1.50 Read the international words and fill in the table.

Russian suffixes	English words	English suffixes
-cия/зия
-ция
-енция/анция
-ность
-тура/дура
-ия

evolution, productivity, chronology, corrosion, history, artillery, temperature, antipathy, illustration, ceremony, elasticity, procedure, anarchy, culture, intensity, discussion, symphony, biography, exploitation, autonomy, dynasty, expropriation, symmetry, anthology, emancipation, accumulation, exposition, plasticity, radioactivity, mixture, commission, vibration, interpretation, procession, session.

Unit 2

Adjective Suffixes

суффиксы	значение	примеры
-less	отсутствие качества	use	польза	useless	бесполезный
-ish	качество, признак, страна, национальность	child Poland	ребёнок Польша	childish Polish	детский польский
-ible/able	признак, причинность, соответствие	to suit to flex	подходить гнуть	suitable flexible	подходящий гибкий
-ly	наличие качества, свойства	friend	друг	friendly	дружествен-ный
-like	качество, свойство	dream	мечта	dreamlike	фантастичес-кий
-ary (-ory)	качество, свойство	example	образец	exemplary	образ-цовый
-ic	наличие качества, свойства	atom	атом	atomic	атом-ный
-al (-ical)	наличие качества, свойства	centre	центр	central	центральный
-ive	наличие качества:	decision	решение	decisive	решающий
-ous	обозначающие наличие качества, свойства	number	число	nume-rous	многочисленный
-en	наличие качества, свойства	gold	золото	golden	золотой
-ian	страна, национальность	Canada	Канада	Canadian	канадс-кий

Суффиксы прилагательных, означающих качество, признак, выраженных основой

-ful	to wonder	удивляться	wonderful	удивительный
-y	to weigh	взвешивать	weighty	тяжёлый
-ed	hook	крючок	hooked	кривой

2.1 Form nouns from the words by means of the suffix -less. Translate into English.

Model: help – помощь – helpless – беспомощный

aim, brain, care, change, cloud, house, price, value, voice, sound, job, name.

2.2 Translate into English, using the suffix -less.

бессердечный (heart), бессонный (sleep), безжалостный (pity), бесполезный (use), безграничный (bound), безлистый (leaf), без удобств (comfort), без будущего (future), без запаха (scent), без каблуков (heel), недвижимый (motion), безвредный (harm), не имеющий веса (weight), безденежный (money).

2.3 Match the words in column A with their synonyms in

column B:

A B

gloomy blameless

innocent spotless

weak boundless

pale defenceless

vast colourless

clean cheerless

quiet lifeless

correct pitiless

cruel noiseless

dead faultless

2.4 Transform these adjectives into the root words.

Model: helpful – полезный – help – помощь

forceful, successful, harmful, useful, fruitful, colourful, tasteful, powerful, changeful.

2.5 Answer the following questions.

1. Do you find physical exercises useful?

2. What films do you find the most successful?

3. Are the meals cooked by your mother tasteful?

4. What people are trustful?

5. What sort of activities are wasteful?

2.6 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -y. Translate into Russian.

Model: steel – сталь – steely – стальной

grass, chalk, wind, dream, storm, taste, sugar, luck, rain, silk.

2.7 Transform these adjectives into the root words.

Translate into Russian.

Model: crowded – переполненный – crowd – толпа

moneyed, hooked, balconied, spectacled, haired, blooded, ragged.

2.8 Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B:

A B

experienced	fruitful
rich	skilled
careful	muddy
successful	gloomy
dirty	needy
sad	lucky
cheerful	thoughtful
dark	joyful
poor	dusky
well	foxy
sly	healthy
pleasant	stony
hard	delightful
terrible	fearful
disgraceful	gifted
capable	shameful
necessary	needful
cold	weighty
heavy	frosty

2.9 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ish. Translate into English.

a) fool, child, wood, water, cat, clown, snow, yellow, short, lazy, long, sad, warm.

2. Sweden, Denmark, Turkey, Finland.

2.10 Translate into English using the suffix -ish.

коричневатый (brown), сероватый (grey), упрямый как осел (mule), игривый (как котенок) (kitten), толстый, похожий на глыбу (lump), дьявольский (devil), хитроватый (sly).

2.11 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -able

(-ible). Translate into English.

Model: answer – отвечать;

answerable – такой, на который можно ответить, возразить

approach, compare, convert, believe, break, change, eat, enjoy, suit, inhabit, reduce, move, observe, teach, distinguish, read, recognize, prove, desire, laugh, fashion, place, value, reason, size, favour, suit.

2.12 Answer the following questions.

1. What breakable things are there on your table?

2. Is your handwriting readable?

3. When is the weather most changeable?

4. Do you have any clothes which are not wearable?

5. Are the explanations given by your teacher always understandable?

6. Is it desirable for you to have two days off a week?

2.13 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ary

(-ory). Translate into English.

Model: element – элемент – elementary – элементарный

prime, discipline, evolution, imagine, reaction, legend, exploration, honour, tradition, compel, oblige.

2.14 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ic.

Translate into English.

Model: atom – атом – atomic – атомный

magnet, sulphur, artist, base, class, cube, atmosphere, electron, egoist, enthusiast, period, poet, symbol.

2.15 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ous.

Translate into Russian.

Model: gas – газ – gaseous – газообразный

analogy, poison danger, generosity, humor, desire, scandal, continue, infection.

2.16 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ive.

Translate into Russian.

Model: reflect – отражать – reflective – отражающий

create, indicate, imitate, illustrate, attract, prevent, possess, negate, invent, restore, decorate, execute, relate, regulate, demonstrate.

2.17 Read and translate the following adjectives.

Translate into Russian.

homelike, ladylike, manlike, lifelike, warlike, fishlike, businesslike, gooselike, babylike.

2.18 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ly.

Translate into Russian.

Model: earth – Земля – earthly – земной

man, god, wife, world, cost, coward, master, lord, king, queen, saint.

2.19 Translate into Russian.

brotherly love, neigbourly relations, orderly room, weakly child, bodily suffering, heavenly bodies, goodly sum of money, to feel poorly, elderly relatives, easterly wind, southerly direction, beastly weather, timely aid.

2.20 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -ian.

Translate into Russian.

Model: Russia – Россия – Russian – русский

Brazil, Germany, Canada, Hungary, Mexico.

2.21 Translate into English using the suffix -ian.

австралийская шерсть (wool), индийский чай, украинская пшеница, армянское вино, калифорнийские фрукты, арабский хлопок, бразильский кофе, иранская нефть, кубинский сахар, сибирский лес, белорусские яблоки.

2.22 Form adjectives from the words by means of the suffix -al.

Translate into Russian.

Model: experiment – эксперимент – experimental –

экспериментальный

proportion, theory, logic, culture, ratio, pharmaceutics, nature, universe, electricity, occasion, origin, sensation, symmetry.

2.23 Answer the following questions.

1. What is your usual mealtime?

2. What physical laws do you know?

3. Do you like sentimental poetry?

4. Are there any theoretical problems that are of great interest to you?

2.24 Complete each sentence with a form of the word in brackets, for example:

It’s too windy to wear a hat today. (WIND)

The new word will end in -ed, -ful, -ing or -y

1. If it's tomorrow, let's go to the beach. (SUN)

2. Lenny looked very when he saw us. (SURPRISE)

3. We've got some very news for you. (SURPRISE)

4. We watched a very show on television (FUN)

last night.

6. Mum gets when Jill is so late. (WORRY)

7. In weather like this the yachts (STORM)

usually stay in the harbour.

8. In my country most men don't wear (MARRY)

a ring.

9. I went to an talk about finding a job. (INTEREST)

10. Bye! Have a holiday! (WONDER)

11. Sheila lives in a very part of (BEAUTY)

the country.

12. John usually feels after a big meal. (SLEEP)

13. A calculator can be very if you work (USE)

in a shop.

14. Gina was very when people stared (EMBARASS)

at her new hairdo.

15. It's really sitting at a computer all day. (TIRE)