZbbx ijh^Z\pZ \b^ys_]h \ ihdmiZl_e_ k_jv_agh]h hilh\h]h deb_glZ ?kl_kl\_ggh qlh kZf ihdmiZl_ev g_ lhevdh g_ klj_fblky jZkk_ylv beexabb gh gZijhlb\ mihjgh bf ihl\hjkl\m_l JZ[hlZ k wdki_dlZpbyfb bah[bem_l b [he__ baukdZggufb oh^Zfb gZijbf_j lZdbfb dZd ©ihklZgh\dZª lZd`_ ba\_klgZy ih^ gZa\Zgb_f©ki_dlZdeyª

G_dlh bgbpbbjmy ^_eh bs_l QZSlgHSD gZ \uiheg_gb_ kdZ`_f lZd mgbdZevghc

hi_jZpbb IZjlg_j gZoh^blky G_ [m^mqb gZ ^_e_ khklhyl_evguf gh aZbgl_j_kh\Zgguc nbgZgkh\hc klhjhghc ij_^eh`_gby hg ijb[_]Z_l d ihklZgh\d_ ©ki_dlZdeyª hjb_glbjh\Zggh]h \ i_j\mx hq_j_^v gZ aZ^_ckl\h\Zgb_ wdki_dlZpbb bgbpbZlhjZ < ij_^\Zjbl_evguo [_k_^Zo k bgbpbZlhjZfb hklhjh`gh \usmiu\Zxlky b^_Zevgu_ ij_^klZ\e_gby bgbpbZlhjh\ h kihkh[_ b nhjf_ \uiheg_gby lj_[m_fhc bf hi_jZpbb Hkh[h_ \gbfZgb_ dhgljhex kh klhjhgu bgbpbZlhjZ DZd lhevdh iZjlg_j m[_`^Z_lky \ _]h g_\hafh`ghklb hg ©klZ\bl ki_dlZdevª < l_q_gb_ h^ghc ba [_k_^ aZy\ey_lky _]h ©f_g_^`_juª ydh[u k i_j_]h\hjh\ k g_ihkj_^kl\_ggufb bkihegbl_eyfb b \ f_evqZcrbo ih^jh[ghklyo hibku\Zy l_dmsmx kblmZpbx g_ihkj_^kl\_gguo bkihegbl_e_c ih^jh[gh ^hdeZ^u\Zxl dZd b qlh [m^_l ^_eZlvky ih ^_em M bgbpbZlhjZ g_ hklZ_lky gb l_gb khfg_gby qlh \k_ [m^_l \uiheg_gh bf_ggh lfk oZd hg b ohq_l GZ kZfhf `_ ^_e_

²hg ijhklh \b^bl k\hb kh[kl\_ggu_ ]j_au \ qm`hf bkiheg_gbb

JZ[hlZ k wdki_dlZpbyfb hibjZ_lky gZ ij_^\hkobs_gb_ h[t_dlhf \_jhylghklb gZklmie_gby `_eZl_evgh]h kh[ulby Q_f kbevg__ fhlb\Zpby l_f [he__ dh\ZjgZ jhev _]h gZ^_`^u b[h hgZ dZd ba\_klgh mfbjZ_l ihke_^g_c iha\heyy q_eh\_dm ij_[u\Zlv \ ie_gm ]j_a ^Z`_ lh]^Z dh]^Z \g_rgbo ijbagZdh\ m`_ g_ hklZ_lky

>jm]hc njZ]f_gl ^_eZ ijb\_^_ggh]h \ur_ ijbf_jZ >Z`_ dh]^Z blh]b ijh\_jgmlhc hi_jZpbb ihdZaZeb ihjhqghklv b g_khklhyl_evghklv iZjlg_jZ hg ijb[_]Z_l d wdkikdlZir`ghc f_oZgbd_ _s_ jZa Ihkdhevdm ij_^\hkobs_gb_ g_k_l bg^b\b^mZevgu_ l_jlu fZgbimeylhj aZ^_ckl\m_l wlhl nZdl ljZdlmy kh[kl\_ggmx g_khklhyl_evghklv dZd ba^_j`db \hh[jZ`_gby iZjlg_jZ Ijb wlhf mf_eh b]jZy gZ kha^Zgghc beexabb kh[kl\_gghc agZqbfhklb ij_\haghkbl k_[y ^ey ^Zevg_crbo dhglZdlh\ DZd gb kljZggh gZ\_jgh_ ^ey qblZxsbo wlb kljhdb gh \ ^Zevg_crbo \aZbfhhlghr_gbyo ihl_ji_\rZy klhjhgZ aZ ijhdhe \bgbl bf_ggh k_[y ih ij_`g_fm ij_[u\Zy \h \eZklb kh[kl\_gguo beexabc

H[jZlbl_ \gbfZgb_ \ wlbo ijbf_jZo gZ ^\hckl\_gghklv wdki_dlZpbc k h^ghc klhjhgu hgZ ij_^hij_^_ey_l ijZ\h lj_[h\Zlv ih\_^_gby khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h ijbgylhc bf jheb k ^jm]hc²h[yau\Z_l khhl\_lkl\h\Zlv h`b^Zgbyf ^jm]bo

‡ ©Hi_jZlb\guc Zllblx^ª

<ha^_ckl\b_ gZ khpbZevgu_ mklZgh\db h[t_dlZ©Zllblx^ª ih^jZamf_\Z_l kh[hc Zi_eeypbx d bf_xsbfky \ khagZgbb h[t_dlZ kdehgghklyf fg_gbyf b hlghr_gbyf d hij_^_e_gguf khpbZevguf ]jmiiZf Km[t_dlb\gZy hjb_glZpby q_eh\_dZ gZ l_ beb bgu_ khpbZevgu_ p_gghklb ij_^ibku\Z_l q_eh\_dm hij_^_e_ggu_ kihkh[u ih\_^_gby :llblx^ kem`bl hkgh\hc ba[bjZl_evghc Zdlb\ghklb h[t_dlZ b \ujZ`Z_lky \ _]h ]hlh\ghklb \hkijbgbfZlv gZklhys__ b [m^ms__ \ hij_^_e_gghf jZdmjk_ \_kvfZ qZklh hlebqguf hl j_Zevgh]h Ijb wlhf gZijZ\e_gghklv ex[uo ijhy\e_gbc ikbobdb b ih\_^_gby ijhy\ey_lky lh]^Z dh]^Z \u kfh]eb kdhgkljmbjh\Zlv ih^oh^ysmx kblmZpbx m^h\e_l\hjyxsmx ihlj_[ghklb q_eh\_dZ b bgbpbbjmxsbf \ebygby _]h mklZgh\hd Ki_dlj hkhagZ\Z_fuo b g_hkhagZ\Z_fuo ikbobq_kdbo ^_ckl\bc b ihklmidh\ j_]mebjm_fuc mklZgh\dZfb \_kvfZ rbjhd MklZgh\dZ ijb\ghkbl \ ^_yl_evghklv

² klZ[bevghklv khojZgyy gZijZ\e_gghklv ^_yl_evghklb \ jZaebqgh baf_gyxsboky kblmZpbyo

² kl_j_hlbibaZpbx ijb dhlhjhc hliZ^Z_l g_h[oh^bfhklv \ujZ[hldb gh\uo j_r_gbc ^ey jZg__ \klj_qZ\rboky kblmZpbc

Bkoh^y ba wlbo ih\_^_gq_kdbo gZ[ex^_gbc \u ^he`gu ijbclb d ihgbfZgbx ^__kihkh[ghklb Zllblx^Z AZ^_ckl\h\Zlv fh`gh lhevdh lh qlh j_Zevgh kms_kl\m_l :llblx^ hlghkbl_evgh g_aZ\bkbf hl \g_rgbo nZdlhjh\ L _ ij_^jZkiheh`_gghklv d hij_^_e_gguf ^_ckl\byf [he__ ijhbkl_dZ_l ba ijhreh]h hiulZ h[t_dlZ g_`_eb ba k\hckl\ l_dms_c kblmZpbb \dexqZy gZijbf_j \Zk \ dZq_kl\_ __ we_f_glZ MklZgh\dZ ij_^ibku\Z_l h[t_dlm ^hklZlhqgh `_kldmx ijh]jZffm ih\_^_gby ijb g_hkhagZgghklb h[t_dlhf kZfh]h khklhygby ]hlh\ghklb d