2.25 Complete each sentence with an adjective using the suffixes

-ful, -ly or -y .

1. You must be when you open the door. (CARE)

2. The countryside looks very now. (COLOUR)

3. That was a very thing to do! (COWARD)

4. He has a routine of exercises. (DAY)

5. She was when I told her my plan. (DOUBT)

6. It was very so I drove slowly. (FOG)

7. It's nice meeting such a person. (FRIEND)

8. He looked very in that hat. (FUN)

9. They saw a figure at the castle door. (GHOST)

10. Working on the car made her hands (GREASE)

11. Let's go for a walk in the fresh air! (HEALTH)

12. We're that they'll agree to come. (HOPE)

13. Seeing all that food made me very (HUNGER)

14. She married a businessman. (SUCCESS)

15. He looked when he heard the news. (THOUGHT)

16. This map was very on my holiday. (USE)

17. It was to see him again. (WONDER)

2.26 Complete the sentences with the adjectives derived from the words in brackets.

-ful, -ic, -ive, -ible, -ious, -less, -ish, -y, -ing, -able

1. John is very … . He never remembers where his things are. (forget)

2. Luke is … .I think he’ll become a painter. (create)

3. He’s very … . He wants to become rich and famous. (ambition)

4. Ann’s … . She always loses her things. (care)

5. Don’t be … Think of others first. (self)

6. He’s very … . He tells the best jokes. (fun)

7. Sam can’t find a … job. (suit)

8. Tom is brilliant at making any subject … to small children. (comprehend)

9. Being a teacher is always … because every y is different. (interest)

10. Now he has graduated university, Lee is a … architect. (quality)

2.27 Read international words and fill in the table.

Russian suffixes	English words	English suffixes
-ический/ -ичныи -ивный -ярный/ -арный -озный -антный/-ентный -абельный

respiratory, climatic, critical, respectable, progressive, competent, regular, latent, infantile, ambitious, ordinary, massive, relevant. periodic, mechanical, formal, popular, intensive, tropical, industrial, physical, civil, academic, stationary, polar, analytical, vertical, active, organic, chemical, sterile, illusory, tolerant, serious, permanent, comfortable, indifferent, familiar, polar, plenary, rudimentary.

Unit 3

Verb Suffixes

-ise(ize)*	memory	память	memorize	запоминать
-fy(-ify)	simple	простой	simplify	упрощать
-ate*	concentration	концентрация	concentrate	сосредотачивать
-en	strength	сила	strengthen	укреплять
-ute	distribution	распределение	distribute	распределять
-d(e)	applause	аплодировать	applaud	аплодисменты

*В многосложных глаголах с данными суффиксами обычно ударение падает на третий слог с конца ex.: to ‘organize

3.1 Paraphrase the following phrases using -ize (ise).

Model: to make legal – legalize.

to become liberal, to make actual, to realize in action, to make an apology, to give authority to, to provide with canals, to bring to a centre, to describe character of, to act as a patron towards, to make personal, to make professional,to bring to a standard, to make American in character.

3.2 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffixes -ize (-ise). Translate into Russian.

а) от основ прилагательных:

legal, liberal, popular, external, final, local, industrial, general, formal, ideal, modern;

б) от основ существительных:

victim, automat, symbol, oxide, motor, summary, robot.

3.3 Match the words in column A with their synonyms in

column B:

A B

oppress	systematize
arrange	recognize
notice	tyrannize
allow	localize
praise	characterize
concentrate	harmonize
mark	authorize
agree	panegyrize
calm	tranquilize

3.4 Rewrite the sentences replacing the phrases in italics with appropriate -ize / -ise verbs.

1. Some cars are fitted with a security device which makes the engine immobile.

2. In areas where the power supply fluctuates, for sensitive equipment a device to make the voltage stable required.

3. Manufacturers seek to keep costs to a minimum and profits to a maximum.

4. Most companies have installed computers to control their production line.

5. Companies may make their operation more rational by reducing the variety of products they make.

3.5 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -fy. Translate into Russian.

Model pure – чистый – to purify – очищать

dense, glory, justice, identity, note, pace, sign, example.

3.6 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -en.

Translate into Russian.

Model: broad – широкий – broaden- расширять

weak, soft, length, wide, dark, light, white, tight, thick, sweet, straight, deep, deaf, short, stout, sharp.

3.7 Answer the following questions.

1. When do the days begin to lengthen?

2. Do the coming examinations frighten you?

3. What can you do to brighten the classroom?

3.8 Match the words in column A with their antonyms in

column B:

A B

complicate	purify
pollute	simplify
separate	horrify
please	nullify
establish	unify

3.9 Form verbs from the words by means of the suffix -ate.

Translate into Russian.

Model: participation – participate

orientation, approximation, integration, communication, violation, subjugation, circulation, celebration, negotiation, indication, dedication, irritation, exaggeration, toleration.

3.10 Match the words in column A with their synonyms in

column B:

A B

free gather count show rouse explain predict divide make start ask send

illustrate anticipate create initiate separate interrogate delegate accumulate agitate calculate liberate demonstrate

3.11 Translate into English using the suffix -ate.

эвакуировать (evacuation), регулировать (regular), координировать (coordination), артикулировать (articulation), вибрировать (vibration), имитировать (imitation), дифференцировать (differentiation), ассоциировать (association), ассимилировать (assimilation), демонстрировать (demonstration), изолировать (isolation).

3.12 Form a verb – using the suffixes -en, -ify or -ise (-ize) from the noun or adjective.

computer, liquid, apology, bright, class, loose, sharp, soft, strength, terror, emphasis, identity, modern, pure, short, thick, wide.

3.13 Read international words and fill in the table.

Russian suffixes	English words	English suffixes
-фицировать -изировать/-изовать -цировать/-сировать -ировать

monopolize, identify, convulse, neutralize, intensify, liberalize, emigrate, colonize, accumulate, produce, assimilate, organize, balance, qualify, demonstrate, liquidate, mechanize.

Unit 4

Adverb suffixes

-ly	accurate	точный	accurately	точно
-ward	south	юг	southward	на юг, к югу
-fold	three	три	threefold	тройной
-wise	clock	часы	clockwise	по часовой стрелке

Некоторые наречия, образованные от прилагательных путём добавления суффикса -ly, отличаются по значению от корневого слова.

Запомните их!

hard	трудный, тяжелый, твердый	hardly	едва, едва ли, с трудом
near	близкий	nearly	почти, близко приблизительно
high	высокий	highly	весьма, очень
late	поздний	lately	недавно, за последнее время
short	короткий	shortly	вскоре
large	большой, обширный	largely	главным образом, в значительной степени
ready	готовый	readily	легко, без труда
necessary	необходимый	necessarily	обязательно
increasing	нарастающий	increasingly	в большей степени