Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для студентов юридических специальностей. English for law students. Часть 1
.pdf
71
lation, code ate, mix, socialize
В
security — danger
order — disorder
policeman/militiaman
— criminal
use — abuse
alcoholic — worka-
holic20
legal — illegal, etc.
Ex. 6 Переведите следующие словосочетания, обращая особое внимание
на служебные слова.
Our forces, such enforcement, our security, this society, their safety, more traffic,
another participation, a citizen, the community, an effort, much support, your shoulder-strap, these uniforms, its public order, her uniform, its establishment, to meet the
challenge of organized crime.
Грамматика и упражнения для чтения
§ 15. Особенности перевода местоимения it
1. Местоимение it может заменять существительное или его сочетание. В
этом случае it переводится на русский язык — «он, она, оно» в соответствующем падеже, в зависимости от выполняемой им функции. Род местоимения зависит от рода заменяемого им существительного, е. g. the table (it — он); the
window (it — оно); the book (it — она).
2. Местоимение it может заменять целое предложение и тогда оно обычно
переводится на русский язык словом «это» в соответствующем падеже, е. g.
Fighting crime is a big problem of present-day life. It is everybody’s job. — Борьба
с преступностью — большая проблема современной жизни. Это дело всех.
3. В начале конструкций типа It is necessary (possible, impossible, obvious, clear,
interesting, easy, difficult, essential, important, etc.); It is 5 o’clock; It is winter it не переводится: Необходимо. Пять часов. Зима. и др. Оно является формальным подлежащим в безличном предложении.
4. В начале усилительной конструкции типа It is + существительное + that
(which, who)… it и союз that (which, who) не переводятся, но часто добавляется слово «именно».
Ex. 7 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод местоиме-
ния it. New words: agenda — повестка дня.
1. It is not so difficult to name the tasks of the Police/Militia. 2. It is an important
mission to fight crime in our country. 3. It is necessary to have a good plan in crime pre-
vention work. 4. It is possible to help the Militia in its crime prevention work. 5. The prob-
lem of crime prevention is always acute and important. It was on the agenda of the last con-
ference.
Ex. 8 Переведите предложения с усилительной конструкцией it is ... that
(who) ...
It is the operative who is to prevent crime. 2. It is the investigator who is of
20
«трудоголик».
72
Союз
Предлог
Нар
е-
так как
для, ради, в
так как, с тех
так как, по мере
до
с тех
ten a search commander. 3. It is Volgograd that is the hero-city of our country.
4. It is Moscow that is the capital of our state. 5. It is Sherlock Holmes who is the
main character of Conan Doyle’s stories.
§ 16. Омонимичные предлоги, союзы и наречия
В английском языке наиболее употребительные союзы часто совпадают по
внешнему виду, форме, звучанию с предлогами и наречиями. Эти так называемые омонимичные предлоги, союзы и наречия представляют известную трудность при переводе21.
afte
be-
fore
sin
ce
as
после того как после потом
до того как
до
рань-
ше
с
пор как
того как, когда
в качестве
пор22
—
Совпадающие по форме предлоги, союзы и наречия различают, как прави-
ло, по месту и сочетаемости с другими частями речи.
1. Если за таким омонимичным словом следует подлежащее и сказуемое,
оно является обычно союзом.
2. Если после омонимичного слова отсутствуют подлежащее и сказуемое,
оно обычно является предлогом.
3. Если такое омонимичное слово стоит в конце предложения и выступает в
функции обстоятельства, оно обычно является наречием.
Например:
Since he was at the crime scene he was in the course of investigation of that
crime. Так как он находился на месте преступления, он был в курсе расследования этого преступления.
Our state is a member of Interpol since 1990. Наше государство — член Интерпола с 1990 года.
I have not been there since. Я не был там с тех пор.
Необходимо также иметь в виду многозначность союзов as (так как, по мере
того как, когда), since (так как, с тех пор как), if (если, ли). Их значение определяется из контекста сложного предложения.
ние на подчеркнутые союзы и союзные слова.
terests of the public. 2. Robert Peel, Charles Rowan and Richard Mayne whose
names are in the list of the founders of the New Police in Great Britain were the first
21
22
Note the preferable use of the Perfect Tenses.
Ex. 9 (Повторение). Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внима-
1. The Police/Militia is the organization that is to subject its activity to the in-
См также § 6.
73
organizers of state control over the police in 1829. 3. The tasks which are of great
importance are to enforce law and order effectively and to do educational and preventive work. 4. Constant support of public organizations is of great help for the Militia as it is through public organizations that effective preventive work is possible to
do. 5. A police officer is not to place his service over the people because the people
are to be not the object but the sense of his activity.
Ex. 10 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на союзы, союзные
слова и предлоги. New words: suspect — подозреваемый, behaviour — поведение, shift — смена.
1. Edgar Hoover had been Director of the FBI23 since 1924. 2. Since a police
station is in continuous operation it is necessary to have three shifts. 3. The trainee is
to analyse the operation that is of interest for his future work. 4. The personnel selection process is the foundation on which a police-public relations programme is to
stand. 5. In any situation the investigator is to determine whether the suspect was at
the crime scene. 6. It is necessary to know much about the people’s psychology if we
are to understand the behaviour of the public. 7. Like the patrolman the detective is
to be always on guard when he is in contact with the public. 8. After observation of
the crime scene they were to question some witnesses. 9. The members of the patrol
service are to be real experts, for they are to possess many skills necessary for their
work.
Ex. 11 Прочтите и переведите текст.
Text for Reading
THE IDEA OF POLICE/MILITIA
ПОНЯТИЕ О ПОЛИЦИИ / МИЛИЦИИ
It is important for you as cadets of a militia college to think of the
definitions of «police» and «militia». What is Police? And what is
Militia? Both words are the names of the institutions or individuals that are to maintain law and order, to provide security for society and its citizens, to fight crime — to
prevent crime, to investigate and solve crimes, to enforce the law and, to some extent, — to persecute and punish criminals — with the general right to use coercive
force by the state within the state’s domestic territory.
The idea of the word «police» (from the Greek "politeia") is municipal administration, so the aspect of administration is dominant in this term. The idea of the
word «militia» (from the Latin "militia") is military service, so the military aspect of
law enforcement activity is prevalent in this case.
According to one police scholar it is possible to compare the functions of the
police/militia with the functions of a magistrate, a soldier and a journalist.
Every police/militia system is an integral part of the social and political system
in which it is to work. The basic principle of the democratic government is the
principle of “separation of powers” into three main branches – legislative, executive
and judicial – in the system of “checks and balances” (Charles Montesquieu). In this
case powers of one governmental branch are to check or balance those of other
branches. “Democracy is the government of the people, by the people and for the
23
FBI– Federal Bureau of Investigation (Федеральное Бюро Расследования).
74
people” (Abraham Lincoln). Thus in a modern democratic society the law enforcement officers are to strictly observe the principles of legality and to protect the rights
and interests of citizens. The police/militia officers are to possess great self-control
and courage not to abuse their official powers and duties, especially their right to use
coercive force.
What problems and tasks are our militia to deal with nowadays? Our militia
24
are to deal with many problems, and all of them are of great importance. It is effective law enforcement, educational and preventive work that are to be in the center of
the activities of militia agencies today. We are to build a law-governed state, so our
militia are to enforce the law strictly on the basis of legality. Militia stations are in
continuous operation of crime prevention, criminal investigation and crime solution,
day and night patrol service, alcohol law enforcement, traffic safety, problems of juvenile delinquency and racketeering. One of the main tasks of our militia is to improve militia/public relations, increase the public’s trust and sense of security. It is
the mutual efforts of the militia and the public and the participation of the militia in
all community affairs that are absolutely necessary for effective law enforcement. It
is everybody’s job. The constant support of all organizations is of great help to the
militia.
To combat organized crime — sometimes of transnational character —
terrorism, smuggling, drug trafficking, illicit arms trade, hijacking of planes and
highjacking on highways25, money laundering, sham bankruptcy, contract murders
(or murders for sale), kidnapping and taking of hostages, gambling, prostitution, forgery and counterfeiting of currency, computer-related financial fraud and fraud in insurance, corruption and bribing of public figures, party leaders and elected officials,
etc. is an actual problem now not only for the police around the world but for our militia as well. That’s why it was so necessary for our country to join the International
Police Organization - Interpol - as its 151st member in September, 1990.
Interpol is an important tool and the only practical means for criminal
investigation of international crimes and detection and arrest of transnational
criminals. Now this organization is coordinator of law enforcement efforts in nearly
180 member countries. And it is to take up the challenge of globalizing crime in the
21st century, an era of globalization of the social and economic spheres.
Men and women in a militia / police uniform with the shoulder-straps of different militia / police ranks are to present a positive image of the militia / police with
social and humanitarian orientation and put love into their life, work and contacts
with people.
Упражнения в чтении
Ex. 12 Прочтите и переведите. Обратите особое внимание на словообразую-
щие суффиксы.
define — definition
force — enforce — enforcement — enforcer
secure — security
administer — administrate — administration — administrative — administrator
24
«Militia» is used here in the sense of a collective consisting of many persons.
25
For "highjacking on highways" the term "carjacking" began to be used in American English.
75
act — action — active — activity — actively
common — community
danger — dangerous
establish — establishment
fight — fighting — fighter
terror — terrorism — terrorist — terrorize
important — importance
prevent — preventive — prevention —preventionist
safe — safety
effect — effective — effectively
participate — participant — participation — participle
smuggle — smuggling — smuggler
insure — insurance — insurant — insurer
govern — government — governmental
legal — legality
protect — protection —protector
legislative — legislature — legislation
judicial — judiciary
globe — global — globalize — globalization
coordinate — coordination — coordinator
Ex. 13 Найдите в тексте «Понятие полиции и милиции» английские экви-
валенты следующих словосочетаний:
поддерживать (охранять) право и порядок; обеспечить безопасность для
общества и его граждан; бороться с преступностью; предупреждать преступность; расследовать и раскрывать преступления; проводить в жизнь закон; преследовать и наказывать преступников; широкое право применять принудительную силу; городское управление (администрация); неотъем-лемая часть; гражданские права; злоупотреблять полицейской властью; принцип «разделения
властей» на три главные ветви; законодательная, исполнительная и судебная
власть; система «сдержек и противовесов»; иметь самообладание; эффективное
правоприменение; на основе законности; воспитательная и предупредительная
работа; строить правовое государство; строго на основе законности; патрульная служба; борьба с пьянством; безопасность дорожного движения; правонарушения несовершеннолетних; организованная преступность; рэкет (вымогательство); увеличивать доверие населения к милиции и чувство безопасности;
взаимные усилия милиции и общества; постоянная поддержка; бороться с организованной преступ-ностью; торговля наркотиками; незаконная торговля
оружием; угон само-летов и автотранспорта; отмывание “грязных” денег; заказные убийства; компьютерные преступления; компьютерное финансовое
мошенничество; финансовое мошенничество в сфере страхования; контрабанда; похищение людей; взятие заложников; азартные игры; фальшивомонетничество; подлог; коррупция и подкуп должностных лиц, партийных лидеров и
избранных лиц; лжебанкротство; принять (ответить на) вызов глобализации
преступности.
76
Ex. 14 Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What are the main functions of Police/Militia?
2. What is the idea of the term «police»?
3. What is the idea of the term «militia»?
4. What is the basic principle of the democratic government?
5. What is the essence (сущность) of the system of “checks and balances”?
6. What is democracy?
7. What principles are the law enforcement officers to observe in a modern
democratic society?
8. In which way is the law enforcement officer to exercise his duties?
9. What problems and tasks are the militia to deal with now?
10. Is it necessary to improve militia/public relations?
11. What types of organized crime are the militia to combat now?
12. What organization is our state a member of?
13. What kind of organization is Interpol and what is its task?
14. What are the names of militia ranks?
15. What image of the militia/police is the militia/police officer to present?
Ex. 15 Задайте вопросы к тексту.
1. The main functions of Police/Militia.
(What ... ... ... ... ... ... ?)
2. The idea of the term «police».
(What ... ... ... ... … … …?)
3. The idea of the term «militia».
(What ... ... ... ... ... ... ...?)
4. The basic principle of the democratic government.
(What ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...?)
5. The law enforcement officer and his service in a modern democratic society.
(Is it necessary for a law enforcement officer to possess ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...?)
6. The main tasks of the militia now.
(What are ... ... ... ... ... … …?)
7. Militia/public relations.
(Is close cooperation between the militia ... ... ... …?)
8. Organized crime and militia/ police.
(What types of organized crime are ... ... ... ... ...?)
9. Men and women in a militia / police uniform and the image of the militia /
police.
(Are men and women in a militia uniform to present ... ... ... ... ... ?)
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Task I. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по теме раздела:
What is the difference between the ideas of the words “police” and “militia”?
What do you consider the most important functions of the militia?
How do police and militia solve their tasks?
77
Task II. Выполните лексический тест 3. Проверьте правильность ответов
по ключу. Определите эффективность своей работы.
Translate into English
1. капитан
2. полковник
3. сержант
4. генерал-майор
5. генерал-полковник
6. рядовой
7. подполковник
Translate into Russian
1. gambling
2. hijacking
3. trafficking
4. branch
5. delinquency
6. forgery
7. illicit
8. magistrate
9. hostage
10. to punish
11. relations
12. security
Task III. Выполните следующие грамматические задания. Проверьте
правильность ответов по ключу. Определите эффективность своей работы.
Напишите краткие ответы.
1. Were you a student last year? – No, …
2. Are you a future operative of the CID? – Yes, …
3. Is your brother a future lieutenant? – No, …
4. Are they responsible for crime prevention? – Yes, …
Task IV. Прочитайте текст и затем напишите вопросы к ответам:
Пример: Nick Ivanov- What is his name?
This is a short story about my friend. His name is Nick Ivanov. He is seven-
teen. He is from the office worker’s family. He is from Kemerovo. Last year he was
a pupil of the secondary school. He was not a bad pupil. He was good at social studies and science. He is in Omsk now, because Nick is a student of the Omsk Law Institute. He is a future investigator. Nick is a private. His future profession is criminal
investigation and law enforcement. The main tasks of his future profession are fighting crime and observing the principles of legality.
1. 17 2. from Kemerovo 3. last year 4. social studies and science
5. He’s a private. 6. fighting crime
Task IV. Составьте письменный рассказ о себе и своей будущей профес-
сии, пользуясь приведенной ниже таблицей.
78
Are you a future militia officer?
a young man, a former
ondary education,
with professional
your
(his/her) name?
when
were you born?
)... Где /
in Tomsk, in Moscow,
How old are
you? (is he/she)
Сколько
вам
лет?
Where are you
I am from Minsk
What family
... Из какой
fice worker’s, peasant’s)
were you
Кем вы были в
r-
u-
dent of a technical school, a
worker of a factory, an office
u-
What subjects
were you good at?
...
Какие предметы
давались вам
особенно хорошо?
at literature and history,
Where are you
now? (is he/ she)
Где
вы
сейчас
?
in Moscow, in Omsk, in
Вы будущий офицер милиции?
Table 3
1. Who are you?
(is he/she)
Кто вы?
2.What is
Как вас зовут?
3. Where /
(was he/she
когда вы родились?
4.
5.
from? (What town)
(is he/she)... От-
куда вы?
high school student, a former serviceman, etc.
My (his/her) name is...
etc.
in 1980, July, the 7 th.
I am 20. He/she is ...
(Tyumen, etc.)
He/she is from ...
with special sec-
skills and abilities
6.
are you from? (is
he/she)
вы семьи?
7. What
last year? (was
he/she)
прошлом году?
8.
(was he/she)
9.
from the worker’s (of-
family
a militia officer, a se
viceman of the Army, a st
worker, a high school st
dent, etc.
English, biology, mathematics, etc.
Volgograd, etc.
79
10.
Why are you
у вы
am a student
Law Institute /
What are
Кто вы по
the
spector
What is your
Каково ваше
What’s your
Какова
law, crime detection,
criminal investigation, law
What are the
main tasks of your
Каковы главные
задачи вашей
fighting crime, crime
prevention, effective law
forcement, educational
and preventive work, day
and night patrol service,
ized crime, racketeering,
protecting law and order,
serving the principles of
here now? (is
he/she)...
...because I
of the ...*
Academy of the Interior.
Почем
11.
you?
(is he/she) ...
профессии?
12.
(his/her) rank?
звание?
a freshman of the ...*
Law Institute / Academy
a future lawyer
a future detective
a future operative of
CID (ECID)
a future investigator
a future divisional in-
a private
a sergeant
a sergeant - major
a future lieutenant
a senior lieutenant
a junior lieutenant
a major, a captain,
lieutenant -colonel...,
colonel -general of militia force
13.
(his/her) future profession?
ваша профессия?
14.
(his/her) future profession?
профессии?
interesting, neces-
sary, useful, difficult
enforcement
en
alcohol enforcement, traffic safety, problems of juvenile delinquency, organ-
ob
legality
80
15.
What are you
(is he/she) to do
here at the Institute/
emy and later
her)
Чем вы должны
заниматься здесь в
cial and general education
to get professional skills
to be on guard of public
to protect (maintain)
to observe the principles
to perform well under
to enforce the
to patrol the
to maintain law
and order strictly on
to protect the
to take up the
Acad
on in your (his/
professional life?
Академии и позднее в своей профессиональной
жизни?
to study different spe-
subjects;
and abilities;
to drive a (patrol) car;
to use the weapon;
to interview witnesses;
to interrogate criminals;
to search a crime scene;
to detect criminals;
to fight crime; to pre-
vent crime;
laws;
streets;
the basis of legality;
rights and interests of citizens;
not to abuse official powers and duties;
order;
challenge of globalizing crime
law and order;
of legality;
operational conditions
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]